MySQL数据备份与恢复
MySQL数据备份与恢复
1、数据备份概述
备份是数据安全的最后一道防线，对于任何数据丢失的场景，备份虽然不一定能恢复百分之百的数据(取决于备份周期)，但至少能将损失降到最低。
数据丢失的场景举例：
- 人为操作失误造成某些数据被误操作
- 软件 BUG 造成部分数据或全部数据丢失
- 硬件故障造成数据库部分数据或全部数据丢失
- 安全漏洞被入侵数据恶意破坏
1.1 衡量备份恢复重要指标
衡量备份恢复有两个重要的指标：
- 恢复点目标(RPO)
- 恢复点目标是指数据能恢复到什么程度
- 恢复时间目标(RTO)
- 恢复时间目标是指数据恢复需要多长时间
1.2 数据库备份分类
数据库备份方式分很多种，从物理与逻辑的角度来看，备份可分为：
- 物理备份：指对数据库操作系统的物理文件（如数据文件、日志文件等）的备份。物理备份又可以分为脱机备份(冷备份)和联机备份(热备份)。
- 冷备份:在关闭数据库时进行的备份操作，能够较好地保证数据库的完整性。
- 热备份:在数据库运行状态中进行操作，这种备份方法依赖于数据库的日志文件。
- 逻辑备份：指对数据库逻辑组件(如"表"等数据库对象)的备份。
数据库的备份从策略角度来看，备份可分为以下几类：
- 完全备份：每次对数据进行完整的备份。可以备份整个数据库，包含用户表、系统表、索引、视图和存储过程等所有数据库对象。但它需要花费更多的时间和空间，所以，做一次完全备份的周期要长些。
- 差异备份：备份那些自从上次完全备份之后被修改过的文件，只备份数据库部分的内容。它比最初的完全备份小，因为只包含自上次完全备份以来所改变的数据库。它的优点是存储和恢复速度快。
- 增量备份：只有那些在上次完全备份或者增量备份后被修改的文件才会被备份。
2、MySQL备份工具
2.1 mysqldump备份工具
MySQL官方提供了Mysqldump逻辑备份工具，它的备份原理是通过协议连接到 MySQL 数据库，将需要备份的数据查询出来，将查询出的数据转换成对应的insert语句，当我们需要还原这些数据时，只要执行这些insert语句，即可将对应的数据还原。
//mysqldump命令语法：
mysqldump [选项] 数据库名 [表名] > 备份文件名
选项列表：
| 选项名 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| –host | 服务器IP地址 |
| –port | 服务器端口号 |
| –user | MySQL 用户名 |
| –password | MySQL 密码 |
| –databases | 指定要备份的数据库 |
| –all-databases | 备份mysql服务器上的所有数据库 |
| –compact | 压缩模式，产生更少的输出 |
| –comments | 添加注释信息 |
| –complete-insert | 输出完成的插入语句 |
| –lock-tables | 备份前，锁定所有数据库表 |
| –no-create-db / --no-create-info | 禁止生成创建数据库语句 |
| –force | 当出现错误时仍然继续备份操作 |
| –default-character-set | 指定默认字符集 |
| –add-locks | 备份数据库表时锁定数据库表 |
2.2 mysql数据恢复
系统行命令
mysql [选项] 数据库名 [表名] > 备份文件名
source 方法
source 备份文件名
3、mysql全量备份与恢复实例演示
3.1 mysql全量备份
#备份整个数据库(全备)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zsl |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use zsl;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_zsl |
+---------------+
| course |
| students |
| teacher |
+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pPasswd123! --all-databases > all-database-$(date '+%F-%H-%M-%S').sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ls
all-database-2022-07-29-10-45-04.sql anaconda-ks.cfg
#备份zsl库的course表、students表和teacher表
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pPasswd123! zsl course students teacher > table-$(date '+%F-%H-%M-%S').sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ls
all-database-2022-07-29-10-45-04.sql anaconda-ks.cfg table-2022-07-29-10-45-27.sql
#备份zsl库
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pPasswd123! --databases zsl > zsl-database-$(date '+%F-%H-%M-%S').sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ls
all-database-2022-07-29-10-45-04.sql table-2022-07-29-10-45-27.sql
anaconda-ks.cfg zsl-database-2022-07-29-10-47-47.sql
3.2 mysql数据恢复
#模拟误删zsl数据库
mysql> drop database zsl;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#恢复zsl数据库
##方法一：系统行命令数据恢复
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! < zsl-database-2022-07-29-10-47-47.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zsl |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
方法二：source数据恢复
mysql> source zsl-database-2022-07-29-10-47-47.sql;
......
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
......
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zsl |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#模拟删除zsl库的course表、students表
mysql> drop table course;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table students;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_zsl |
+---------------+
| teacher |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#恢复zsl库的course表、students表
mysql> source table-2022-07-29-10-45-27.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
......
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_zsl |
+---------------+
| course |
| students |
| teacher |
+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#模拟删除整个数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zsl |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database zsl;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database sys;
Query OK, 101 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> drop database mysql;
Query OK, 31 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)
mysql> drop database performance_schema;
Query OK, 87 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
#恢复整个数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! < all-database-2022-07-29-10-45-04.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| zsl |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4、mysql差异备份与恢复实例演示
4.1 mysql差异备份
开启MySQL服务器的二进制日志功能
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
server-id=1 #设置服务器标识符
log-bin=mysql_bin #开启二进制日志功能
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
对数据库进行完全备份
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zsl |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables from zsl;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_zsl |
+---------------+
| course |
| students |
| teacher |
+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zsl.course;
+----+-------------+
| id | course_name |
+----+-------------+
| 1 | HTML |
| 2 | JAVA |
| 3 | MySQL |
| 4 | Python |
| 5 | C++ |
+----+-------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from zsl.students;
+----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | age | sex | height | course_id |
+----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | meng | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 |
| 2 | ke | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 |
| 3 | yang | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 |
| 4 | ding | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 |
| 5 | zhong | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 |
+----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zsl.teacher;
+----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | age | sex | height | course_id |
+----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | aa | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 |
| 2 | bb | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 |
| 3 | cc | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 |
| 4 | dd | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 |
| 5 | ee | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 |
+----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#开始完全备份
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pPasswd123! --single-transaction --flush-logs --master-data=2 --all-databases --delete-master-logs > all-database-$(date '+%F-%H-%M-%S').sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 1732
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 878539 Jul 29 10:45 all-database-2022-07-29-10-45-04.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 878710 Jul 29 11:21 all-database-2022-07-29-11-21-10.sql
-rw-------. 1 root root 1097 Jul 21 18:41 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3726 Jul 29 10:45 table-2022-07-29-10-45-27.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3862 Jul 29 10:47 zsl-database-2022-07-29-10-47-47.sql
#添加或删减内容
mysql> select * from course;
+----+-------------+
| id | course_name |
+----+-------------+
| 1 | HTML |
| 2 | JAVA |
| 3 | MySQL |
| 5 | C++ |
| 6 | wuli |
| 7 | huaxue |
| 8 | shuxue |
| 9 | yuwen |
+----+-------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from students;
+----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | age | sex | height | course_id |
+----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | meng | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 |
| 2 | ke | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 |
| 3 | yang | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 |
| 4 | ding | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 |
| 5 | zhong | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 |
+----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from teacher;
+----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | age | sex | height | course_id |
+----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | aa | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 |
| 2 | bb | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 |
| 3 | cc | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 |
| 4 | dd | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 |
| 5 | ee | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 |
| 6 | qq | 20 | 男 | 156 | 2 |
| 7 | gg | 60 | 男 | 186 | 3 |
| 8 | ff | 20 | 女 | 185 | 2 |
| 9 | rr | 15 | 男 | 189 | 9 |
+----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.2 mysql差异备份数据恢复
#模拟误删数据
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'drop database zsl;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
//由上可以看到zsl这个数据库已被删除
#刷新创建新的二进制日志
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/data/
total 122984
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Jul 29 02:43 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 client-key.pem
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 669 Jul 29 11:12 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 29 11:39 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 11:39 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 02:43 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 29 11:21 ibtmp1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 20346 Jul 29 11:12 localhost.localdomain.err
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 29 11:10 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 3913 Jul 29 11:39 mysql_bin.000003
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 19 Jul 29 11:21 mysql_bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 29 11:12 mysql.pid
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6 Jul 29 11:10 mysql_upgrade_info
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 performance_schema
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Jul 29 02:43 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 452 Jul 29 02:43 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 server-key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 sys
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pPasswd123! flush-logs
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/data/
total 122988
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Jul 29 02:43 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 client-key.pem
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 669 Jul 29 11:12 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 29 11:41 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 11:41 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 02:43 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 29 11:21 ibtmp1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 20346 Jul 29 11:12 localhost.localdomain.err
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 29 11:10 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 3960 Jul 29 11:41 mysql_bin.000003
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 154 Jul 29 11:41 mysql_bin.000004
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Jul 29 11:41 mysql_bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 29 11:12 mysql.pid
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6 Jul 29 11:10 mysql_upgrade_info
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 performance_schema
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Jul 29 02:43 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 452 Jul 29 02:43 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 server-key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 sys
#恢复完全备份
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! < all-database-2022-07-29-11-21-10.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zsl |
+--------------------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'show tables from zsl;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+---------------+
| Tables_in_zsl |
+---------------+
| course |
| students |
| teacher |
+---------------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'select * from zsl.course;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+-------------+
| id | course_name |
+----+-------------+
| 1 | HTML |
| 2 | JAVA |
| 3 | MySQL |
| 4 | Python |
| 5 | C++ |
+----+-------------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'select * from zsl.students;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | age | sex | height | course_id |
+----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | meng | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 |
| 2 | ke | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 |
| 3 | yang | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 |
| 4 | ding | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 |
| 5 | zhong | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 |
+----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'select * from zsl.teacher;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | age | sex | height | course_id |
+----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | aa | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 |
| 2 | bb | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 |
| 3 | cc | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 |
| 4 | dd | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 |
| 5 | ee | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 |
+----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+
#恢复差异备份
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/data/
total 189544
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Jul 29 02:43 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 client-key.pem
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 669 Jul 29 11:12 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 79691776 Jul 29 11:47 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 11:47 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 02:43 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 29 11:21 ibtmp1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 20346 Jul 29 11:12 localhost.localdomain.err
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 29 11:45 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 3960 Jul 29 11:41 mysql_bin.000003
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 859354 Jul 29 11:45 mysql_bin.000004
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Jul 29 11:41 mysql_bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 29 11:12 mysql.pid
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6 Jul 29 11:10 mysql_upgrade_info
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 performance_schema
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Jul 29 02:43 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 452 Jul 29 02:43 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 server-key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 134 Jul 29 11:45 zsl
#检查误删数据库的位置在什么地方
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql_bin.000003';
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000003 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.37-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 154 | |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 154 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 219 | Query | 1 | 290 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 290 | Table_map | 1 | 349 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 349 | Write_rows | 1 | 510 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 510 | Xid | 1 | 541 | COMMIT /* xid=988 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 541 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 606 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 606 | Query | 1 | 677 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 677 | Table_map | 1 | 728 | table_id: 178 (zsl.course) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 728 | Write_rows | 1 | 808 | table_id: 178 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 808 | Xid | 1 | 839 | COMMIT /* xid=989 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 839 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 904 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 904 | Query | 1 | 975 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 975 | Table_map | 1 | 1034 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1034 | Write_rows | 1 | 1201 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1201 | Xid | 1 | 1232 | COMMIT /* xid=990 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1232 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 1297 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1297 | Query | 1 | 1368 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1368 | Table_map | 1 | 1427 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1427 | Delete_rows | 1 | 1483 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1483 | Xid | 1 | 1514 | COMMIT /* xid=994 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1514 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 1579 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1579 | Query | 1 | 1650 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1650 | Table_map | 1 | 1709 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1709 | Delete_rows | 1 | 1765 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1765 | Xid | 1 | 1796 | COMMIT /* xid=995 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1796 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 1861 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1861 | Query | 1 | 1932 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1932 | Table_map | 1 | 1991 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 1991 | Delete_rows | 1 | 2048 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2048 | Xid | 1 | 2079 | COMMIT /* xid=996 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2079 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 2144 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2144 | Query | 1 | 2215 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2215 | Table_map | 1 | 2274 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2274 | Delete_rows | 1 | 2331 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2331 | Xid | 1 | 2362 | COMMIT /* xid=997 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2362 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 2427 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2427 | Query | 1 | 2498 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2498 | Table_map | 1 | 2557 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2557 | Delete_rows | 1 | 2614 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2614 | Xid | 1 | 2645 | COMMIT /* xid=998 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2645 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 2710 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2710 | Query | 1 | 2781 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2781 | Table_map | 1 | 2840 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2840 | Delete_rows | 1 | 2897 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2897 | Xid | 1 | 2928 | COMMIT /* xid=999 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2928 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 2993 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 2993 | Query | 1 | 3064 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3064 | Table_map | 1 | 3123 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3123 | Delete_rows | 1 | 3180 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3180 | Xid | 1 | 3211 | COMMIT /* xid=1000 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3211 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 3276 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3276 | Query | 1 | 3347 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3347 | Table_map | 1 | 3406 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3406 | Delete_rows | 1 | 3463 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3463 | Xid | 1 | 3494 | COMMIT /* xid=1001 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3494 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 3559 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3559 | Query | 1 | 3630 | BEGIN |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3630 | Table_map | 1 | 3681 | table_id: 178 (zsl.course) |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3681 | Delete_rows | 1 | 3728 | table_id: 178 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3728 | Xid | 1 | 3759 | COMMIT /* xid=1002 */ |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3759 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 3824 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3824 | Query | 1 | 3913 | drop database zsl |
| mysql_bin.000003 | 3913 | Rotate | 1 | 3960 | mysql_bin.000004;pos=4 |
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
65 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#使用mysqlbinlog恢复差异备份
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlbinlog --stop-position=3824 /opt/data/mysql_bin.000003 |mysql -uroot -pPasswd123!
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'select * from zsl.course;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+-------------+
| id | course_name |
+----+-------------+
| 1 | HTML |
| 2 | JAVA |
| 3 | MySQL |
| 5 | C++ |
| 6 | wuli |
| 7 | huaxue |
| 8 | shuxue |
| 9 | yuwen |
+----+-------------+
扩展
- 二进制日志转换文本文件
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v mysql_bin.000003 > /opt/mysql_bin003.txt
- 根据时间点恢复数据
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-datetime=‘2022-07-29 12:06:12’ /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p //基于时间恢复 从开头到指定的时间停止 之前的都会执行操作
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime=‘2022-07-29 12:06:16’ /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p //基于正确的时间恢复 从指定的时间点到结尾都会执行操作