10【matplotlib常用统计图】02绘制条形图
案例
假设你获取到了2017年内地电影票房前20的电影(列表a)和电影票房数据(列表b),那么如何更加直观的展示该数据?
a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]（单位:亿）
数据来源：http://58921.com/alltime/2017
在什么时候绘制条形图
- 统计离散的数据，也就是数据之间本身并没有什么关系
如何绘制条形图
代码+结果1.0
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@Time : 2020/11/28 23:19
@Author : yuhui
@Email : [email protected]
@FileName: matplotlib_7.py
@Software: PyCharm
'''
"""10【matplotlib常用统计图】02绘制条形图"""
"""假设你获取到了2017年内地电影票房前20的电影(列表a)和电影票房数据(列表b),那么如何更加直观的展示该数据?
数据来源：http://58921.com/alltime/2017"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# 解决中文乱码
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=["KaiTi"]
plt.rcParams["font.family"]="sans-serif"
# 解决符号无法显示的问题
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像时负号'-'显示为方块的问题
"""设置图形大小和图片品质"""
fig=plt.figure(
figsize=(16,9),
dpi=100,
)
# x轴数据
x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
# y轴数据
y=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
# 绘制条形图
plt.bar(range(len(x)),y, # 注意：x轴数据应该是数字的列表
# 然后我们再绘制x轴刻度 将x轴字符数据与x轴数字列表做一个一一对应
width=0.3, # 条形图的宽度
color=["#98FB98","#8FBC8F","#32CD32","#228B22","#008000","#006400","#7FFF00"], # 条形图中每一条形的颜色
) # plt.bar(x轴数据，y轴数据) 绘制条形图
plt.show()
一步步修改
设置x轴刻度字符
如何设置
# 设置x轴刻度字符
_x=["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
plt.xticks(range(len(_x)),_x,rotation=90) # 注意：rotation设置的是中心旋转，也就是以【x轴刻度】的中心为基点旋转一定的角度
解决方法
1.将图片变大
2.将刻度字符换行显示在x轴上
1.将图片变大
将图片保存到本地看一下是什么情况
2.将刻度字符换行显示在x轴上
# 设置x轴刻度字符
# 当名字比较长的时候，在名字中间插入一个\n换行符，使名字在x轴上显示的时候会换行显示，不至于过长超出了图片的长度
_x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：\n最后的骑士","摔跤吧！\n爸爸","加勒比海盗5：\n死无对证","金刚：\n骷髅岛","极限特工：\n终极回归","生化危机6：\n终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：\n殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：\n英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
plt.xticks(range(len(_x)),_x,rotation=90) # 注意：rotation设置的是中心旋转，也就是以【x轴刻度】的中心为基点旋转一定的角度
最终的效果图
问题
我们想要的条形图
如何绘制横着的条形图
代码+结果1.0
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@Time : 2020/11/29 9:48
@Author : yuhui
@Email : [email protected]
@FileName: matplotlib_8.py
@Software: PyCharm
'''
"""10【matplotlib常用统计图】02绘制条形图"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# 解决中文乱码
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=["KaiTi"]
plt.rcParams["font.family"]="sans-serif"
# 解决符号无法显示的问题
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像时负号'-'显示为方块的问题
"""设置图形大小和图片品质"""
fig=plt.figure(
figsize=(16,9),
dpi=100,
)
# x轴数据
x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
# y轴数据
y=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
# 如何绘制横着的条形图 plt.barh()
plt.barh(range(len(x)),y,width=0.3,
color=["#98FB98","#8FBC8F","#32CD32","#228B22","#008000","#006400","#7FFF00"], # 条形图中每一条形的颜色
)
# 设置x轴刻度字符
# 当名字比较长的时候，在名字中间插入一个\n换行符，使名字在x轴上显示的时候会换行显示，不至于过长超出了图片的长度
_x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：\n最后的骑士","摔跤吧！\n爸爸","加勒比海盗5：\n死无对证","金刚：\n骷髅岛","极限特工：\n终极回归","生化危机6：\n终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：\n殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：\n英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
plt.xticks(range(len(_x)),_x,rotation=90) # 注意：rotation设置的是中心旋转，也就是以【x轴刻度】的中心为基点旋转一定的角度
plt.show()
代码在运行的时候出现了错误
为什么会出现这个错误呢？
我们可以看一下plt.barh的源代码
结合我们写的代码和源代码分析一下错误出现的原因
第一次赋值是通过位置形参给width赋值，第二次赋值是手动给width赋值
所以一共是赋了两次值，出现了错误
修改之后再次运行
# 如何绘制横着的条形图 plt.barh()
plt.barh(range(len(x)), # 表示每一条在轴上的位置
y, # 每一条的长度
height=0.3, # 表示每一条的宽度，由于是横着的条形图，是在竖直方向上，所以使用height参数
color=["#98FB98","#8FBC8F","#32CD32","#228B22","#008000","#006400","#7FFF00"], # 条形图中每一条形的颜色
)
代码+结果2.0
"""设置x轴刻度和y轴刻度字符"""
_y=["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：\n最后的骑士","摔跤吧！\n爸爸","加勒比海盗5：\n死无对证","金刚：\n骷髅岛","极限特工：\n终极回归","生化危机6：\n终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：\n殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：\n英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
plt.yticks(range(len(_y)),_y,rotation=90)
"""设置x轴刻度和y轴刻度字符"""
_y=["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
plt.yticks(range(len(_y)),_y)
添加网格线
最终效果图
总结
绘制竖着的条形图
- 如何绘制
plt.bar(x轴数据，y轴数据) # 绘制条形图
- 一些参数
# 绘制条形图
plt.bar(range(len(x)),y, # 注意：x轴数据应该是数字的列表
# 然后我们再绘制x轴刻度 将x轴字符数据与x轴数字列表做一个一一对应
width=0.3, # 条形图的宽度
color=["#98FB98","#8FBC8F","#32CD32","#228B22","#008000","#006400","#7FFF00"], # 条形图中每一条形的颜色
) # plt.bar(x轴数据，y轴数据) 绘制条形图
- 设置x轴刻度和y轴刻度，给每一条命名
# 设置x轴刻度字符
# 当名字比较长的时候，在名字中间插入一个\n换行符，使名字在x轴上显示的时候会换行显示，不至于过长超出了图片的长度
_x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：\n最后的骑士","摔跤吧！\n爸爸","加勒比海盗5：\n死无对证","金刚：\n骷髅岛","极限特工：\n终极回归","生化危机6：\n终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：\n殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：\n英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
plt.xticks(range(len(_x)),_x,rotation=90) # 注意：rotation设置的是中心旋转，也就是以【x轴刻度】的中心为基点旋转一定的角度
- x轴字符换行显示
_x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：\n最后的骑士","摔跤吧！\n爸爸","加勒比海盗5：\n死无对证","金刚：\n骷髅岛","极限特工：\n终极回归","生化危机6：\n终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：\n殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：\n英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
绘制横着的条形图
- 如何绘制
plt.barh(条在y轴上的位置，条的长度)
# 如何绘制横着的条形图 plt.barh(条在y轴上的位置，条的长度)
plt.barh(range(len(x)), # 表示每一条在轴上的位置
y, # 每一条的长度
height=0.3, # 表示每一条的宽度，由于是横着的条形图，是在竖直方向上，所以使用height参数
color=["#98FB98","#8FBC8F","#32CD32","#228B22","#008000","#006400","#7FFF00"], # 条形图中每一条形的颜色
)
- 一些参数
# 如何绘制横着的条形图 plt.barh(条在y轴上的位置，条的长度)
plt.barh(range(len(x)), # 表示每一条在轴上的位置
y, # 每一条的长度
height=0.3, # 表示每一条的宽度，由于是横着的条形图，是在竖直方向上，所以使用height参数
color=["#98FB98","#8FBC8F","#32CD32","#228B22","#008000","#006400","#7FFF00"], # 条形图中每一条形的颜色
)
- 重新设置条的名字
"""设置x轴刻度和y轴刻度字符"""
_y=["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
plt.yticks(range(len(_y)),_y)
所有的代码
代码一（绘制竖着的条形图）
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@Time : 2020/11/28 23:19
@Author : yuhui
@Email : [email protected]
@FileName: matplotlib_7.py
@Software: PyCharm
'''
"""10【matplotlib常用统计图】02绘制条形图"""
"""假设你获取到了2017年内地电影票房前20的电影(列表a)和电影票房数据(列表b),那么如何更加直观的展示该数据?
数据来源：http://58921.com/alltime/2017"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# 解决中文乱码
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=["KaiTi"]
plt.rcParams["font.family"]="sans-serif"
# 解决符号无法显示的问题
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像时负号'-'显示为方块的问题
"""设置图形大小和图片品质"""
fig=plt.figure(
figsize=(16,9),
dpi=100,
)
# x轴数据
x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
# y轴数据
y=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
# 绘制条形图
plt.bar(range(len(x)),y, # 注意：x轴数据应该是数字的列表
# 然后我们再绘制x轴刻度 将x轴字符数据与x轴数字列表做一个一一对应
width=0.3, # 条形图的宽度
color=["#98FB98","#8FBC8F","#32CD32","#228B22","#008000","#006400","#7FFF00"], # 条形图中每一条形的颜色
) # plt.bar(x轴数据，y轴数据) 绘制条形图
# 设置x轴刻度字符
# 当名字比较长的时候，在名字中间插入一个\n换行符，使名字在x轴上显示的时候会换行显示，不至于过长超出了图片的长度
_x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：\n最后的骑士","摔跤吧！\n爸爸","加勒比海盗5：\n死无对证","金刚：\n骷髅岛","极限特工：\n终极回归","生化危机6：\n终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：\n殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：\n英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
plt.xticks(range(len(_x)),_x,rotation=90) # 注意：rotation设置的是中心旋转，也就是以【x轴刻度】的中心为基点旋转一定的角度
# # 设置x轴刻度字符
# _x=["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
# plt.xticks(range(len(_x)),_x,rotation=90) # 注意：rotation设置的是中心旋转，也就是以【x轴刻度】的中心为基点旋转一定的角度
# plt.savefig("../data/matplotlib_7.svg")
plt.show()
代码二（绘制横着的条形图）
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@Time : 2020/11/29 9:48
@Author : yuhui
@Email : [email protected]
@FileName: matplotlib_8.py
@Software: PyCharm
'''
"""10【matplotlib常用统计图】02绘制条形图"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# 解决中文乱码
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=["KaiTi"]
plt.rcParams["font.family"]="sans-serif"
# 解决符号无法显示的问题
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像时负号'-'显示为方块的问题
"""设置图形大小和图片品质"""
fig=plt.figure(
figsize=(16,9),
dpi=100,
)
# x轴数据
x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
# y轴数据
y=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
# 如何绘制横着的条形图 plt.barh()
plt.barh(range(len(x)), # 表示每一条在轴上的位置
y, # 每一条的长度
height=0.3, # 表示每一条的宽度，由于是横着的条形图，是在竖直方向上，所以使用height参数
color=["#98FB98","#8FBC8F","#32CD32","#228B22","#008000","#006400","#7FFF00"], # 条形图中每一条形的颜色
)
# # 设置x轴刻度字符
# # 当名字比较长的时候，在名字中间插入一个\n换行符，使名字在x轴上显示的时候会换行显示，不至于过长超出了图片的长度
# _x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：\n最后的骑士","摔跤吧！\n爸爸","加勒比海盗5：\n死无对证","金刚：\n骷髅岛","极限特工：\n终极回归","生化危机6：\n终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：\n殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：\n英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
# plt.xticks(range(len(_x)),_x,rotation=90) # 注意：rotation设置的是中心旋转，也就是以【x轴刻度】的中心为基点旋转一定的角度
"""设置x轴刻度和y轴刻度字符"""
_y=["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
plt.yticks(range(len(_y)),_y)
# 添加网格线
plt.grid(
linestyle=":", # 线型
color="#6495ED", # 颜色 CornflowerBlue 矢车菊的蓝色 #6495ED 100,149,237
alpha=0.4, # 透明度
)
plt.show()