linux自带yum命令嘛,最详细的Linux YUM命令使用教程

YUM(Yellow dog Updater, Modified)为多个Linux发行版的前端软件包管理器,例如 Redhat RHEL, CentOS & Fedora.  YUM通过调用RPM的软件包信息让用户更方便地进行软件安装,升级,卸载等软件包管理操作。

这篇教程适用所有使用YUM管理软件包的Linux发行版,包括CentOS, RHEL or Fedora.

怎么使用YUM命令升级所有RPM软件包?

yum update

怎么使用YUM命令升级单个RPM软件包

yum update 软件名称

使用YUM安装RPM软件包

yum install 软件名称

使用YUM升级全部软件时怎么排除个别软件

假如你想升级所有软件包,但不想升级内核,就可以用下面的命令: yum --exclude=package kernel* update

怎么使用YUM来确定某个软件需要升级

下面的命令会检测 Fedora/CentOS/RHEL上的所有软件是否需要升级

check-update

使用YUM卸载软件

yum remove 软件名称 或者 yum erase 软件名称

使用YUM查看软件包相关信息

yum list可以让你获取软件包相关信息,后面不指定软件包名的话,它会列出所有软件包的信息。 yum list 软件名称

使用yum了解软件的主要功能

比如你想知道httpd这个软件是干吗的,可以输入下面的的命令: yum provides httpd

[root@ zhetenger ~]# yum provides nginx

Loaded plugins: priorities

nginx-.0.5-3.el6.i686 : A high performance web server and reverse proxy server

Repo        : epel

使用YUM查找软件包

如果你不知道某个软件包的全称,这个命令就非常有用了,它会根据你提供的关键词在RPM的软件包数据库里搜索相适配的软件包。比方说我想找 samba这个软件的全称,我只需要输入下面的命令即可: yum search samba

然后会显示下面的信息:

Loaded plugins: priorities

============================== N/S Matched: samba ==============================

ncid-samba.noarch : NCID samba module sends caller ID information to windows

: machines

php-pear-Auth-samba.noarch : Samba support for php-pear-Auth

samba-client.i686 : Samba client programs

samba-common.i686 : Files used by both Samba servers and clients

samba-doc.i686 : Documentation for the Samba suite

samba-swat.i686 : The Samba SMB server Web configuration program

samba-winbind.i686 : Samba winbind

samba-winbind-clients.i686 : Samba winbind clients

samba-winbind-krb5-locator.i686 : Samba winbind krb5 locator

samba4.i686 : The Samba4 CIFS and AD client and server suite

samba4-devel.i686 : Developer tools for Samba libraries

samba4-libs.i686 : Samba libraries

sblim-cmpi-samba.i686 : SBLIM WBEM-SMT Samba

sblim-cmpi-samba-devel.i686 : SBLIM WBEM-SMT Samba - Header Development Files

sblim-cmpi-samba-test.i686 : SBLIM WBEM-SMT Samba - Testcase Files

ctdb.i686 : A Clustered Database based on Samba's Trivial Database (TDB)

php-pear-File-SMBPasswd.noarch : Class for managing SAMBA style password files

samba.i686 : Server and Client software to interoperate with Windows machines

samba-domainjoin-gui.i686 : Domainjoin GUI

使用YUM查看软件包的基本信息

>[root@zhetenger ~]#  yum info samba

Loaded plugins: priorities

Installed Packages

Name        : samba

Arch        : i686

Version     : 3.5.0

Release     : 25.el6

Size        : 7 M

Repo        : installed

From repo   : base

Summary     : Server and Client software to interoperate with Windows machines

URL         : http://www.samba.org/

License     : GPLv3+ and LGPLv3+

Description :

: Samba is the suite of programs by which a lot of PC-related

: machines share files, printers, and other information (such as

: lists of available files and printers). The Windows NT, OS/2, and

: Linux operating systems support this natively, and add-on packages

: can enable the same thing for DOS, Windows, VMS, UNIX of all

: kinds, MVS, and more. This package provides an SMB/CIFS server

: that can be used to provide network services to SMB/CIFS clients.

: Samba uses NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) protocols and does NOT

: need the NetBEUI (Microsoft Raw NetBIOS frame) protocol.

怎么清除YUM缓存和下载包文件

每安装一个软件包,YUM都是先下载一个RPM软件包然后再安装,安装完后并不会自动删除。时间长了,这些文件占很多空间的。所以,需要定时清理: yum clean all

怎么使用YUM安装本地RPM包

如果你想要自己创建一个RPM软件包,你你可以用YUM来确定存在哪些依赖关系: yum localinstall 软件名称.rpm

使用YUM升级本地RPM软件包

如果你想升级一个本地RPM软件包,可以用下面的命令: yum localupdate update-package.rpm

确定RPM包依赖哪些组件

如果你想自己源码安装软件,了解安装的软件包依赖哪些软件非常有必要的。deplist可以让你知道软件包依赖哪些组件,这些组件的全称是什么。 yum deplist 软件名称

查看YUM的版本信息

yum -v

使用YUM安装软件包到chroot环境(chroot)

你可以使用下面的命令把软件安装到chroot: yum --installroot=/path/to/chroot/

使用YUM启用已存在的软件源

如果你安装了第三方的软件源,你需要先启用该软件源才能从其安装软件,输入下面的命令启用EPEL软件源: yum --enablerepo=epel install rsnapshot

使用YUM禁用软件源

如果你安装了第三方软件源但不想从其安装软件,可以用下面的命令禁用: yum --disablerepo=epel install 软件名称

YUM软件集合

YUM软件集合是指多个共同协作的软件统称,比如“Development Tools”(开发工具)。 下面介绍下怎么用yum groupinstall命令来查看/安装/卸载yum软件集合

安装yum软件集合

yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'

卸载yum软件集合

yum groupremove 'Development Tools'

升级yum软件集合

yum groupupdate 'Development Tools'

查看yum软件集合信息

yum groupinfo 'Development Tools'

查看有哪些软件集合

yum grouplist | more

使用YUM输出已安装软件包列表

该命令适用所有使用YUM为软件管理器的linux版本,如CentOS, Fedora, RHEL: yum list installed

GeoIP.i686                        .4.8-.el6                          @epel

MAKEDEV.i686                      3.24-6.el6                           installed

apr.i686                          .3.9-5.el6_2                        @updates

apr-util.i686                     .3.9-3.el6_0.                      installed

apr-util-ldap.i686                .3.9-3.el6_0.                      installed

aspell.i686                       2:0.60.6-2.el6                     installed

audit-libs.i686                   2.2-2.el6                            @base

authconfig.i686                   6..2-0.el6                        @base

avahi-libs.i686                   0.6.25-.el6                        @base

basesystem.noarch                 0.0-4.el6                           installed

bash.i686                         4..2-9.el6_2                        @base

bind.i686                         32:9.8.2-0.0.rc.el6_3.6            @updates

bind-libs.i686                    32:9.8.2-0.0.rc.el6_3.6            @updates

binutils.i686                     2.20.5.0.2-5.34.el6                 @base

bzip2.i686                        .0.5-7.el6_0                        installed

bzip2-libs.i686                   .0.5-7.el6_0                        installed

ca-certificates.noarch            200.63-3.el6_.5                    @base

centos-indexhtml.noarch           6-.el6.centos                       installed

centos-release.i686               6-3.el6.centos.9                     @base

chkconfig.i686                    .3.49.3-2.el6                       @base

compat-mysql5.i686               5..54-.el6.remi                    @remi

Getting Started

Download and Install Oracle Linux

Download and copy the appropriate yum configuration file in place, by running the following commands as root:

Oracle Linux 4, Update 6 or Newer

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d # mv Oracle-Base.repo Oracle-Base.repo.disabled # wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-el4.repo

Oracle Linux 5

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d # wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-el5.repo

Oracle Linux 6

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d # wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo

Oracle VM 2

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d # wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ovm2.repo

Enable the appropriate repository by editing the yum configuration file

Open the yum configuration file in a text editor

Locate the section in the file for the repository you plan to update from, e.g. [el4_u6_base]

Change enabled=0 to enabled=1

Begin using yum, for example:yum listyum install firefox

You may be prompted to confirm the import of the Oracle OSS Group GPG key.

by http://public-yum.oracle.com/

Oracle Linux有两种内核:兼容Red Hat Enterprise Linux的内核(使用RHEL源代码编译)和Oracle自己的Unbreakable Enterprise内核。Oracle声明Unbreakable Enterprise内核兼容RHEL,Oracle中间件和经过RHEL认证的第三方应用程序可以不经过修改的在Unbreakable Enterprise内核上运行。

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