/usr/bin/ld: cannot found -lboost_python 问题解决

  • /usr/bin/ld: cannot found -lboost_python
    • 错误情况
    • 解决方法
  • 其他错误
    • fatal error: pyconfig.h: 没有那个文件或目录
    • 如果提示找不到 “numpy.hpp”, “python.hpp”

/usr/bin/ld: cannot found -lboost_python

错误情况

编译CPP工程时,提示找不到 boost_python 和 boost_numpy。

$ make              
[ 50%] Linking CXX shared library segment.so
/usr/bin/ld: cannot -lboost_python
/usr/bin/ld: cannot found -lboost_numpy
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/segment.dir/build.make:84:segment.so] 错误 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:76:CMakeFiles/segment.dir/all] 错误 2
make: *** [Makefile:84:all] 错误 2
  • 查看 CMakeLists.txt , 发现依赖到了这两个链接库
set(BOOST_LIBS "-lboost_system -lboost_python -lboost_numpy") 
  • 搜索相关安转包, 发现已经安装。
sudo apt-cache search libboost-python
sudo apt-cache search libboost-numpy 
sudo apt-get install libboost-numpy-dev libboost-python-dev   

# RESULT
libboost-numpy-dev 已经是最新版 (1.71.0.0ubuntu2)。
libboost-python-dev 已经是最新版 (1.71.0.0ubuntu2)
  • 去ubuntu 官网查看该软件包 libboost-python。

具体版本是:libboost-python1.71.0_1.71.0-6ubuntu6_arm64.deb,发现该软件包包含如下软件:

/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libboost_python38.so.1.71.0
/usr/share/doc/libboost-python1.71.0/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/libboost-python1.71.0/copyright
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/libboost-python1.71.0
  • 猜测: 动态链接库的名字不是 boost_python, 而是 boost_python38。更改 CMakeLists.txt。
set(BOOST_LIBS "-lboost_system -lboost_python38 -lboost_numpy38") 
  • 重新编译:
$ make      
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/segment.dir/segment_py.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX shared library segment.so
[100%] Built target segment

解决方法

  • 确保系统安转相关的软件包,libboost-python 和 libboost-numpy。
sudo apt-get install libboost-numpy-dev libboost-python-dev
  • 确保正确引用动态链接库的名字。
set(BOOST_LIBS "-lboost_system -lboost_python38 -lboost_numpy38") 
  • 查看动态链接库是否到环境变量。
$ ldconfig -p | grep boost_python            
libboost_python38.so.1.71.0 (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python38.so.1.71.0
libboost_python38.so.1.67.0 (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python38.so.1.67.0
libboost_python38.so (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python38.so
libboost_python27.so.1.67.0 (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python27.so.1.67.0
$ ldconfig -p | grep boost_numpy 
libboost_numpy38.so.1.71.0 (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_numpy38.so.1.71.0
libboost_numpy38.so (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_numpy38.so

其他错误

fatal error: pyconfig.h: 没有那个文件或目录

  • 搜索 pyconfig.h 的位置。
$ sudo find / -name "pyconfig.h"
/home/larry/anaconda3/pkgs/python-3.8.11-h12debd9_0_cpython/include/python3.8/pyconfig.h
/home/larry/anaconda3/include/python3.7m/pyconfig.h
/usr/include/python3.8/pyconfig.h
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/python3.8/pyconfig.h
  • 选一个所需的环境路径,添加到环境变量即可。
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH:/usr/include/python3.8

如果提示找不到 “numpy.hpp”, “python.hpp”

  • 编译结果
$ make                          
Scanning dependencies of target segment
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/segment.dir/segment_py.cpp.o
/home/larry/GitProjects/selective_search_py/segment_py.cpp:4:10: fatal error: boost/numpy.hpp: 没有那个文件或目录
    4 | #include 
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/segment.dir/build.make:63:CMakeFiles/segment.dir/segment_py.cpp.o] 错误 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:76:CMakeFiles/segment.dir/all] 错误 2
make: *** [Makefile:84:all] 错误 2
  • fatal error: boost/numpy.hpp: 没有那个文件或目录
  • 查看C语言源代码
#include 
#include 
  • 搜索一下 numpy.hpppython.hpp,发现这两个文件都在 /usr/include/boost/ 目录下,所以编译时,如果找不到头文件可以在 g++ 编译器后添加参数 -I/usr/include/boost/python/

numpy.hpp/usr/include/boost/python 下,所以使用 numpy.hpp 的头文件包含应该是 include

$ sudo find / -name "numpy.hpp"     
/usr/include/vtk-7.1/vtkdiy/io/numpy.hpp
/usr/include/boost/python/numpy.hpp
$ sudo find / -name "python.hpp"
/usr/include/boost/mpi/python.hpp
/usr/include/boost/python.hpp
/usr/include/boost/parameter/python.hpp
  • 修改源文件
#include 
#include 

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