grafana、prometheus监控linux、mysql等

监控安装部署

监控安装下载所需包：

 下载地址：Download | Prometheus

Grafana下载

官网下载Download Grafana | Grafana Labs（速度较慢）

国内镜像Grafana 国内加速下载 | newbe（推荐）

所有相关包的和监控模板下载地址：

阿里云盘：

一、Grafana安装部署

1、执行：

​
[root@gtdms ~]# yum localinstall -y grafana-enterprise-9.1.1-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@gtdms ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start grafana-server && systemctl enable grafana-server
[root@gtdms ~]# systemctl status grafana-server
● grafana-server.service - Grafana instance
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Aug 26 15:28:57 CST; 5s ago
     Docs: http://docs.grafana.org
 Main PID: 3628 (grafana-server)
   CGroup: /system.slice/grafana-server.service
           └─3628 /usr/sbin/grafana-server --config=/etc/grafana/grafana.ini --pidfile=/var/run/grafana/grafana-server.pid --packaging=rpm cfg:default.paths.logs=/var/lo...
​
........
Aug 26 15:28:57 monitor grafana-server[3628]: t=2022-08-26T15:28:57+0800 lvl=info msg="Initializing TracingService" logger=server
Aug 26 15:28:57 monitor systemd[1]: Started Grafana instance.
Aug 26 15:28:57 monitor grafana-server[3628]: t=2022-08-26T15:28:57+0800 lvl=info msg="Initializing Stream Manager"
Aug 26 15:28:57 monitor grafana-server[3628]: t=2022-08-26T15:28:57+0800 lvl=info msg="HTTP Server Listen" logger=http.server address=0.0.0.0:3000 protocol=htt...l= socket=
Aug 26 15:28:57 monitor grafana-server[3628]: t=2022-08-26T15:28:57+0800 lvl=info msg="cleanup of expired auth tokens done" logger=auth count=0
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

2、启动有两种：

第一种：通过系统调用启动【本次使用】

[root@gtdms grafana]# /sbin/chkconfig --add grafana-server [root@gtdms grafana]# service grafana-server start Starting grafana-server (via systemctl): [ OK ] 注意需要等到OK出现

启动：

service grafana-server start

停止：

service grafana-server stop 

第二种：二进制方式启动

#查询安装位置 find / -name 'grafana'

一般默认安装位置为:

/usr/sbin/grafana-cli /usr/sbin/grafana-server

#启动

/usr/sbin/grafana-server web --config /etc/grafana/grafana.ini

#如果不加 --config 参数 Grafana 默认会去读 conf/custom.ini 配置文件

3、 界面访问地址：

http://192.168.0.198:3000

默认账号: admin

默认密码: admin

实际已修改为admin123

二、prometheus安装部署

1、软件包存放目录为：/root/

2、解压prometheus-2.38.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

[root@gtdms ~]# tar -xvf prometheus-2.38.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@gtdms ~]# cp /root/prometheus-2.38.0.linux-amd64/{prometheus,promtool} /usr/local/bin/
[root@gtdms ~]# mkdir -p /etc/prometheus && mkdir -p /data/gtdms/prometheus
[root@gtdms ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus: the monitoring system
Documentation=http://prometheus.io/docs/
​
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/data/gtdms/prometheus
Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10
​
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
​
​
[root@gtdms ~]# cp -p /root/prometheus-2.38.0.linux-amd64/prometheus.yml /etc/prometheus
[root@gtdms ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart prometheus 
[root@gtdms ~]# systemctl status prometheus
● prometheus.service - Prometheus: the monitoring system
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-08-29 10:28:57 CST; 5s ago
     Docs: http://prometheus.io/docs/
 Main PID: 11306 (prometheus)
    Tasks: 19
   Memory: 17.0M
   CGroup: /system.slice/prometheus.service
           └─11306 /usr/local/bin/prometheus --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/data/gtdms/prometheus
..........
Aug 29 10:28:57 gtdms prometheus[11306]: ts=2022-08-29T02:28:57.527Z caller=main.go:1218 level=info msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=/etc/promet…µs
Aug 29 10:28:57 gtdms prometheus[11306]: ts=2022-08-29T02:28:57.527Z caller=main.go:961 level=info msg="Server is ready to receive web requests."
Aug 29 10:28:57 gtdms prometheus[11306]: ts=2022-08-29T02:28:57.527Z caller=manager.go:941 level=info component="rule manager" msg="Starting rule manager..."
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

三、node-exporter安装部署

[root@gtdms ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.18.1/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@gtdms ~]# tar -xvf node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@gtdms ~]# mv /root/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64/node_exporter /usr/local/bin
[root@gtdms ~]# vi /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
​
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
​
[root@gtdms ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart node_exporter && systemctl enable node_exporter
​
# 查看node_exporter状态
[root@gtdms ~]# systemctl status node_exporter
● node_exporter.service - node_exporter
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-08-29 11:16:21 CST; 17s ago
     Docs: https://prometheus.io/
 Main PID: 3731 (node_exporter)
   CGroup: /system.slice/node_exporter.service
           └─3731 /usr/local/bin/node_exporter
..............
level=info msg="Listening on :9100" source="node_exporter.go:170"

# 启动后，配置prometheus.yml
[root@gtdms ~]# vi /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: "prometheus"
​
    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.
​
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["192.168.0.198:9100"]
​
  - job_name: "node info"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.0.198:9090']
  - job_name: "mysql-198"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.0.198:9104']
  - job_name: "redis-198"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.0.198:9121']
  - job_name: "linux-198"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.0.198:9222']
​
    
# 重新启动prometheus
[root@gtdms ~]# systemctl restart prometheus

重要配置：

vim /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml

systemctl restart prometheus

注意点：

在prometheus的配置文件prometheus.yml中添加node_exporter组件（一定要注意空格，不然会报错的）

# 新增，采集node_exporter监控数据
  - job_name: "node-168"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.x.x:9100']
  - job_name: "node-174"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.x.x:9100']

或直接加到prometheus后面，这样的话之后加入的组件不好区分，推荐上面的配置。

# 新增，采集node_exporter监控数据
  - job_name: "node-168"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.x.x:9100','192.168.x.x:9100']

访问prometheus server

这里访问http://${IP}:9090，进入prometheus server，可以看到node info处于up状态，表示prometheus能正常从node_exporter获取数据：

访问：http://192.168.0.198:9090/targets

四、mysqld_exporter 安装部署

# 在MySQL服务器上创建监控用户
mysql -uroot -p123456 
#创建mysql的监控用户专用账号
mysql>CREATE USER 'mysql_monitor'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123' WITH MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 3;
mysql> grant select,replication client, process on *.* to 'mysql_monitor'@'localhost' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
​
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
​
mysql> exit
Bye
​
# 将上面创建的mysql用户信息写入mysqld_exporter配置文件（新创建一个）
[root@gtdms ~]# vim /root/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf
[client]
user=mysql_monitor
password=123
另外，官方提供了一种方式采用环境变量方式配置账号密码
​
# 启动mysqld_exporter
nohup /root/mysqld_exporter/mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/root/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf &
​
# 确认是否正常启动（默认端口9104）
[root@gtdms ~]# netstat -lnptu | grep 9104
tcp6       0      0 :::9104                 :::*                    LISTEN      32688/mysqld_export 

五、redis_exporter 安装部署

解压安装包

[root@gtdms ~]# tar -xf redis_exporter-v1.44.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@gtdms ~]# mv /root/redis_exporter-v1.44.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz/redis_exporter /usr/local/bin
[root@gtdms ~]# vi /etc/systemd/system/redis_exporter.service
​
[Unit]
Description=redis_exporter
Documentation=https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis_exporter -redis.addr 192.168.0.198:6379  -redis.password 123456 -web.listen-address 192.168.0.198:9121
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
​
[root@gtdms ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart redis_exporter && systemctl enable redis_exporter
​
# 查看node_exporter状态
[root@gtdms ~]# systemctl status redis_exporter
​
查看服务端口号进程：
ss -tln | grep 9121

redis_exporter 运行参数说明： 可以通过./redis_exporter --help命令查看各个参数的含义，比较常用的参数如下 ：

-redis.addr string：Redis实例的地址，可以使一个或者多个，多个节点使用逗号分隔，默认为 "redis://localhost:6379"
-redis.password string：Redis实例的密码       
-web.listen-address string：服务监听的地址，默认为 0.0.0.0:9121
--storage.tsdb.retention.size：[EXPERIMENTAL]要保留的最大存储块字节数。最旧的数据将首先被删除。默认为0或禁用。该标志是试验性的，将来的发行版中可能会更改。支持的单位：B，KB，MB，GB，TB，PB，EB。例如：“ 512MB”
--storage.tsdb.path：Prometheus写入数据库的位置。默认为data/。
--storage.tsdb.retention.time：何时删除旧数据。默认为15d。storage.tsdb.retention如果此标志设置为默认值以外的任何值，则覆盖。

六、配置grafana 的监控大屏

下载监控模板：Dashboards | Grafana Labs

1 Node Exporter Dashboard 22/04/13 ConsulManager自动同步版 | Grafana Labs

Redis Dashboard for Prometheus Redis Exporter (helm stable/redis-ha) | Grafana Labs

MySQL Overview | Grafana Labs

 配置linux监控，先导入

 其他redis、mysql等配置都是一样

七、最终效果

八、注意点

1、prometheus 的默认存储监控数据时间为15天；

2、配置文件地址为：/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

3、prometheus启动命令为：

/root/prometheus-2.38.0.linux-amd64/prometheus \​

--web.listen-address="192.168.0.198:9090" \

​--storage.tsdb.retention.time=10d \

​--storage.tsdb.retention.size=20GB \

​--config.file="/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"