留学Paper写作题目重要性分析

　　我们常听到：Paper的好坏，从选择题目开始！可见选择Paper题目的重要性。这正是我们今天要探讨的内容。

 

　　We often hear that the quality of paper starts from choosing the topic!This shows the importance of selecting paper topics.This is what we are going to discuss today.

　　Paper找题要关注哪些因素呢？

　　What factors should paper pay attention to?

　　1.查阅文献看别人怎么做。我们在找题之前都会查阅一部分参考资料，看看别人的内容和研究方向都有哪些可以借鉴的。看到比较新颖的选题还可以根据自身的知识和工作情况进行延伸来得到想要的题目。这个过程需要注意两个问题：第一注意市场变化，由于市场变化很多，我们在查阅资料是尽量选择近两年的文献，如果很久以前的，可能那个课题已经过时了；第二注意的是一定要查看本校Paper，因为同一个学校，课程基本类似，知识水平相差不会太远，了解了他人写的什么，就会对自己Paper的长度、深度有一个概念，方便后续工作的进行。

　　1.Consult the literature to see how others do it.Before we look for questions,we will consult some reference materials to see what other people's content and research direction can learn from.See the relatively new topics can also be extended according to their own knowledge and work to get the desired topic.In this process,we need to pay attention to two problems:first,we should pay attention to the market changes.Because there are many changes in the market,we try to select the literature of the last two years when we look up the data.If it was a long time ago,it may be that the topic has become outdated;The second thing to note is that we must check our own paper,because the courses in the same school are basically similar,and the knowledge level is not too different.After knowing what others wrote,we will have a concept of the length and depth of our own paper,which is convenient for the follow-up work.

　　2.资料是否充足。资料条件也是选择合适Paper题目必须要考虑，也是值得重视的条件。资料是进行科学研究的凭借，是学术见解产生的基础。撰写Paper，从事研究，不能没有资料，而资料又不是随手可取的。而且，因为Paper主题和方向的不同，资料条件并不是对于每个人都相同的。科学研究资料的种类很多，而对于大学生来说，最常用的资料就是文献资料。每个人都处于特定的生活环境之中，可以经常利用的图书情报机构有限，而任何一个图书情报机构都不能无所不包，为此，选题时就要考虑能否拿到自己所需要的文献资料，经过努力之后，得到的资料是否齐全、够用。

　　2.Whether the information is sufficient.Data conditions must be taken into consideration when selecting appropriate paper topics,which is also a condition worthy of attention.Data is the basis for scientific research and the basis for academic insights.To write a paper and engage in research,you can't do without materials,which are not readily available.Moreover,because of the different themes and directions of Paper,the data conditions are not the same for everyone.There are many kinds of scientific research materials,and for college students,the most commonly used materials are literature materials.Everyone is in a specific living environment,and the library and information institutions that can be frequently used are limited,and any library and information institution cannot be all inclusive.Therefore,when selecting a topic,we should consider whether we can get the documents we need,and whether the materials we get are complete and sufficient after efforts.

　　3.在选择较具争议性的研究题目之前需慎重考虑。学术界是相当敏感的，在每个研究领域中，有一些主题或立场是可能会引起审阅者的恼怒。这不意味着您应该选择迎合他人需求的题目。然而，如果您选择了一个具有争议性的研究主题，必须仔细考虑这个题目是否会限制自己的就业发展、教授终身聘任的资格或Paper的发表机会。

　　3.Careful consideration should be given before choosing more controversial research topics.Academics are quite sensitive.In each research field,there are some topics or positions that may cause the anger of reviewers.This does not mean that you should choose topics that cater to the needs of others.However,if you choose a controversial research topic,you must carefully consider whether this topic will limit your employment development,the qualification for tenure of professors,or the publishing opportunity of Paper.

　　4.调查您的研究题目研究是否未被研究过。您选择的题目还未被研究过很可能是因为没有可供利用的资源及无法接触潜在的受访者。虽然这些问题并不能阻止学者欲彻底解开学术之谜的决心，事实上，如果知名学者已尝试过某项研究主题并且以失败告终，建议在您撰写自己的学术著作前，先再等待个几年。

　　4.Investigate whether your research topic has not been studied.The topic you have chosen has not been studied.It is likely that there are no available resources and no access to potential interviewees.Although these problems cannot stop scholars from trying to solve the academic mystery thoroughly,in fact,if well-known scholars have tried a certain research topic and ended up with failure,it is recommended to wait a few years before you write your own academic works.

　　5.要充分考量自身的能力问题。这里所说的能力问题主要是从研究题目的大小是否适中的角度着眼的。对不同级别的Paper的篇幅，通常有着不同的规定。而从总体上看，Paper的篇幅相对较长，为此，如果研究的问题太小，则难有展开的余地，写出的Paper常会给人一种繁冗、庞杂，“小题大作”之感。相反，如果题目过大，而作者的研究能力及研究经验不够，则无法把问题研究得非常深入、透彻，写出的Paper常会流于肤浅、空泛，给人一种“大题小作”之感。

　　5.Fully consider your own ability.The question of competence here is mainly from the perspective of whether the size of the research topic is appropriate.There are usually different regulations on the length of paper at different levels.On the whole,the paper is relatively long.Therefore,if the research questions are too small,there is no room for expansion.The written paper often gives people a sense of redundancy,complexity and"making a mountain out of a molehill".On the contrary,if the topic is too big and the author's research ability and experience are not enough,the problem cannot be studied very deeply and thoroughly,and the paper is often superficial and vague,giving people a sense of"making a mountain out of a molehill".

　　6.选择您喜爱的研究题目。这是最重要的选择标准。未来您将花费很多时间于Paper写作上，如果您能愉快地度过这段时间，您的Paper品质才会变得更好。此外，如果您对自己的研究充满热情，您的Paper、写作及论证才会有较佳的品质。您应该选择一个自己非常感兴趣并具有社会意义的题目，千万不要让别人强迫您选择某一特定题目。

　　6.Select your favorite research topic.This is the most important selection criterion.In the future,you will spend a lot of time on paper writing.If you can spend this time happily,your paper quality will become better.In addition,if you are passionate about your research,your paper,writing and argumentation will have better quality.You should choose a topic that you are very interested in and has social significance.Don't let others force you to choose a specific topic.

　　7.时间条件和导师指导条件也是选题时需要考虑的因素。Paper写作是一个过程，是否具备充足的时间条件，直接关系到Paper能否完成及完成的质量。Paper通常要求在有限的时间内完成，这就更要求作者在选题时充分考虑时间条件，根据时间条件，衡量课题的大小是否适中及难易程度是否恰当。为使Paper写作的时间尽可能充裕一些，选题应当尽可能早一些。但究竟在什么时候选择并确定Paper的题目为妥，要视作者的专业课学习情况而定。

　　7.Time conditions and tutor guidance conditions are also factors to be considered when selecting topics.Paper writing is a process.Whether there is sufficient time is directly related to whether the paper can be completed and the quality of completion.Paper is usually required to be completed in a limited time,which requires the author to fully consider the time conditions when selecting the topic,and measure whether the size and difficulty of the topic are appropriate according to the time conditions.In order to make paper writing time as abundant as possible,the topic should be selected as early as possible.However,when to choose and determine the paper topic is appropriate depends on the author's professional study.

　　那么，通过上述节因素的考虑，寻找题目应该说具有了基本的范围，那就进入中期的准备阶段。进入这个阶段已经有了方向的话其实已经很好办，通过这个关键词去查阅书籍或者Paper都可获得很多灵感。其中查阅书籍可能花的时间相对而言比较多，推荐的是查阅Paper，记得中文和英文的关键词都查一遍，可以获得更加多样的结果。尤其是一些Paper在文章中会指出本文有哪些局限性，还可以从哪些方面论证等等，这些往往是非常详细的研究点，如果有条件可以直接作为Paper题目。这个阶段要做到的是：在整个学科和方向的大框架内，选好自己的Paper的着手点，要求我们的眼光要聚焦精准的某一个领域之内。

　　Then,through the consideration of the above factors,it should be said that the search for a topic has a basic scope,and it will enter the mid-term preparation stage.In this stage,if there is a direction,it is really easy.You can get a lot of inspiration by consulting books or Paper with this keyword.It may take a lot of time to consult books.It is recommended to consult Paper.Remember to check both Chinese and English keywords to get more diversified results.In particular,some papers will point out the limitations of this article,and what aspects can be demonstrated,etc.These are often very detailed research points,and can be directly used as the paper title if conditions permit.What we need to do at this stage is to select our own starting point of paper within the framework of the whole discipline and direction,and require our eyes to focus on a precise field.

　　如果你这个时候还没有方向，那在这个阶段，可以去看一些学术类节目或者杂志之类的，找找灵感直接切题。或者是跟你的导师或者师兄师姐聊聊学科的前沿发展或者近期的学术动态，甚至与向师兄师姐取经看看他们当时写作的时候有没有一些考虑过但没有最终落实的选题可以作为自己的着手点。

　　If you have no direction at this time,at this stage,you can go to see some academic programs or magazines to find inspiration.Or talk about the cutting-edge development of the discipline or recent academic developments with your tutors or senior brothers and sisters,or even learn from senior brothers and sisters to see if they have considered some topics that have not been finally implemented when writing.

　　最后，就要进入准备开题阶段，那就是选找Paper题目的最后一步了。这一步基本要把Paper题目确定下来，要把握几个方面：一是题目要准确反映Paper的内容,符合其深度和广度，Paper内容包括引言、资料与方法、结果及讨论等部分。而Paper题目仅一句话,不可能反映如此多的内容,一般仅反映主要研究对象、方法、目的或结果。二是客观、含蓄地描述研究结果，一篇Paper中结果是主要的,由结果升华到结论更是可贵的。在题目中,一般不具体提结果和结论,而只作客观地、含蓄地描述。三是简明醒目,引人入胜:确定Paper题目,还应该力求简明、醒目,引人入胜。所谓简明,就是文字简炼、易懂。一般中文题目,以不超过20个汉字为宜;而英文题目的词数尚无统一规定,部分杂志规定以14～15个词或84个印刷符号,或一般不超过两行为妥。一般不设副标题,但在不可能简短的情况下,为了补充主标题内容或强调某一重点,可考虑加副标题。四是正确用词:Paper题目由精心选择的词汇组成,一般仅为一个短语、词组或一个完整的句子。确定题目时应注意用词恰当,使用正确的专业术语,并尽可能流畅易懂,避免使用空泛和华丽的词藻,避免错别字、俚语和已淘汰的术语。

　　Finally,we are about to enter the stage of preparing for the opening,which is the last step of selecting the paper topic.In this step,the paper topic should be basically determined,and several aspects should be grasped:first,the topic should accurately reflect the content of the paper,consistent with its depth and breadth.The paper content includes introduction,data and methods,results and discussion.However,the Paper topic is only a sentence,which cannot reflect so much content,and generally only reflects the main research object,method,purpose or result.The second is to describe the research results objectively and implicitly.The results in a Paper are important,and the sublimation from the results to the conclusions is even more valuable.In the title,the results and conclusions are generally not mentioned specifically,but only described objectively and implicitly.Third,it is concise,eye-catching and fascinating:when determining the paper topic,we should also strive to be concise,eye-catching and fascinating.The so-called conciseness means that the words are concise and easy to understand.For general Chinese topics,it is better to have no more than 20 Chinese characters;However,there is no uniform regulation on the number of words in English topics.Some magazines stipulate that 14 to 15 words or 84 printed symbols,or generally no more than two words,are appropriate.Generally,there is no subtitle,but when it is impossible to be brief,it can be considered to add a subtitle to supplement the main title or emphasize a certain key point.Fourth,use words correctly:Paper topics are composed of carefully selected words,generally only a phrase,phrase or a complete sentence.When determining the topic,pay attention to proper words,use correct professional terms,and try to be fluent and easy to understand.Avoid using vague and gorgeous words,and avoid wrong words,slang and obsolete terms.

　　我的切身体会是，写Paper时如果选题是热门的、实用的，Paper就成功了一半。反之，如果选了过时的、老旧的、实践意义不强的，就很难通过。所以，找到一个好的课题是非常不容易把握的，希望大家在实际操作过程中还是要多学习多请教前辈，以免走了弯路做了许多无用功，能够确保顺利。

　　My personal experience is that when writing Paper,if the topic is hot and practical,Paper will be half successful.On the contrary,it is difficult to pass if you choose the outdated,old and less practical ones.Therefore,it is very difficult to find a good topic.I hope that you should learn more and consult with the seniors in the actual operation process,so as to avoid making a detour and doing a lot of useless work to ensure smooth progress.