Eclipse中配置Struts2并实现HelloWorld

Struts2.xml的配置说明(—)

http://www.cnblogs.com/taxuewuhen/archive/2012/07/12/2588928.html

按struts2小例子配置开发环境。配置好后目录如下:                                             

Eclipse中配置Struts2并实现HelloWorld

Struts2.xml配置文件如下:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"

    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" /><!-- 动态方法调用应设为true -->

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />

    

    <!-- namespace相当于路径,访问方式如下:/teacher/a/b/c/d/hello.action,

        先找 /teacher/a/b/c/d这个namespace,若存在,则找hello.action,若action找到,则进行处理,若action找不到,会报错,

            若namespace不存在,则找下级namespace即/teacher/a/b/c再次执行上述查找。直到/这个根namespace,若还找不到action,

            则会报错。

    -->

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

        <!-- 这些配置要注意符合struts2配置的先后顺序 -->

        <default-action-ref name="hello"/>   <!-- 配置默认action,即在该包下若找不到要访问的action,则就交给默认action处理 -->

    

        <global-results>   <!--配置global-result 这些result该包下所有action都可以使用-->

            <result name="error">/index.jsp</result>

        </global-results> 

           

        <global-exception-mappings>  <!-- 配置Exception-mapping来处理异常 ,交给相应的页面处理-->

            <exception-mapping result="error" exception="java.lang.Exception"/>

        </global-exception-mappings>

        

        <action name="hello"><!-- 若action的class和method没有配,默认调用ActionSupport.execute(),返回"success"-->

            <result>/index.jsp</result>  <!-- 默认result的name="success",type="dispatcher" -->

            <result name="error">/index.jsp</result>

            

            <exception-mapping result="error" exception="java.lang.Exception"/>   <!-- 在action配置该action的异常处理 -->

        </action>

    </package>

    <package name="teacher" namespace="/teacher" extends="struts-default">

        <action name="teacherAdd" class="cn.com.soft.action.TeacherAction" method="add">

            <param name="name">zhangsan</param>   <!-- 向action中传递静态参数 -->

            <param name="age">23</param>

            <result name="add_success">/teacher_add_success.jsp</result>

        </action>

        <!-- 可以使用/teacher!add.action来动态方法调用 method也可以配置-->

        <action name="teacher" class="cn.com.soft.action.TeacherAction">  

            <result name="add_success">/teacher_add_success.jsp</result>

            <!-- result type 有好多种, 可以在struts-default.xml查看,

                默认dispatcher服务器端跳转,redirect客户端跳转   这两个只能跳转到页面

                chain服务器端跳转,redirectAction客户端跳转  这两个跳转到action

            -->

            <result name="delete_success">/teacher_delete_success.jsp</result>

            <result name="redirect" type="redirect">/teacher_delete_success.jsp</result>

            <result name="chain" type="chain">teacherAdd</result>

            <result name="redirectAction" type="redirectAction">

                <param name="actionName">hello</param> <!-- 若action不在同一个package中,配这两个参数 -->

                <param name="namespace">/</param>

            </result>

        </action>

    </package>

    <!-- 使用通配符来进行action方法调用 -->

    <package name="user" namespace="/user" extends="struts-default"> 

        <action name="*_*" class="cn.com.soft.action.{1}Action" method="{2}">

            <result name="{2}_success">/${path}.jsp?path=${path}</result>  <!-- ${path}是从valueStack中取数据,动态跳转 和传递参数-->

        </action>

    </package>

</struts>
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Teacher.java如下:

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package cn.com.soft.model;



public class Teacher {



    private String name ;

    

    private int age ;



    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }



    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }



    public int getAge() {

        return age;

    }



    public void setAge(int age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

}
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TeacherAction.java如下:

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package cn.com.soft.action;



import java.util.Map;



import javax.servlet.ServletContext;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;



import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ApplicationAware;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;

import org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;



import cn.com.soft.model.Teacher;



import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;



public class TeacherAction extends ActionSupport 

                implements RequestAware,SessionAware,ApplicationAware ,

                ServletRequestAware ,ServletContextAware {

    /**

     * 使用属性和Model来接受参数

     */

    private String name ;

    private int age ;

    private Teacher teacher ;

    

    private int type ;

    

    /**

     * 实现接口来获取request、session、application

     */

    private Map<String, Object> request3 ;

    private Map<String, Object> session3 ;

    private Map<String, Object> application3 ;

    

    private HttpServletRequest request4 ;

    private HttpSession session4 ;

    private ServletContext application4 ;



    /**

     * @method:add()

     * @return : add_success

     */

    public String add(){

        System.out.println("name :" + name );

        System.out.println("age : " + age);

        

        //获取request、session、context的常用两种方式,我们也可以使用implements接口:

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

        Map<String, Object> request = (Map<String, Object>) ActionContext.getContext().get("request") ;

        Map<String, Object> session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession() ;

        Map<String, Object> application = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication() ;

        request.put("request", "requestAttribute") ;

        session.put("session", "sessionAttribute") ;

        application.put("application", "applicationAttribute") ;

        

        HttpServletRequest request2 = ServletActionContext.getRequest() ;

        HttpSession session2 = request2.getSession() ;

        ServletContext application2 = ServletActionContext.getServletContext() ;

        request2.setAttribute("request2","requestAttribute2") ;

        session2.setAttribute("session2", "sessionAttribute2") ;

        application2.setAttribute("application2", "applicationAttribute2") ;

        return "add_success" ;

    }

    /**

     * @method:delete()

     * @return : delete_success

     */

    public String delete(){

        if(type == 1 ){      

            return "redirect" ;

        }else if (type == 2) {

            return "chain" ;

        }else if (type == 3) {

            return "redirectAction" ;

        }

        return "delete_success" ;

    }



    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }



    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }



    public int getAge() {

        return age;

    }



    public void setAge(int age) {

        this.age = age;

    }



    public Teacher getTeacher() {

        return teacher;

    }



    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {

        this.teacher = teacher;

    }



    //另一种实现接口来获得request、session、application

    public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application) {

        application3 = application ;

    }



    public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {

        session3 = session ;

    }



    public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {

        request3 = request ;

    }



    //第四种获得request、session、application

    public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {

        application4 = context ;

    }



    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {

        request4 = request ;

        session4 = request.getSession() ;

    }

    public int getType() {

        return type;

    }

    public void setType(int type) {

        this.type = type;

    }

}
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UserActioin.java如下:

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package cn.com.soft.action;



import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;



public class UserAction extends ActionSupport {



    private String path ;

    

    public String add(){

        

        path = "user_add_success" ;

        return "add_success" ;

    }

    

    public String delete(){

        

        path = "user_delete_success" ;

        return "delete_success" ;

    }



    public String getPath() {

        return path;

    }



    public void setPath(String path) {

        this.path = path;

    }

}
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拦截器后面再写。

在Eclipse中配置struts-core.jar和x-work.jar的源文件,方式如下:

在引入的struts-core.jar和x-work.jar两个jar包上分别点击右键,打开properties对话框,在对话框中选中Java Source Attachment选项,在右边点击External Folder打开文件查找窗口。

struts-core.jar找:E:/文档/struts-2.3.1.2-all/struts-2.3.1.2/src/core/src/main/java 这个文件夹   确定  OK

x-work.jar找:E:/文档/struts-2.3.1.2-all/struts-2.3.1.2/src/xwork-core/src/main/java这个文件夹  确定  OK

E:/文档/这个目录根据自己情况确定下载的struts-2.3.1.2-all的位置

 

本文转自:http://913046394-qq-com.iteye.com/blog/1456584

 

刚刚把玩了Struts2,是第一次接触Struts2,就不做过多的解释了。下面介绍在Eclipse中配置Struts2的过程:

一、下载Struts2,因为Struts2是开源的,百度或者google一下就可以找到下载地址。我下载的是struts-2.3.1.2版本 的,解压之后入下图:



apps目录:Struts2的范例

docs目录:Struts2的文档

lib目录:Struts2的类库

src目录:关于Struts2的一些资源

二、现在是利用apps中的范例实现一个helloworld的action,在apps目录下有几个war文件,如下图:



 

这几个文件可以用WinRAR打开,我用好压打开struts2-blank.war之后,如下图



 

在WEB-INF目录下打开classes目录,找到struts.xml文件,如下图



 

将struts.xml文件复制到Eclipse新建工程的src目录下,在我的工程中如下图:



 

三、如上面所示,在WEB-INF目录下打开lib目录,如下图:



 打开之后会有如上图的jar包,为保险起见,将所有的jar包复制到新建工程的lib目录下,在我的工程中如下图:



 

四、返回到WEB-INF目录下,找到web.xml文件并打开,打开之后会看到有如下代码:

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

    <display-name>Struts Blank</display-name>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

 将其中<filter></filter>和<filter-mapping></filter-mapping>元素复制到Eclipse新建工程的web.xml文件中,我的web.xml文件如下所示:

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>Structs0317</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
   <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

 

五、在Eclipse中打开复制来的struts.xml文件,将文件中<struts>和</struts>之间的内容注释掉,并添加如下所示的代码:

 

 
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">



        <action name="hello">

            <result>

                /Hello.jsp

            </result>

        </action>

    </package>

 

六、在Ecplise中新建一个Hello.jsp文件,在<body>标签之间写如下代码:

     

 

Hello Struts2<br>

 

然后启动Tomcat服务器,在IE浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/Structs0317会发现出现如下错误:

 

There is no Action mapped for namespace [/] and action name [] associated with context path [/Structs0317]. - [unknown location]
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:185)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:63)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:39)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:58)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:500)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:91)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:230)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:175)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:104)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:261)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:844)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:581)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

 

其实正确的输入是http://localhost:8080/Structs0317/hello或者http://localhost:8080/Structs0317/hello.action  访问到的Hello.jsp如下图所示:



 

 

OK,至此所有的配置都配置好了,接下来就可以好好的去玩Struts2了。在这里还想再谈一点感受就是,遇到新的东西首先是先拿去用,等会用了在好好研究它的原理和细枝末节,就像别人给你一把枪一样,你不会一拿到枪就把它拆开来研究它的内部构造,而是直接拿去用,会用了,觉得这东西有意思了,再好好去研究的内部结构甚至是仿制出一把出来。这也是我以前所没有意识到的,希望今后改进,好好学习,天天向上。

 

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