人工智能 | 基于支持向量机SVM模型的鸢尾花分类识别
一、实验目的
通过鸢尾花萼片长度和宽度特征，采用感知器模型对鸢尾花数据集进行种类的分类识别。
二、算法步骤
1.数据准备
(1)从sklearn库里加载鸢尾花特性数据集；
iris = datasets.load_iris();
#[]内数字0、1、2、3分半表示花萼长、宽和花瓣长宽
X = iris.data[:, [2, 3]]; y = iris.target;
# 打印输出的标签，0、1、2分别表示山鸢尾、变色鸢尾和维吉尼亚鸢尾。
print(‘Class labels:’, np.unique(y));
（2）用train_test_split函数将数据集随机分割成70%训练数据和30%测试数据， 并打印出三种花分别对应的所有数量、用于训练的数量和用于测试的数量，将训练数 据归一化，转换成一维数据保存在变量X_train_std和X_test_std中。
2.模型训练
对训练数据X_train_std和y_train采用svm进行数据拟合：
svm = SVC(kernel=‘linear’, C=1.0, random_state=1);
svm是线性拟合函数，其中，软间隔为1，随机状态为1.
3.数据绘图： 用plot_decision_regions函数将150条数据和45条测试数据显示在一张图上，分别用’s’(红),’^’(蓝),‘o’(绿)和’O’(黄)表示0类、1类、2类花和测试的数据标注。
4.模型评估： 打印出测试集中错误分类的样本的个数Misclassified samples，与测试集整体识别的准确率Accuracy。
print(‘Misclassified samples: %d’ % (y_test != y_pred).sum())
print(‘Accuracy: %.2f’ % svm.score(X_test_std, y_test))
三、直接上代码
from sklearn import __version__ as sklearn_version
from distutils.version import LooseVersion
from sklearn import datasets
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.linear_model import Perceptron
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
iris = datasets.load_iris()
X = iris.data[:, [2, 3]]
y = iris.target
print('Class labels:', np.unique(y))
# Splitting data into 70% training and 30% test data:
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
X, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=1, stratify=y)
print('Labels counts in y:', np.bincount(y))
print('Labels counts in y_train:', np.bincount(y_train))
print('Labels counts in y_test:', np.bincount(y_test))
sc = StandardScaler()
sc.fit(X_train)
X_train_std = sc.transform(X_train)
X_test_std = sc.transform(X_test)
def plot_decision_regions(X, y, classifier, test_idx=None, resolution=0.02):
# setup marker generator and color map
markers = ('s', '^', 'o', 'x', 'v')
colors = ('red', 'blue', 'lightgreen', 'gray', 'cyan')
cmap = ListedColormap(colors[:len(np.unique(y))])
# plot the decision surface
x1_min, x1_max = X[:, 0].min() - 1, X[:, 0].max() + 1
x2_min, x2_max = X[:, 1].min() - 1, X[:, 1].max() + 1
xx1, xx2 = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x1_min, x1_max, resolution),
np.arange(x2_min, x2_max, resolution))
Z = classifier.predict(np.array([xx1.ravel(), xx2.ravel()]).T)
Z = Z.reshape(xx1.shape)
plt.contourf(xx1, xx2, Z, alpha=0.3, cmap=cmap)
plt.xlim(xx1.min(), xx1.max())
plt.ylim(xx2.min(), xx2.max())
for idx, cl in enumerate(np.unique(y)):
plt.scatter(x=X[y == cl, 0],
y=X[y == cl, 1],
alpha=0.8,
c=colors[idx],
marker=markers[idx],
label=cl,
edgecolor='black')
# highlight test samples
# if test_idx:
# # plot all samples
# X_test, y_test = X[test_idx, :], y[test_idx]
#
# plt.scatter(X_test[:, 0],
# X_test[:, 1],
# c='y',
# edgecolor='black',
# alpha=1.0,
# linewidth=1,
# marker='o',
# s=100,
# label='test set')
# Training a svm model using the standardized training data:
X_combined_std = np.vstack((X_train_std, X_test_std))
y_combined = np.hstack((y_train, y_test))
svm = SVC(kernel='linear', C=1.0, random_state=1)
svm.fit(X_train_std, y_train)
plot_decision_regions(X_combined_std,
y_combined,
classifier=svm,
test_idx=range(105, 150))
plt.xlabel('petal length [standardized]')
plt.ylabel('petal width [standardized]')
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.tight_layout()
#plt.savefig('images/03_11.png', dpi=300)
plt.show()
y_pred = svm.predict(X_test_std)
print('Misclassified samples: %d' % (y_test != y_pred).sum())
print('Accuracy: %.2f' % svm.score(X_test_std, y_test))
四、实验结果
