Vue学习简记(十三)路由2--多级路由及相关参数和配置

Vue学习简记(十三)

    • 路由
      • 3.多级路由(多级路由)
      • 4.路由的query参数
      • 5.命名路由
      • 6.路由的params参数
      • 7.路由的props配置
      • 8.```< router-link>```的replace属性
      • 9.编程式路由导航
      • 10.缓存路由组件
      • 11.两个新的生命周期钩子

路由

3.多级路由(多级路由)

  1. 配置路由规则,使用children配置项:

    routes:[
    	{
    		path:'/about',
    		component:About,
    	},
    	{
    		path:'/home',
    		component:Home,
    		children:[ //通过children配置子级路由
    			{
    				path:'news', //此处一定不要写:/news
    				component:News
    			},
    			{
    				path:'message',//此处一定不要写:/message
    				component:Message
    			}
    		]
    	}
    ]
    
  2. 跳转(要写完整路径):

    <router-link to="/home/news">Newsrouter-link>
    

4.路由的query参数

  1. 传递参数

    
    <router-link :to="/home/message/detail?id=666&title=你好">跳转router-link>
    				
    
    <router-link 
    	:to="{
    		path:'/home/message/detail',
    		query:{
    		   id:666,
                title:'你好'
    		}
    	}"
    >跳转router-link>
    
  2. 接收参数:

    $route.query.id
    $route.query.title
    

5.命名路由

  1. 作用:可以简化路由的跳转。

  2. 如何使用

    1. 给路由命名:

      {
      	path:'/demo',
      	component:Demo,
      	children:[
      		{
      			path:'test',
      			component:Test,
      			children:[
      				{
                          name:'hello' //给路由命名
      					path:'welcome',
      					component:Hello,
      				}
      			]
      		}
      	]
      }
      
    2. 简化跳转:

      
      <router-link to="/demo/test/welcome">跳转router-link>
      
      
      <router-link :to="{name:'hello'}">跳转router-link>
      
      
      <router-link 
      	:to="{
      		name:'hello',
      		query:{
      		   id:666,
                 title:'你好'
      		}
      	}"
      >跳转router-link>
      

6.路由的params参数

  1. 配置路由,声明接收params参数

    {
    	path:'/home',
    	component:Home,
    	children:[
    		{
    			path:'news',
    			component:News
    		},
    		{
    			component:Message,
    			children:[
    				{
    					name:'xiangqing',
    					path:'detail/:id/:title', //使用占位符声明接收params参数
    					component:Detail
    				}
    			]
    		}
    	]
    }
    
  2. 传递参数

    
    <router-link :to="/home/message/detail/666/你好">跳转router-link>
    				
    
    <router-link 
    	:to="{
    		name:'xiangqing',
    		params:{
    		   id:666,
                title:'你好'
    		}
    	}"
    >跳转router-link>
    

    特别注意:路由携带params参数时,若使用to的对象写法,则不能使用path配置项,必须使用name配置!

  3. 接收参数:

    $route.params.id
    $route.params.title
    

7.路由的props配置

​ 作用:让路由组件更方便的收到参数

{
	name:'xiangqing',
	path:'detail/:id',
	component:Detail,

	//第一种写法:props值为对象,该对象中所有的key-value的组合最终都会通过props传给Detail组件
	// props:{a:900}

	//第二种写法:props值为布尔值,布尔值为true,则把路由收到的所有params参数通过props传给Detail组件
	// props:true
	
	//第三种写法:props值为函数,该函数返回的对象中每一组key-value都会通过props传给Detail组件
	props(route){
		return {
			id:route.query.id,
			title:route.query.title
		}
	}
}

8.< router-link>的replace属性

  1. 作用:控制路由跳转时操作浏览器历史记录的模式
  2. 浏览器的历史记录有两种写入方式:分别为pushreplacepush是追加历史记录,replace是替换当前记录。路由跳转时候默认为push
  3. 如何开启replace模式:News

9.编程式路由导航

  1. 作用:不借助 实现路由跳转,让路由跳转更加灵活

  2. 具体编码:

    //$router的两个API
    this.$router.push({
    	name:'xiangqing',
    		params:{
    			id:xxx,
    			title:xxx
    		}
    })
    
    this.$router.replace({
    	name:'xiangqing',
    		params:{
    			id:xxx,
    			title:xxx
    		}
    })
    this.$router.forward() //前进
    this.$router.back() //后退
    this.$router.go() //可前进也可后退
    

10.缓存路由组件

  1. 作用:让不展示的路由组件保持挂载,不被销毁。

  2. 具体编码:

    <keep-alive include="News"> 
        <router-view>router-view>
    keep-alive>
    

11.两个新的生命周期钩子

  1. 作用:路由组件所独有的两个钩子,用于捕获路由组件的激活状态。
  2. 具体名字:
    1. activated路由组件被激活时触发。
    2. deactivated路由组件失活时触发。

图示例子:
Vue学习简记(十三)路由2--多级路由及相关参数和配置_第1张图片
router/index.js

import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import About from '../pages/About'
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'


export default new VueRouter({
    routes: [{
            path: '/about',
            component: About
        },
        {
            path: '/home',
            component: Home,
            children: [{
                    path: 'news',
                    component: News,
                },
                {
                    path: 'message',
                    component: Message,
                    children: [{
                        name: 'detail',
                        path: 'detail/:id/:title',
                        component: Detail,
                        props(route) {
                            return {
                                id: route.params.id,
                                title: route.params.title
                            }
                        }
                    }]
                },
            ]
        },
    ]
})

App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
        <div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
        <button @click="back">后退</button>
			  <button @click="forward">前进</button>
			  <button @click="test">测试一下go</button>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
        <div class="list-group">
		      <!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
		      <router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about">About</router-link>
          <router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">Home</router-link>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="panel">
          <div class="panel-body">
						<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
            <router-view></router-view>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
    name: "App",
    methods:{
      back(){
				this.$router.back()
				console.log('回退了一步')
			},
			forward(){
				this.$router.forward()
				console.log('前进了一步')

			},
			test(){
				this.$router.go(2)
				console.log('前进了两步')

			}
    }
}
</script>

pages/About.vue

<template>
  <h2>我是About的内容</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
    name:'About',
    
}
</script>

pages/Detail.vue

<template>
	<ul>
		<li>消息编号:{{id}}</li>
		<li>消息标题:{{title}}</li>
	</ul>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Detail',
        props:['id','title'],
		mounted() {
			console.log(this.$route)
		},
	}
</script>

pages/Home.vue

<template>
	<div>
		<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
		<div>
			<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
				<li>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">News</router-link>
				</li>
				<li>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">Message</router-link>
				</li>
			</ul>
            <!-- 缓存多个路由组件 -->
			<!-- <keep-alive :include="['News','Message']"> -->
				
			<!-- 缓存一个路由组件 -->
			<keep-alive include="News">
				<router-view></router-view>
			</keep-alive>
		</div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name:'Home',
   
}
</script>

pages/Message.vue

<template>
	<div>
		<ul>
			<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
				<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的字符串写法 -->
				<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">{{m.title}}</router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->
				
				<!-- //声明接收params参数 -->
				<router-link :to="`/home/message/detail/${m.id}/${m.title}`">{{m.title}}</router-link>
	
				<button @click="pushShow(m)">push查看</button>
				<button @click="replaceShow(m)">replace查看</button>

				<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的对象写法 -->
				<!-- <router-link :to="{
					name:'detail',
					query:{
						id:m.id,
						title:m.title
					}
				}">
					{{m.title}}
				</router-link> -->
			</li>
		</ul>
		<hr>
		<router-view></router-view>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Message',
		data() {
			return {
				messageList:[
					{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
					{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
					{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
				]
			}
		},
		methods: {
			pushShow(m){
				console.log('调用了pushShow')
				this.$router.push({
					name:'detail',
					params:{
						id:m.id,
						title:m.title
					}
				})
			},
			replaceShow(m){
				console.log('调用了replaceShow')
				this.$router.replace({
					name:'detail',
					params:{
						id:m.id,
						title:m.title
					}
				})
			}
		},
	}
</script>

pages/News.vue

<template>
	<ul>
		<li :style="{opacity}">我是测试路由中钩子的例子</li>
		<li>news001 <input type="text"></li>
		<li>news002 <input type="text"></li>
		<li>news003 <input type="text"></li>
	</ul>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'News',
		data() {
			return {
				opacity:1
			}
		},
		beforeDestroy() {
			console.log('News组件即将被销毁了')
		},
		activated() {
			console.log('News组件被激活了')
			this.timer = setInterval(() => {
				this.opacity -= 0.01
				if(this.opacity <= 0) this.opacity = 1
			},16)		
		},
		deactivated() {
			console.log('News组件失活了')
			clearInterval(this.timer)
		},
	}
</script>

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