六、pygame做一个简单的俄罗斯方块游戏（基础篇1）
一、初始界面
之前的游戏都比较简单，所以代码都是面向过程的写法，这次游戏后面可能会写比较复杂（比如人机对战、联机对战、使用道具对战等），这次面向对象一点来写这个项目。
游戏的窗口设计一个专门的Panel类便于负责单个游戏窗口的管理控制。
游戏主窗口按每个方块30像素，那么宽3010=300，高是3020=600
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
import random
import pygame
class Panel(object): # 用于绘制整个游戏窗口的版面
def __init__(self,bg, position):
self._bg=bg;
self._x,self._y,self._width,self._height=position
self._bgcolor=[0,0,0]
def paint(self):
mid_x=self._x+self._width/2
pygame.draw.line(self._bg,self._bgcolor,[mid_x,self._y],[mid_x,self._y+self._height],self._width)
def run():
pygame.init()
space=40
main_panel_width=300
main_panel_height=main_panel_width*2
screencaption = pygame.display.set_caption('Tetris')
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((main_panel_width+160+space*3,main_panel_height+space*2)) #设置窗口长宽
main_panel=Panel(screen,[space,space,main_panel_width,main_panel_height])
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
exit()
screen.fill((100,100,100)) # 将界面设置为灰色
main_panel.paint() # 主面盘绘制
pygame.display.update() # 必须调用update才能看到绘图显示
run()
效果图
二、方块管理
这里首先想到方块不同种类的可以使用工厂模式，所以先定义一个基类的Block，然后不同种类的方块分别继承自这个Block类，分别有这样七种方块
class Block(object):
def __init__(self):
self.rect_arr=[]
def get_rect_arr(self): # 用于获取方块种的四个矩形列表
return self.rect_arr
def move(self,xdiff,ydiff): # 用于移动方块的方法
self.new_rect_arr=[]
for x,y in self.rect_arr:
self.new_rect_arr.append((x+xdiff,y+ydiff))
self.rect_arr=self.new_rect_arr
class LongBlock(Block):
def __init__(self, n=None): # 两种形态
super(LongBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,1)
self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),(1,3)] if n==0 else [(0,2),(1,2),(2,2),(3,2)]
class SquareBlock(Block): # 一种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(SquareBlock, self).__init__()
self.rect_arr=[(1,1),(1,2),(2,1),(2,2)]
class ZBlock(Block): # 两种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(ZBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,1)
self.rect_arr=[(2,0),(2,1),(1,1),(1,2)] if n==0 else [(0,1),(1,1),(1,2),(2,2)]
class SBlock(Block): # 两种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(SBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,1)
self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(2,1),(2,2)] if n==0 else [(0,2),(1,2),(1,1),(2,1)]
class LBlock(Block): # 四种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(LBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,3)
if n==0: self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),(2,2)]
elif n==1: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(0,2)]
elif n==2: self.rect_arr=[(0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(1,2)]
else: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(2,0)]
class JBlock(Block): # 四种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(JBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,3)
if n==0: self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),(0,2)]
elif n==1: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(0,0)]
elif n==2: self.rect_arr=[(2,0),(1,0),(1,1),(1,2)]
else: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(2,2)]
class TBlock(Block): # 四种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(TBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,3)
if n==0: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(1,2)]
elif n==1: self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),(0,1)]
elif n==2: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(1,0)]
else: self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),(2,1)]
三、创建方块和方块落下
定义一个创建方块的函数
def create_block():
n = random.randint(0,19)
if n==0: return SquareBlock(n=0)
elif n==1 or n==2: return LongBlock(n=n-1)
elif n==3 or n==4: return ZBlock(n=n-3)
elif n==5 or n==6: return SBlock(n=n-5)
elif n>=7 and n<=10: return LBlock(n=n-7)
elif n>=11 and n<=14: return JBlock(n=n-11)
else: return TBlock(n=n-15)
给Panel类加一下当前移动方块的属性，并且修改它的paint方法，将移动方块绘制
class Panel(object): # 用于绘制整个游戏窗口的版面
moving_block=None # 正在落下的方块
def __init__(self,bg, block_size, position):
self._bg=bg;
self._x,self._y,self._width,self._height=position
self._block_size=block_size
self._bgcolor=[0,0,0]
def create_move_block(self):
block = create_block()
block.move(5-2,-2) # 方块挪到中间
self.moving_block=block
def move_block(self):
self.moving_block.move(0,1)
def paint(self):
mid_x=self._x+self._width/2
pygame.draw.line(self._bg,self._bgcolor,[mid_x,self._y],[mid_x,self._y+self._height],self._width) # 用一个粗线段来填充背景
# 绘制正在落下的方块
if self.move_block:
for rect in self.moving_block.get_rect_arr():
x,y=rect
pygame.draw.line(self._bg,[0,0,255],[self._x+x*bz+bz/2,self._y+y*bz],[self._x+x*bz+bz/2,self._y+(y+1)*bz],bz)
pygame.draw.rect(self._bg,[255,255,255],[self._x+x*bz,self._y+y*bz,bz,bz],1)
主循环中创建方块并将方块调整到下落的起始位置
main_panel.create_move_block()
设定位置刷新时间
diff_ticks = 300 # 移动一次蛇头的事件，单位毫秒
ticks = pygame.time.get_ticks() + diff_ticks
在主循环中刷新当前移动方块的位置
if pygame.time.get_ticks() >= ticks:
ticks+=diff_ticks
main_panel.move_block()
当前可以看到方块下落的效果了
四、方块落地的判断
在Block类里增加一个移动判断函数，下面这个这个can_move函数可以判断方块是不是落到底部了
def can_move(self,xdiff,ydiff):
for x,y in self.rect_arr:
if y+ydiff>=20: return False
return True
修改Panel的move函数，改为
def move_block(self):
if self.moving_block is None: create_move_block()
if self.moving_block.can_move(0,1):
self.moving_block.move(0,1)
else:
self.add_block(self.moving_block)
self.create_move_block()
这里增加了一个add_block函数，用于将已经落地的方块存起来，所以Panel另外做了三处改动
1.增加一个存已落下方块的数组变量
rect_arr=[] # 已经落底下的方块
2.定义add_block函数
def add_block(self,block):
for rect in block.get_rect_arr():
self.rect_arr.append(rect)
3.在paint里进行self.rect_arr的绘制
# 绘制已经落底下的方块
bz=self._block_size
for rect in self.rect_arr:
x,y=rect
pygame.draw.line(self._bg,[0,0,255],[self._x+x*bz+bz/2,self._y+y*bz],[self._x+x*bz+bz/2,self._y+(y+1)*bz],bz)
pygame.draw.rect(self._bg,[255,255,255],[self._x+x*bz,self._y+y*bz,bz,bz],1)
现在可以看到方块会落到底部，然后新的方块落下了
贴下目前的完整程序
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
import random
import pygame
class Panel(object): # 用于绘制整个游戏窗口的版面
rect_arr=[] # 已经落底下的方块
moving_block=None # 正在落下的方块
def __init__(self,bg, block_size, position):
self._bg=bg;
self._x,self._y,self._width,self._height=position
self._block_size=block_size
self._bgcolor=[0,0,0]
def add_block(self,block):
for rect in block.get_rect_arr():
self.rect_arr.append(rect)
def create_move_block(self):
block = create_block()
block.move(5-2,-2) # 方块挪到中间
self.moving_block=block
def move_block(self):
if self.moving_block is None: create_move_block()
if self.moving_block.can_move(0,1):
self.moving_block.move(0,1)
else:
self.add_block(self.moving_block)
self.create_move_block()
def paint(self):
mid_x=self._x+self._width/2
pygame.draw.line(self._bg,self._bgcolor,[mid_x,self._y],[mid_x,self._y+self._height],self._width) # 用一个粗线段来填充背景
# 绘制已经落底下的方块
bz=self._block_size
for rect in self.rect_arr:
x,y=rect
pygame.draw.line(self._bg,[0,0,255],[self._x+x*bz+bz/2,self._y+y*bz],[self._x+x*bz+bz/2,self._y+(y+1)*bz],bz)
pygame.draw.rect(self._bg,[255,255,255],[self._x+x*bz,self._y+y*bz,bz,bz],1)
# 绘制正在落下的方块
if self.move_block:
for rect in self.moving_block.get_rect_arr():
x,y=rect
pygame.draw.line(self._bg,[0,0,255],[self._x+x*bz+bz/2,self._y+y*bz],[self._x+x*bz+bz/2,self._y+(y+1)*bz],bz)
pygame.draw.rect(self._bg,[255,255,255],[self._x+x*bz,self._y+y*bz,bz,bz],1)
class Block(object):
def __init__(self):
self.rect_arr=[]
def get_rect_arr(self): # 用于获取方块种的四个矩形列表
return self.rect_arr
def move(self,xdiff,ydiff): # 用于移动方块的方法
self.new_rect_arr=[]
for x,y in self.rect_arr:
self.new_rect_arr.append((x+xdiff,y+ydiff))
self.rect_arr=self.new_rect_arr
def can_move(self,xdiff,ydiff):
for x,y in self.rect_arr:
if y+ydiff>=20: return False
return True
class LongBlock(Block):
def __init__(self, n=None): # 两种形态
super(LongBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,1)
self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),(1,3)] if n==0 else [(0,2),(1,2),(2,2),(3,2)]
class SquareBlock(Block): # 一种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(SquareBlock, self).__init__()
self.rect_arr=[(1,1),(1,2),(2,1),(2,2)]
class ZBlock(Block): # 两种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(ZBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,1)
self.rect_arr=[(2,0),(2,1),(1,1),(1,2)] if n==0 else [(0,1),(1,1),(1,2),(2,2)]
class SBlock(Block): # 两种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(SBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,1)
self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(2,1),(2,2)] if n==0 else [(0,2),(1,2),(1,1),(2,1)]
class LBlock(Block): # 四种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(LBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,3)
if n==0: self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),(2,2)]
elif n==1: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(0,2)]
elif n==2: self.rect_arr=[(0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(1,2)]
else: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(2,0)]
class JBlock(Block): # 四种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(JBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,3)
if n==0: self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),(0,2)]
elif n==1: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(0,0)]
elif n==2: self.rect_arr=[(2,0),(1,0),(1,1),(1,2)]
else: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(2,2)]
class TBlock(Block): # 四种形态
def __init__(self, n=None):
super(TBlock, self).__init__()
if n is None: n=random.randint(0,3)
if n==0: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(1,2)]
elif n==1: self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),(0,1)]
elif n==2: self.rect_arr=[(0,1),(1,1),(2,1),(1,0)]
else: self.rect_arr=[(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),(2,1)]
def create_block():
n = random.randint(0,19)
if n==0: return SquareBlock(n=0)
elif n==1 or n==2: return LongBlock(n=n-1)
elif n==3 or n==4: return ZBlock(n=n-3)
elif n==5 or n==6: return SBlock(n=n-5)
elif n>=7 and n<=10: return LBlock(n=n-7)
elif n>=11 and n<=14: return JBlock(n=n-11)
else: return TBlock(n=n-15)
def run():
pygame.init()
space=30
main_block_size=30
main_panel_width=main_block_size*10
main_panel_height=main_block_size*20
screencaption = pygame.display.set_caption('Tetris')
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((main_panel_width+160+space*3,main_panel_height+space*2)) #设置窗口长宽
main_panel=Panel(screen,main_block_size,[space,space,main_panel_width,main_panel_height])
main_panel.create_move_block()
diff_ticks = 300 # 移动一次蛇头的事件，单位毫秒
ticks = pygame.time.get_ticks() + diff_ticks
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
exit()
screen.fill((100,100,100)) # 将界面设置为灰色
main_panel.paint() # 主面盘绘制
pygame.display.update() # 必须调用update才能看到绘图显示
if pygame.time.get_ticks() >= ticks:
ticks+=diff_ticks
main_panel.move_block()
run()
这章先写到这，下章继续