用深度学习框架的高级API提供的函数更有效地实现相同的语言模型.
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
from d2l import torch as d2l
batch_size, num_steps = 32, 35
train_iter, vocab = d2l.load_data_time_machine(batch_size, num_steps)
num_hiddens = 256
rnn_layer = nn.RNN(len(vocab), num_hiddens)
#使用张量来初始化隐状态,它的形状是(隐藏层数,批量大小,隐藏单元数)。
state = torch.zeros((1, batch_size, num_hiddens))
state.shape
#result
torch.Size([1, 32, 256])
# 通过一个隐状态和一个输入,我们就可以用更新后的隐状态计算输出。
X = torch.rand(size=(num_steps, batch_size, len(vocab)))
Y, state_new = rnn_layer(X, state)
Y.shape, state_new.shape
# result
(torch.Size([35, 32, 256]), torch.Size([1, 32, 256]))
# 定义了一个RNNModel类
#@save
class RNNModel(nn.Module):
"""循环神经网络模型"""
def __init__(self, rnn_layer, vocab_size, **kwargs):
super(RNNModel, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.rnn = rnn_layer
self.vocab_size = vocab_size
self.num_hiddens = self.rnn.hidden_size
# 如果RNN是双向的(之后将介绍),num_directions应该是2,否则应该是1
if not self.rnn.bidirectional:
self.num_directions = 1
self.linear = nn.Linear(self.num_hiddens, self.vocab_size)
else:
self.num_directions = 2
self.linear = nn.Linear(self.num_hiddens * 2, self.vocab_size)
def forward(self, inputs, state):
X = F.one_hot(inputs.T.long(), self.vocab_size)
X = X.to(torch.float32)
Y, state = self.rnn(X, state)
# 全连接层首先将Y的形状改为(时间步数*批量大小,隐藏单元数)
# 它的输出形状是(时间步数*批量大小,词表大小)。
output = self.linear(Y.reshape((-1, Y.shape[-1])))
return output, state
def begin_state(self, device, batch_size=1):
if not isinstance(self.rnn, nn.LSTM):
# nn.GRU以张量作为隐状态
return torch.zeros((self.num_directions * self.rnn.num_layers,
batch_size, self.num_hiddens),
device=device)
else:
# nn.LSTM以元组作为隐状态
return (torch.zeros((
self.num_directions * self.rnn.num_layers,
batch_size, self.num_hiddens), device=device),
torch.zeros((
self.num_directions * self.rnn.num_layers,
batch_size, self.num_hiddens), device=device))
device = d2l.try_gpu()
net = RNNModel(rnn_layer, vocab_size=len(vocab))
net = net.to(device)
d2l.predict_ch8('time traveller', 10, net, vocab, device)
num_epochs, lr = 500, 1
d2l.train_ch8(net, train_iter, vocab, lr, num_epochs, device)
# result
perplexity 1.3, 288014.3 tokens/sec on cuda:0
time travellerit s against reason and of the inghero mad alove a
travellereat so largattematiche ture copethi thele we the i
深度学习框架的高级API提供了循环神经网络层的实现。
高级API的循环神经网络层返回一个输出和一个更新后的隐状态,我们还需要计算整个模型的输出层。
相比从零开始实现的循环神经网络,使用高级API实现可以加速训练。