数学建模算法总结——02整数规划
解决整数规划问题，matlab中将变量规定为整数，可以使用割平面法或lingo。
一、割平面法
matlab代码：
function [intx,intf] = DividePlane(A,c,b,baseVector)
%功能：用割平面法求解整数规划
%调用格式：[intx,intf]=DividePlane(A,c,b,baseVector)
%其中，A：约束矩阵；
% c：目标函数系数向量；
% b：约束右端向量；
% baseVector：初始基向量；
% intx：目标函数取最小值时的自变量值；
% intf：目标函数的最小值；
sz = size(A);
nVia = sz(2);%获取有多少决策变量
n = sz(1);%获取有多少约束条件
xx = 1:nVia;
if length(baseVector) ~= n
disp('基变量的个数要与约束矩阵的行数相等！');
mx = NaN;
mf = NaN;
return;
end
M = 0;
sigma = -[transpose(c) zeros(1,(nVia-length(c)))];
xb = b;
%首先用单纯形法求出最优解
while 1
[maxs,ind] = max(sigma);
%--------------------用单纯形法求最优解--------------------------------------
if maxs <= 0 %当检验数均小于0时，求得最优解。
vr = find(c~=0 ,1,'last');
for l=1:vr
ele = find(baseVector == l,1);
if(isempty(ele))
mx(l) = 0;
else
mx(l)=xb(ele);
end
end
if max(abs(round(mx) - mx))<1.0e-7 %判断最优解是否为整数解，如果是整数解。
intx = mx;
intf = mx*c;
return;
else %如果最优解不是整数解时，构建切割方程
sz = size(A);
sr = sz(1);
sc = sz(2);
[max_x, index_x] = max(abs(round(mx) - mx));
[isB, num] = find(index_x == baseVector);
fi = xb(num) - floor(xb(num));
for i=1:(index_x-1)
Atmp(1,i) = A(num,i) - floor(A(num,i));
end
for i=(index_x+1):sc
Atmp(1,i) = A(num,i) - floor(A(num,i));
end
Atmp(1,index_x) = 0; %构建对偶单纯形法的初始表格
A = [A zeros(sr,1);-Atmp(1,:) 1];
xb = [xb;-fi];
baseVector = [baseVector sc+1];
sigma = [sigma 0];
%-------------------对偶单纯形法的迭代过程----------------------
while 1
%----------------------------------------------------------
if xb >= 0 %判断如果右端向量均大于0，求得最优解
if max(abs(round(xb) - xb))<1.0e-7 %如果用对偶单纯形法求得了整数解，则返回最优整数解
vr = find(c~=0 ,1,'last');
for l=1:vr
ele = find(baseVector == l,1);
if(isempty(ele))
mx_1(l) = 0;
else
mx_1(l)=xb(ele);
end
end
intx = mx_1;
intf = mx_1*c;
return;
else %如果对偶单纯形法求得的最优解不是整数解，继续添加切割方程
sz = size(A);
sr = sz(1);
sc = sz(2);
[max_x, index_x] = max(abs(round(mx_1) - mx_1));
[isB, num] = find(index_x == baseVector);
fi = xb(num) - floor(xb(num));
for i=1:(index_x-1)
Atmp(1,i) = A(num,i) - floor(A(num,i));
end
for i=(index_x+1):sc
Atmp(1,i) = A(num,i) - floor(A(num,i));
end
Atmp(1,index_x) = 0; %下一次对偶单纯形迭代的初始表格
A = [A zeros(sr,1);-Atmp(1,:) 1];
xb = [xb;-fi];
baseVector = [baseVector sc+1];
sigma = [sigma 0];
continue;
end
else %如果右端向量不全大于0，则进行对偶单纯形法的换基变量过程
minb_1 = inf;
chagB_1 = inf;
sA = size(A);
[br,idb] = min(xb);
for j=1:sA(2)
if A(idb,j)<0
bm = sigma(j)/A(idb,j);
if bm<minb_1
minb_1 = bm;
chagB_1 = j;
end
end
end
sigma = sigma -A(idb,:)*minb_1;
xb(idb) = xb(idb)/A(idb,chagB_1);
A(idb,:) = A(idb,:)/A(idb,chagB_1);
for i =1:sA(1)
if i ~= idb
xb(i) = xb(i)-A(i,chagB_1)*xb(idb);
A(i,:) = A(i,:) - A(i,chagB_1)*A(idb,:);
end
end
baseVector(idb) = chagB_1;
end
%------------------------------------------------------------
end
%--------------------对偶单纯形法的迭代过程---------------------
end
else %如果检验数有不小于0的，则进行单纯形算法的迭代过程
minb = inf;
chagB = inf;
for j=1:n
if A(j,ind)>0
bz = xb(j)/A(j,ind);
if bz<minb
minb = bz;
chagB = j;
end
end
end
sigma = sigma -A(chagB,:)*maxs/A(chagB,ind);
xb(chagB) = xb(chagB)/A(chagB,ind);
A(chagB,:) = A(chagB,:)/A(chagB,ind);
for i =1:n
if i ~= chagB
xb(i) = xb(i)-A(i,ind)*xb(chagB);
A(i,:) = A(i,:) - A(i,ind)*A(chagB,:);
end
end
baseVector(chagB) = ind;
end
M = M + 1;
if (M == 1000000)
disp('找不到最优解！');
mx = NaN;
minf = NaN;
return;
end
end
二、lingo
变量界定函数实现对变量取值范围的附加限制：
****1****
@gin(x)
限制x取值为整数
****2****
@bin(x)
限制x取值为0或1
****3****
@free(x)
x可以取任意实数（即x是自由变量）
****4****
@bnd(L,x,U)
限制L≤x≤U