tensorflow2.0---自定义权重构建神经网络
# 导入所需模块
import tensorflow as tf
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
# 读入数据/标签 生成x_train y_train
df = pd.read_csv('dot.csv')
x_data = np.array(df[['x1', 'x2']])
y_data = np.array(df['y_c'])
x_train = x_data
y_train = y_data.reshape(-1, 1)
#根据dot.csv中的数进行判断该点是蓝色还是红色
Y_c = [['red' if y else 'blue'] for y in y_train]
# 转换x的数据类型，否则后面矩阵相乘时会因数据类型问题报错
x_train = tf.cast(x_train, tf.float32)
y_train = tf.cast(y_train, tf.float32)
# from_tensor_slices函数切分传入的张量的第一个维度，生成相应的数据集，使输入特征和标签值一一对应
train_db = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x_train, y_train)).batch(32)
# 生成神经网络的参数，输入层为4个神经元，隐藏层为32个神经元，2层隐藏层，输出层为3个神经元
# 用tf.Variable()保证参数可训练
w1 = tf.Variable(tf.random.normal([2, 11]), dtype=tf.float32)
b1 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.01, shape=[11]))
w2 = tf.Variable(tf.random.normal([11, 1]), dtype=tf.float32)
b2 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.01, shape=[1]))
lr = 0.01 # 学习率为
epoch = 400 # 循环轮数
# 训练部分
for epoch in range(epoch):
for step, (x_train, y_train) in enumerate(train_db):
with tf.GradientTape() as tape: # 记录梯度信息
# 前向网络搭建
h1 = tf.matmul(x_train, w1) + b1 # 记录神经网络乘加运算
h1 = tf.nn.relu(h1)
y = tf.matmul(h1, w2) + b2
# 反向网络搭建
# 采用均方误差损失函数mse = mean(sum(y-out)^2)
loss_mse = tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(y_train - y))
# # 添加l2正则化
# loss_regularization = []
# # tf.nn.l2_loss(w)=sum(w ** 2) / 2，l2正则对L2范数没有开方，取了和值的一半
# loss_regularization.append(tf.nn.l2_loss(w1))
# loss_regularization.append(tf.nn.l2_loss(w2))
# loss_regularization = tf.reduce_sum(loss_regularization)
# loss = loss_mse + 0.03 * loss_regularization #REGULARIZER = 0.03
# # 计算loss对各个参数的梯度
variables = [w1, b1, w2, b2]
# 没有正则化时输入参数为loss_mse，正则化时输入参数为loss
grads = tape.gradient(loss_mse, variables)
# 实现梯度更新
# w1 = w1 - lr * w1_grad
w1.assign_sub(lr * grads[0])
b1.assign_sub(lr * grads[1])
w2.assign_sub(lr * grads[2])
b2.assign_sub(lr * grads[3])
# 每200个epoch，打印loss信息
if epoch % 20 == 0:
print('epoch:', epoch, 'loss:', float(loss_mse))
# 预测部分
print("*******predict*******")
# xx在-3到3之间以步长为0.01，yy在-3到3之间以步长0.01,生成间隔数值点
xx, yy = np.mgrid[-3:3:.1, -3:3:.1]
# 将xx, yy拉直，并合并配对为二维张量，生成二维坐标点
grid = np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()]
grid = tf.cast(grid, tf.float32)
# 将网格坐标点喂入神经网络，进行预测，probs为输出
probs = []
for x_predict in grid:
# 使用训练好的参数进行预测
h1 = tf.matmul([x_predict], w1) + b1
h1 = tf.nn.relu(h1)
y = tf.matmul(h1, w2) + b2 # y为预测结果
probs.append(y)
# 取第0列给x1，取第1列给x2
x1 = x_data[:, 0]
x2 = x_data[:, 1]
# probs的shape调整成xx的样子
probs = np.array(probs).reshape(xx.shape)
plt.scatter(x1, x2, color=np.squeeze(Y_c))
# 把坐标xx yy和对应的值probs放入contour<[‘kɑntʊr]>函数，给probs值为0.5的所有点上色 plt点show后 显示的是红蓝点的分界线
plt.contour(xx, yy, probs, levels=[.5])
plt.show()
# 读入红蓝点，画出分割线，包含正则化转载以下用来学习tensorflow构建神经网络，总觉得keras模块太过于集成了...