Ubuntu 22.04LTS静态IP配置及源更新

Ubuntu 22.04LTS静态IP配置及源更新

1、网络模式确认

注： 以下操作均基于VMWARE虚拟环境，需要确认虚拟网络配置为NAT模式。

检查方式：编辑——>虚拟网络编辑器，进入到以下页面。配置和记住当前设置的网关IP、子网掩码、IP段

2、静态IP配置

2-1、切换管理员权限

开启虚拟机，进入到terminal，切换到管理员模式：

# 执行后输入登录用户密码
sudo -i
# 初装系统root密码为随机密码，需要自行更改
passwd root
# 按照提示之后输入命令更改密码，提示successful为更新成功
# 之后登录执行以下指令直接进入管理员模式
su

2-2、修改网络配置

Ubuntu自17.10版本以来，引入了Netplan网络配置工具，通过netplan进行管理，对应的配置文件如下：

# 新安装的系统建议使用vi或nano编辑器修改文件内容，不支持vim
vi /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
nano /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

配置内容：

# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      # 该项可选，不加也可行
      optional: true
      addresses:
      # 静态IP，需要在第一节配置的IP段内
       - 192.168.31.103/24
      routes:
       - to: default
       # 网关设置，需要和第一节检查的网关一致
         via: 192.168.31.2
      nameservers:
      # 网关配置格式还可采用该格式，多个地址采用英文逗号相隔
      # addresses: [114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8]
        addresses:
          - 114.114.114.114
          - 8.8.8.8
        search:
          - localhost
          - local
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

2-3、生效配置

# 测试配置；正常如下
sudo netplan try

# 应用配置：不报错即可
sudo netplan apply

检查是否生效：

ip addr

连通性检查：

ping www.baidu.com

2-4、常用工具安装

在系统使用过程中有一些工具为常用工具，建议安装，如vim、net-tools（对应ifconfig指令）、curl。该部分内容自行参考安装。

# vim编辑器，vi的升级版
apt install vim -y
# ifconfig、netstat命令工具
apt install net-tools -y
# web服务器请求工具
apt install curl -y
# 执行以下指令一键安装
apt install vim -y;apt install net-tools -y;apt install curl -y

3、镜像源更新

3-1、可用源列表

注： 不同系统版本设定的源不同，以下针对22.04版本。

1）清华源

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

2）阿里源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3）中科大源

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

4）网易源

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3-2、更新源

将原来的源文件进行备份：

mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

新建源文件：

# 填入上一节的任意一项可用源，之后执行Esc : 输入wq保存退出
vi /etc/apt/sources.list

更新软件源：

apt update -y

至此，配置完成，以上为个人经验总结和分享，如有错误欢迎指正，觉得有用的小伙伴可以点个赞或收藏鼓励一下哟~