2019-01-07

和Kara采购礼物

和吴未逛诚品，他送了我一本书《深圳人》，他希望我能享受我再深圳的生活。

亚里士多德如此尖刻地批判柏拉图，是因为他意识到自己受益于老师太多。其最富独创性的贡献 —— 三段论学说，就体现了其受益于老师迷恋抽象和普遍性的特性。

Aristotle and Greek Science

III. The Foundation of Logic

A hostile commentator might remark that Aristotle (like Nietzsche) criticizes Plato so keenly because he is conscious of having borrowed from him generously; no man is a hero to his debtors. But Aristotle has a healthy attitude, nevertheless; he is a realist almost in the modern sense; he is resolved to concern himself with the objective present, while Plato is absorbed in a subjective future. There was, in the Socratic-Platonic demand for definitions, a tendency away from things and facts to theories and ideas, from particulars to generalities, from science to scholasticism; at last Plato became so devoted to generalities that they began to determine his particulars, so devoted to ideas that they began to define or select his facts. Aristotle preaches a return to things, to the "unwithered face of nature" and reality; he had a lusty preference for the concrete particular, for the flesh and blood individual. But Plato so loved the general and universal that in the Republic he destroyed the individual to make a perfect state.

Yet, as is the usual humor of history, the young warrior takes over many of the qualities of the old master whom he assails. We have always goodly stock in us of that which we condemn: as only similars can be profitably contrasted, so only similar people quarrel, and the bitterest wars are over the slightest variations of purpose or belief. The knightly Crusaders found in Saladin a gentleman with whom they could quarrel amicably; but when the Christians of Europe broke into hostile camps there was no quarter for even the courtliest foe. Aristotle is so ruthless with Plato because there is so much of Plato in him; he too remains a lover of abstractions and generalities, repeatedly betraying the simple fact for some speciously bedizened theory, and compelled to a continuous struggle to conquer his philosophic passion for exploring the empyrean.

▍语言点

hostile: adj. 有敌意的；恶意的

generality: n. 概论

unwithered: adj. 未枯萎的

lusty: adj. 欲望强烈的

preference: n. 倾向

concrete: adj. 具体的

assail: vt. 攻击

goodly: adj. 相当大的；相当多的

profitably: adv. 有利地；有益地

slightest variation: 细小的差别

Crusader: n. 十字军

speciously: adv. 华而不实地

bedizened: adj. 镀漆的

compel: vt. 迫使

empyrean: n. 九天之上