iOS蓝牙开发

CoreBluetooth详解

CoreBluetooth框架的核心其实是两个东西,peripheral和central, 可以理解成外设和中心。

图中两组api分别对应不同的业务场景,左侧叫做中心模式,就是以你的app作为中心,连接其他的外设的场景,而右侧称为外设模式,使用手机作为外设别其他中心设备操作的场景

image

关于蓝牙开发的一些重要的理论概念:

  1、服务(services):蓝牙外设对外广播的时候一定会有一个服务,有些时候也可以是有多个服务,服务下面包含一些特性,服务可以理解成一个模块的窗口;
  2、特征(characteristic):特征存在于服务下面的,一个服务下面可以有多个特征,特征可以理解成具体实现功能的窗口,一般的特性都会有value,也就是特征值,是特征和外界交互的最小单位;
  3、UUID:蓝牙上的唯一标示符,为了区分不同设备、服务及特征,就用UUID来表示。

CBCentralMannager 中心模式

以手机(app)作为中心,连接其他外设的场景。详细流程如下:

步骤1.建立一个Central Manager实例进行蓝牙管理

步骤2.搜索外围设备

步骤3.连接外围设备

步骤4.获得外围设备的服务

步骤5.获得服务的特征

步奏6.从外围设备读数据(直接读取和订阅两种方法)

步骤7.给外围设备发送数据

#import "ViewController.h"
#import 
#define kPeripheralName @"Kenshin Cui's Device" //外围设备名称
#define kServiceUUID @"C4FB2349-72FE-4CA2-94D6-1F3CB16331EE" //服务的UUID
#define kCharacteristicUUID @"6A3E4B28-522D-4B3B-82A9-D5E2004534FC" //特征的UUID

@interface ViewController ()

@property (strong,nonatomic) CBPeripheralManager *peripheralManager;//外围设备管理器

@property (strong,nonatomic) NSMutableArray *centralM;//订阅此外围设备特征的中心设备

@property (strong,nonatomic) CBMutableCharacteristic *characteristicM;//特征
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextView *log; //日志记录

@end
@implementation ViewController
#pragma mark - 控制器视图事件
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
}

#pragma mark - UI事件
- (IBAction)startClick:(UIBarButtonItem *)sender {
    //创建中心设备管理器并设置当前控制器视图为代理
    _centralManager=[[CBCentralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:nil];
}

#pragma mark - CBCentralManager代理方法
//中心服务器状态更新后
-(void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{
    switch (central.state) {
        case CBPeripheralManagerStatePoweredOn:
            NSLog(@"BLE已打开.");
            [self writeToLog:@"BLE已打开."];
            //扫描外围设备
//            [central scanForPeripheralsWithServices:@[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kServiceUUID]] options:@{CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey:@YES}];
            [central scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:@{CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey:@YES}];
            break;

        default:
            NSLog(@"此设备不支持BLE或未打开蓝牙功能,无法作为外围设备.");
            [self writeToLog:@"此设备不支持BLE或未打开蓝牙功能,无法作为外围设备."];
            break;
    }
}
/**
 *  发现外围设备
 *
 *  @param central           中心设备
 *  @param peripheral        外围设备
 *  @param advertisementData 特征数据
 *  @param RSSI              信号质量(信号强度)
 */
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
    NSLog(@"发现外围设备...");
    [self writeToLog:@"发现外围设备..."];
    //停止扫描
    [self.centralManager stopScan];
    //连接外围设备
    if (peripheral) {
        //添加保存外围设备,注意如果这里不保存外围设备(或者说peripheral没有一个强引用,无法到达连接成功(或失败)的代理方法,因为在此方法调用完就会被销毁
        if(![self.peripherals containsObject:peripheral]){
            [self.peripherals addObject:peripheral];
        }
        NSLog(@"开始连接外围设备...");
        [self writeToLog:@"开始连接外围设备..."];
        [self.centralManager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
    }

}
//连接到外围设备
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{
    NSLog(@"连接外围设备成功!");
    [self writeToLog:@"连接外围设备成功!"];
    //设置外围设备的代理为当前视图控制器
    peripheral.delegate=self;
    //外围设备开始寻找服务
    [peripheral discoverServices:@[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kServiceUUID]]];
}
//连接外围设备失败
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{
    NSLog(@"连接外围设备失败!");
    [self writeToLog:@"连接外围设备失败!"];
}

#pragma mark - CBPeripheral 代理方法
//外围设备寻找到服务后
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
    NSLog(@"已发现可用服务...");
    [self writeToLog:@"已发现可用服务..."];
    if(error){
        NSLog(@"外围设备寻找服务过程中发生错误,错误信息:%@",error.localizedDescription);
        [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"外围设备寻找服务过程中发生错误,错误信息:%@",error.localizedDescription]];
    }
    //遍历查找到的服务
    CBUUID *serviceUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kServiceUUID];
    CBUUID *characteristicUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kCharacteristicUUID];
    for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
        if([service.UUID isEqual:serviceUUID]){
            //外围设备查找指定服务中的特征
            [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:@[characteristicUUID] forService:service];
        }
    }
}
//外围设备寻找到特征后
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{
    NSLog(@"已发现可用特征...");
    [self writeToLog:@"已发现可用特征..."];
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"外围设备寻找特征过程中发生错误,错误信息:%@",error.localizedDescription);
        [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"外围设备寻找特征过程中发生错误,错误信息:%@",error.localizedDescription]];
    }
    //遍历服务中的特征
    CBUUID *serviceUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kServiceUUID];
    CBUUID *characteristicUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kCharacteristicUUID];
    if ([service.UUID isEqual:serviceUUID]) {
        for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics) {
            if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:characteristicUUID]) {
                //情景一:通知
                /*找到特征后设置外围设备为已通知状态(订阅特征):
                 *1.调用此方法会触发代理方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
                 *2.调用此方法会触发外围设备的订阅代理方法
                 */
                [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
                //情景二:读取
//                [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic];
//                    if(characteristic.value){
//                    NSString *value=[[NSString alloc]initWithData:characteristic.value encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
//                    NSLog(@"读取到特征值:%@",value);
//                }
            }
        }
    }
}
//特征值被更新后
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
    NSLog(@"收到特征更新通知...");
    [self writeToLog:@"收到特征更新通知..."];
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"更新通知状态时发生错误,错误信息:%@",error.localizedDescription);
    }
    //给特征值设置新的值
    CBUUID *characteristicUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kCharacteristicUUID];
    if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:characteristicUUID]) {
        if (characteristic.isNotifying) {
            if (characteristic.properties==CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify) {
                NSLog(@"已订阅特征通知.");
                [self writeToLog:@"已订阅特征通知."];
                return;
            }else if (characteristic.properties ==CBCharacteristicPropertyRead) {
                //从外围设备读取新值,调用此方法会触发代理方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
                [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic];
            }

        }else{
            NSLog(@"停止已停止.");
            [self writeToLog:@"停止已停止."];
            //取消连接
            [self.centralManager cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
        }
    }
}
//更新特征值后(调用readValueForCharacteristic:方法或者外围设备在订阅后更新特征值都会调用此代理方法)
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"更新特征值时发生错误,错误信息:%@",error.localizedDescription);
        [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"更新特征值时发生错误,错误信息:%@",error.localizedDescription]];
        return;
    }
    if (characteristic.value) {
        NSString *value=[[NSString alloc]initWithData:characteristic.value encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
        NSLog(@"读取到特征值:%@",value);
        [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"读取到特征值:%@",value]];
    }else{
        NSLog(@"未发现特征值.");
        [self writeToLog:@"未发现特征值."];
    }
}

#pragma mark - 属性
-(NSMutableArray *)peripherals{
   if(!_peripherals){
       _peripherals=[NSMutableArray array];
   }
   return _peripherals;
}

#pragma mark - 私有方法
/**
 *  记录日志
 *
 *  @param info 日志信息
 */
-(void)writeToLog:(NSString *)info{
    self.log.text=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\r\n%@",self.log.text,info];
}

@end

CBPeripheralManager 外设模式

使用手机作为外设连接其他中心设备操作的场景。
PS:因为苹果设备的安全性和封闭性,苹果设备不能通过与其他设备蓝牙链接进行文件传输等功能,所以在iOS与蓝牙开发的编程中是CBCentralMannager 中心模式编程居多.

1 建立外设角色
2 设置本地外设的服务和特征
3 发布外设和特征
4 广播服务
5 响应中心的读写请求
6 发送更新的特征值,订阅中心

#import "ViewController.h"
#import 
#define kServiceUUID @"C4FB2349-72FE-4CA2-94D6-1F3CB16331EE" //服务的UUID
#define kCharacteristicUUID @"6A3E4B28-522D-4B3B-82A9-D5E2004534FC" //特征的UUID

@interface ViewController ()

@property (strong,nonatomic) CBCentralManager *centralManager;//中心设备管理器
@property (strong,nonatomic) NSMutableArray *peripherals;//连接的外围设备
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextView *log;//日志记录

@end
@implementation ViewController
#pragma mark - 视图控制器方法
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
}

#pragma mark - UI事件
//创建外围设备
- (IBAction)startClick:(UIBarButtonItem *)sender {
    _peripheralManager=[[CBPeripheralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:nil];
}
//更新数据
- (IBAction)transferClick:(UIBarButtonItem *)sender {
    [self updateCharacteristicValue];
}

#pragma mark - CBPeripheralManager代理方法
//外围设备状态发生变化后调用
-(void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral{
    switch (peripheral.state) {
        case CBPeripheralManagerStatePoweredOn:
            NSLog(@"BLE已打开.");
            [self writeToLog:@"BLE已打开."];
            //添加服务
            [self setupService];
            break;

        default:
            NSLog(@"此设备不支持BLE或未打开蓝牙功能,无法作为外围设备.");
            [self writeToLog:@"此设备不支持BLE或未打开蓝牙功能,无法作为外围设备."];
            break;
    }
}
//外围设备添加服务后调用
-(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didAddService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"向外围设备添加服务失败,错误详情:%@",error.localizedDescription);
        [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"向外围设备添加服务失败,错误详情:%@",error.localizedDescription]];
        return;
    }

    //添加服务后开始广播
    NSDictionary *dic=@{CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey:kPeripheralName};//广播设置
    [self.peripheralManager startAdvertising:dic];//开始广播
    NSLog(@"向外围设备添加了服务并开始广播...");
    [self writeToLog:@"向外围设备添加了服务并开始广播..."];
}
-(void)peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertising:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"启动广播过程中发生错误,错误信息:%@",error.localizedDescription);
        [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"启动广播过程中发生错误,错误信息:%@",error.localizedDescription]];
        return;
    }
    NSLog(@"启动广播...");
    [self writeToLog:@"启动广播..."];
}
//订阅特征
-(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didSubscribeToCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
    NSLog(@"中心设备:%@ 已订阅特征:%@.",central,characteristic);
    [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"中心设备:%@ 已订阅特征:%@.",central.identifier.UUIDString,characteristic.UUID]];
    //发现中心设备并存储
    if (![self.centralM containsObject:central]) {
        [self.centralM addObject:central];
    }
    /*中心设备订阅成功后外围设备可以更新特征值发送到中心设备,一旦更新特征值将会触发中心设备的代理方法:
     -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
     */

//    [self updateCharacteristicValue];
}
//取消订阅特征
-(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
    NSLog(@"didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic");
}
-(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(CBATTRequest *)request{
    NSLog(@"didReceiveWriteRequests");
}
-(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral willRestoreState:(NSDictionary *)dict{
    NSLog(@"willRestoreState");
}
#pragma mark -属性
-(NSMutableArray *)centralM{
    if (!_centralM) {
        _centralM=[NSMutableArray array];
    }
    return _centralM;
}

#pragma mark - 私有方法
//创建特征、服务并添加服务到外围设备
-(void)setupService{
    /*1.创建特征*/
    //创建特征的UUID对象
    CBUUID *characteristicUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kCharacteristicUUID];
    //特征值
//    NSString *valueStr=kPeripheralName;
//    NSData *value=[valueStr dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    //创建特征
    /** 参数
     * uuid:特征标识
     * properties:特征的属性,例如:可通知、可写、可读等
     * value:特征值
     * permissions:特征的权限
     */
    CBMutableCharacteristic *characteristicM=[[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc]initWithType:characteristicUUID properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify value:nil permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable];
    self.characteristicM=characteristicM;
//    CBMutableCharacteristic *characteristicM=[[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc]initWithType:characteristicUUID properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyRead value:nil permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable];
//    characteristicM.value=value;

    /*创建服务并且设置特征*/
    //创建服务UUID对象
    CBUUID *serviceUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kServiceUUID];
    //创建服务
    CBMutableService *serviceM=[[CBMutableService alloc]initWithType:serviceUUID primary:YES];
    //设置服务的特征
    [serviceM setCharacteristics:@[characteristicM]];

    /*将服务添加到外围设备*/
    [self.peripheralManager addService:serviceM];
}
//更新特征值
-(void)updateCharacteristicValue{
    //特征值
    NSString *valueStr=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ --%@",kPeripheralName,[NSDate   date]];
    NSData *value=[valueStr dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    //更新特征值
    [self.peripheralManager updateValue:value forCharacteristic:self.characteristicM onSubscribedCentrals:nil];
    [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"更新特征值:%@",valueStr]];
}
/**
 *  记录日志
 *
 *  @param info 日志信息
 */
-(void)writeToLog:(NSString *)info{
    self.log.text=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\r\n%@",self.log.text,info];
}
@end

蓝牙连接发送数据的流程图

16a2962d7ce67281.png

lightblue怎么用

OTA(空中升级)

将手机作为外围设备开发

iOS浅析蓝牙设备之服务器(外围设备)

APP被作为外设

遇到的坑

截屏2019-10-2315.57.54.png

所以得知道 设备广播的的UUID
或者用下面代码搜索蓝牙

 [self.centralManager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];

一般蓝牙连接失败我们会实现以下方法

// 连接失败(但不包含超时,系统没有超时处理)
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error {
    if (error && self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(centralTool:connectFailure:)]) {
        [self.delegate centralTool:self connectFailure:error];
    }
}

- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
    [self autoConnect];
}

但是当广播设备的蓝牙断开再想重连的话还要实现下面这个方法

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didModifyServices:(NSArray *)invalidatedServices{

    [self.centralManager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
      // 注意保留 Peripheral 的引用
    self.lastConnectedPeripheral = peripheral;
    [self startTimer];
}

只有这样才能实现断开蓝牙重开蓝牙秒连

另外,有时候要提高搜索效率的话,可以过滤蓝牙的名字

    NSString *name = peripheral.name;
       if (name.length == 0) {
           return;
       }
       NSLog(@"name ===  %@",name);
       
       NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"已发现 peripheral: %@ rssi: %@, UUID: %@ advertisementData: %@ ", peripheral, RSSI, peripheral.identifier, advertisementData];
       NSLog(@"string ==  %@",string);
    


       if ([name rangeOfString:@"Berry"].location == NSNotFound) {
           return;
       }
    
   
//    NSString *kCBAdvDataLocalName = [advertisementData objectForKey:CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey];
//    if ([kCBAdvDataLocalName rangeOfString:@"Berry"].location == NSNotFound) {
//             return;
//         }

不过要注意 上文代码中的name 和 kCBAdvDataLocalName 是不同的
一个是蓝牙设备的名字, 一个是广播的名字

//添加服务后开始广播
//广播设置
    NSDictionary *dic=@{CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey:MyDeviceName,CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey:@[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:@"FFE0"]]};
//广播设置
    [self.peripheralManager startAdvertising:dic];//开始广播

第一个坑中设置UUID找不到的问题就是,需要在上述代码中设置UUID
网上找的大部分资料都是关于如何设置中心设备的,外设的比较少,所以这里容易出错

不过,如果这块都设置了,对于快速精准找到目标蓝牙服务是大有裨益的,也会减少耗电量,提高响应速度等等。

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