用opencv完成身份证识别

from imutils import contours
import numpy as np
import cv2
import myutils

# 指定信用卡类型
FIRST_NUMBER = {
    "3": "American Express",
    "4": "Visa",
    "5": "MasterCard",
    "6": "Discover Card"
}

template = cv2.imread("./images/ocr_a_reference.png")
image = cv2.imread("./images/credit_card_01.png")


# 绘图展示
def cv_show(name, img):
    cv2.imshow(name, img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()


# 读取一个模板图像
img = cv2.imread("./images/ocr_a_reference.png")
cv_show('img', img)

ref = cv2.cvtColor(template, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)  # 灰度图
cv_show('ref', ref)
ref = cv2.threshold(ref, 10, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)[1]  # 二值 cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV   像素灰度值小于阈值全为255,大于阈值全为0
cv_show('ref', ref)
refCnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(ref.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
                                      cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)  # 计算轮廓cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL外轮廓
cv2.drawContours(img, refCnts, -1, (0, 0, 255), 3)  # 画出轮廓在原图
cv_show('img', img)
print(np.array(refCnts).shape)
refCnts = myutils.sort_contours(refCnts, method="left-to-right")[0]  # 排序，从左到右，从上到下
digits = {}

# 遍历每一个轮廓
for (i, c) in enumerate(refCnts):
    # 计算外接矩形并且resize成合适大小

    (x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
    roi = ref[y:y + h, x:x + w]  # 画出外接矩形
    roi = cv2.resize(roi, (57, 88))

    # 每一个数字对应每一个模板
    digits[i] = roi

# 初始化卷积核
rectKernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (9, 3))
sqKernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (5, 5))

# 读取输入图像，预处理

cv_show('image', image)
image = myutils.resize(image, width=300)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv_show('gray', gray)

# 礼帽操作，突出更明亮的区域
tophat = cv2.morphologyEx(gray, cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT, rectKernel)
cv_show('tophat', tophat)

# 计算梯度
gradX = cv2.Sobel(tophat, ddepth=cv2.CV_32F, dx=1, dy=0,  # ksize=-1相当于用3*3的
                  ksize=-1)

# 梯度的归一化
gradX = np.absolute(gradX)
(minVal, maxVal) = (np.min(gradX), np.max(gradX))
gradX = (255 * ((gradX - minVal) / (maxVal - minVal)))
gradX = gradX.astype("uint8")

print(np.array(gradX).shape)
cv_show('gradX', gradX)

# 通过闭操作（先膨胀，再腐蚀）将数字连在一起
gradX = cv2.morphologyEx(gradX, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, rectKernel)
cv_show('gradX', gradX)
# THRESH_OTSU会自动寻找合适的阈值，适合双峰，需把阈值参数设置为0
thresh = cv2.threshold(gradX, 0, 255,
                       cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]
cv_show('thresh', thresh)

# 再来一个闭操作

thresh = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, sqKernel)  # 再来一个闭操作
cv_show('thresh', thresh)

# 计算轮廓

threshCnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
                                         cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

cnts = threshCnts
cur_img = image.copy()
cv2.drawContours(cur_img, cnts, -1, (0, 0, 255), 3)
cv_show('img', cur_img)
locs = []

# 遍历轮廓
for (i, c) in enumerate(cnts):
    # 计算矩形
    (x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
    ar = w / float(h)

    # 选择合适的区域，根据实际任务来，这里的基本都是四个数字一组
    if ar > 2.5 and ar < 4.0:

        if (w > 40 and w < 55) and (h > 10 and h < 20):
            # 符合的留下来
            locs.append((x, y, w, h))

# 将符合的轮廓从左到右排序
locs = sorted(locs, key=lambda x: x[0])
output = []

# 遍历每一个轮廓中的数字
for (i, (gX, gY, gW, gH)) in enumerate(locs):
    # initialize the list of group digits
    groupOutput = []

    # 根据坐标提取每一个组
    group = gray[gY - 5:gY + gH + 5, gX - 5:gX + gW + 5]
    cv_show('group', group)
    # 预处理
    group = cv2.threshold(group, 0, 255,
                          cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]
    cv_show('group', group)
    # 计算每一组的轮廓
    digitCnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(group.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
                                            cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
    digitCnts = contours.sort_contours(digitCnts,
                                       method="left-to-right")[0]

    # 计算每一组中的每一个数值
    for c in digitCnts:
        # 找到当前数值的轮廓，resize成合适的的大小
        (x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
        roi = group[y:y + h, x:x + w]
        roi = cv2.resize(roi, (57, 88))
        cv_show('roi', roi)

        # 计算匹配得分
        scores = []

        # 在模板中计算每一个得分
        for (digit, digitROI) in digits.items():
            # 模板匹配
            result = cv2.matchTemplate(roi, digitROI,
                                       cv2.TM_CCOEFF)
            (_, score, _, _) = cv2.minMaxLoc(result)
            scores.append(score)

        # 得到最合适的数字
        groupOutput.append(str(np.argmax(scores)))

    # 画出来
    cv2.rectangle(image, (gX - 5, gY - 5),
                  (gX + gW + 5, gY + gH + 5), (0, 0, 255), 1)
    cv2.putText(image, "".join(groupOutput), (gX, gY - 15),
                cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.65, (0, 0, 255), 2)

    # 得到结果
    output.extend(groupOutput)

# 打印结果
print("Credit Card Type: {}".format(FIRST_NUMBER[output[0]]))
print("Credit Card #: {}".format("".join(output)))
cv2.imshow("Image", image)
cv2.waitKey(0)

原图

最后结果