selenium启动配置参数接收是ChromeOptions类，创建方式如下：
from selenium import webdriver
option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
添加启动参数
option.add_argument()添加扩展应用
option.add_extension()
option.add_encoded_extension()添加实验性质的设置参数
option.add_experimental_option()设置调试器地址
option.debugger_address()
常用配置参数：
from selenium import webdriver
option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# 添加UA
options.add_argument('user-agent="MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1"')
# 指定浏览器分辨率
options.add_argument('window-size=1920x3000')
# 谷歌文档提到需要加上这个属性来规避bug
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
# 隐藏滚动条, 应对一些特殊页面
options.add_argument('--hide-scrollbars')
# 不加载图片, 提升速度
options.add_argument('blink-settings=imagesEnabled=false')
# 浏览器不提供可视化页面. linux下如果系统不支持可视化不加这条会启动失败
options.add_argument('--headless')
# 以最高权限运行
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
# 手动指定使用的浏览器位置
options.binary_location = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"
#添加crx插件
option.add_extension('d:\crx\AdBlock_v2.17.crx')
# 禁用JavaScript
option.add_argument("--disable-javascript")
# 设置开发者模式启动，该模式下webdriver属性为正常值
options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])
# 禁用浏览器弹窗
prefs = {
'profile.default_content_setting_values' : {
'notifications' : 2
}
}
options.add_experimental_option('prefs',prefs)
driver=webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
其他配置项目参数:
-user-data-dir=”[PATH]”
# 指定用户文件夹User Data路径，可以把书签这样的用户数据保存在系统分区以外的分区
-disk-cache-dir=”[PATH]“
# 指定缓存Cache路径
-disk-cache-size=
# 指定Cache大小，单位Byte
-first run
# 重置到初始状态，第一次运行
-incognito
# 隐身模式启动
-disable-javascript
# 禁用Javascript
--omnibox-popup-count="num"
# 将地址栏弹出的提示菜单数量改为num个
--user-agent="xxxxxxxx"
# 修改HTTP请求头部的Agent字符串，可以通过about:version页面查看修改效果
--disable-plugins
# 禁止加载所有插件，可以增加速度。可以通过about:plugins页面查看效果
--disable-javascript
# 禁用JavaScript，如果觉得速度慢在加上这个
--disable-java
# 禁用java
--start-maximized
# 启动就最大化
--no-sandbox
# 取消沙盒模式
--single-process
# 单进程运行
--process-per-tab
# 每个标签使用单独进程
--process-per-site
# 每个站点使用单独进程
--in-process-plugins
# 插件不启用单独进程
--disable-popup-blocking
# 禁用弹出拦截
--disable-plugins
# 禁用插件
--disable-images
# 禁用图像
--incognito
# 启动进入隐身模式
--enable-udd-profiles
# 启用账户切换菜单
--proxy-pac-url
# 使用pac代理 [via 1/2]
--lang=zh-CN
# 设置语言为简体中文
--disk-cache-dir
# 自定义缓存目录
--disk-cache-size
# 自定义缓存最大值（单位byte）
--media-cache-size
# 自定义多媒体缓存最大值（单位byte）
--bookmark-menu
# 在工具 栏增加一个书签按钮
--enable-sync
# 启用书签同步
样例
class qqqqqqqqq:
def init_driver(self):
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
script = '''Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {get: () => undefined})'''
self.driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", {"source": script})
self.driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Network.enable", {})
self.driver.implicitly_wait(0.1)
self.driver.maximize_window()
–disable-hang-monitor
Suppresses hang monitor dialogs in renderer processes.
–disable-metrics
Completely disables UMA metrics system.
–disable-metrics-reporting
Disables only the sending of metrics reports. In contrast to kDisableMetrics, this executes all the code that a normal client would use for reporting, except the report is dropped rather than sent to the server. This is useful for finding issues in the metrics code during UI and performance tests.
–assert-test
Causes the browser process to throw an assertion on startup.
–renderer-assert-test
Causes the renderer process to throw an assertion on launch.
–crash-test
Performs a crash test when the browser is starte.
–renderer-crash-test
Causes the renderer process to crash on launch.
–renderer-startup-dialog
Use this argument when you want to see the child processes as soon as Chrome start.
–plugin-startup-dialog
Causes the plugin process to display a dialog on launch.
–testshell-startup-dialog
Causes the test shell process to display a dialog on launch.
–plugin-launcher
Specifies a command that should be used to launch the plugin process. Useful
for running the plugin process through purify or quantify. Ex:
–plugin-launcher=”path\to\purify /Run=yes.
–plugin-launche.
–channel
The value of this switch tells the child process which
IPC channel the browser expects to use to communicate with it.
–testing-channel
The value of this switch tells the app to listen for and broadcast
testing-related messages on IPC channel with the given ID.
–homepage
The value of this switch specifies which page will be displayed
in newly-opened tabs. We need this for testing purposes so
that the UI tests don’t depend on what comes up for http://google.com.
–start-renderers-manually
When this switch is present, the browser will throw up a dialog box
asking the user to start a renderer process independently rather
than launching the renderer itself. (This is useful for debugging..
–renderer
Causes the process to run as renderer instead of as browser.
–renderer-path
Path to the executable to run for the renderer subproces.
–plugin
Causes the process to run as plugin hos.
–single-process
Runs the renderer and plugins in the same process as the browse.
–process-per-tab
Runs each set of script-connected tabs (i.e., a BrowsingInstance) in its own
renderer process. We default to using a renderer process for each
site instance (i.e., group of pages from the same registered domain with
script connections to each other).
–process-per-site
Runs a single process for each site (i.e., group of pages from the same
registered domain) the user visits. We default to using a renderer process
for each site instance (i.e., group of pages from the same registered
domain with script connections to each other).
–in-process-plugins
Runs plugins inside the renderer proces.
–no-sandbox
Runs the renderer outside the sandbox.
–safe-plugins
Runs the plugin processes inside the sandbox.
–trusted-plugins
Excludes these plugins from the plugin sandbox.
This is a comma separated list of plugin dlls name and activex clsid.
–test-sandbox
Runs the security test for the sandbox.
–user-data-dir
Specifies the user data directory, which is where the browser will look
for all of its state.
–app
Specifies that the associated value should be launched in “application” mode.
–upload-file
Specifies the file that should be uploaded to the provided application. This
switch is expected to be used with –app option.
–dom-automation
Specifies if the dom_automation_controller_ needs to be bound in the
renderer. This binding happens on per-frame basis and hence can potentially
be a performance bottleneck. One should only enable it when automating
dom based tests.
–plugin-path
Tells the plugin process the path of the plugin to loa.
–js-flags
Specifies the flags passed to JS engin.
–geoid
The GeoID we should use. This is normally obtained from the operating system
during first run and cached in the preferences afterwards. This is a numeric
value; see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms776390.aspx .
–lang
The language file that we want to try to open. Of the form
language[-country] where language is the 2 letter code from ISO-639.
–debug-children
Will add kDebugOnStart to every child processes. If a value is passed, it
will be used as a filter to determine if the child process should have the
kDebugOnStart flag passed on or not.
–debug-on-start
Causes the process to start the JIT debugger on itself (mainly used by –debug-children.
–wait-for-debugger-children
Will add kWaitForDebugger to every child processes. If a value is passed, it
will be used as a filter to determine if the child process should have the
kWaitForDebugger flag passed on or not.
–wait-for-debugger
Waits for a debugger for 60 second.
–log-filter-prefix
Will filter log messages to show only the messages that are prefixed
with the specified valu.
–enable-logging
Force logging to be enabled. Logging is disabled by default in release
builds.
–dump-histograms-on-exit
Dump any accumualted histograms to the log when browser terminates (requires
logging to be enabled to really do anything). Used by developers and test
scripts.
–disable-logging
Force logging to be disabled. Logging is enabled by default in debug
builds.
–log-level
Sets the minimum log level. Valid values are from 0 to 3:
INFO = 0, WARNING = 1, LOG_ERROR = 2, LOG_FATAL = 3.
–remote-shell-port
Enable remote debug / automation shell on the specified por.
–uninstall
Runs un-installation steps that were done by chrome first-run.
–omnibox-popup-count
Number of entries to show in the omnibox popup.
–uninstallomnibox-popup-count
Removes the previous set suggestion coun.
–automation-channel
The value of this switch tells the app to listen for and broadcast
automation-related messages on IPC channel with the given ID.
–restore-last-session
Indicates the last session should be restored on startup. This overrides
the preferences value and is primarily intended for testing.
–record-mode
–playback-mode
Chrome supports a playback and record mode. Record mode saves *everything*
to the cache. Playback mode reads data exclusively from the cache. This
allows us to record a session into the cache and then replay it at will.
–no-events
Don’t record/playback events when using record & playback.
–hide-icons
–show-icons
Make Windows happy by allowing it to show “Enable access to this program”
checkbox in Add/Remove Programs->Set Program Access and Defaults. This
only shows an error box because the only way to hide Chrome is by
uninstalling it.
–make-default-browser
Make Chrome default browse.
–proxy-server
Use a specified proxy server, overrides system settings. This switch only
affects HTTP and HTTPS requests.
–dns-log-details
–dns-prefetch-disable
Chrome will support prefetching of DNS information. Until this becomes
the default, we’ll provide a command line switch.
–debug-print
Enables support to debug printing subsystem.
–allow-all-activex
Allow initialization of all activex controls. This is only to help website
developers test their controls to see if they are compatible in Chrome.
Note there’s a duplicate value in activex_shared.cc (to avoid
dependency on chrome module). Please change both locations at the same time.
–disable-dev-tools
Browser flag to disable the web inspector for all renderers.
–always-enable-dev-tools
Enable web inspector for all windows, even if they’re part of the browser.
Allows us to use our dev tools to debug browser windows itself.
–memory-model
Configure Chrome’s memory model.
Does chrome really need multiple memory models? No. But we get a lot
of concerns from individuals about how the changes work on *their*
system, and we need to be able to experiment with a few choices.
–tab-count-to-load-on-session-restore
Used to set the value of SessionRestore::num_tabs_to_load_. See session_restore.h for details.
const wchar_t kTabCountToLoadOnSessionRestore[] .
–memory-profile
Enable dynamic loading of the Memory Profiler DLL, which will trace
all memory allocations during the run.
–enable-file-cookies
By default, cookies are not allowed on file://. They are needed in for
testing, for example page cycler and layout tests. See bug 1157243.
–start-maximized
Start the browser maximized, regardless of any previous settings.
TODO(pjohnson): Remove this once bug 1137420 is fixed. We are using this
as a workaround for not being able to use moveTo and resizeTo on a
top-level window.
–enable-watchdog
Spawn threads to watch for excessive delays in specified message loops.
User should set breakpoints on Alarm() to examine problematic thread.
Usage: -enable-watchdog=[ui][io]
Order of the listed sub-arguments does not matter.
–first-run
Display the First Run experience when the browser is started, regardless of
whether or not it’s actually the first run.
–message-loop-strategy
–message-loop-histogrammer
Enable histograming of tasks served by MessageLoop. See about:histograms/Loop
for results, which show frequency of messages on each thread, including APC
count, object signalling count, etc.
–import
Perform importing from another browser. The value associated with this
setting encodes the target browser and what items to import.
–silent-dump-on-dcheck
Change the DCHECKS to dump memory and continue instead of crashing.
This is valid only in Release mode when –enable-dcheck is specified.
–disable-prompt-on-repost
Normally when the user attempts to navigate to a page that was the result of
a post we prompt to make sure they want to. This switch may be used to
disable that check. This switch is used during automated testing.
–disable-popup-blocking
Disable pop-up blocking.
–disable-javascript
Don’t execute JavaScript (browser JS like the new tab page still runs).
–disable-java
Prevent Java from running.
–disable-plugins
Prevent plugins from running.
–disable-images
Prevent images from loading.
–use-lf-heap
Use the low fragmentation heap for the CRT.
–gears-plugin-path
Debug only switch to specify which gears plugin dll to load.
–gears-in-renderer
Switch to load Gears in the renderer process.
–enable-p13n
–javascript-debugger-path
Allow loading of the javascript debugger UI from the filesystem.
–new-http
Enable new HTTP stack.
火狐浏览器
import config, os, time,datetime
from selenium import webdriver
os.system('taskkill /im geckodriver.exe /F')
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile([os.path.join(r'C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles',i) for i in os.listdir(r'C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles') if 'default-release' in i][0]) # 创建一个FirefoxProfile实例
profile.set_preference('network.proxy.type', 0) # selenium firefox设置代理(默认是0，就是直接连接；1就是手工配置代理)
profile.set_preference('browser.download.dir', config.DOWNLOAD_PATH) # 指定下载路径
profile.set_preference('browser.download.folderList', 2) # 设置成 2 表示使用自定义下载路径；设置成 0 表示下载到桌面；设置成 1 表示下载到默认路径
profile.set_preference('browser.download.manager.showWhenStarting', False) # 在开始下载时是否显示下载管理器
profile.set_preference('browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk', 'application/octet-stream') # 设置正确的文件的Content_Type
profile.set_preference("intl.accept_languages", "en-us") # 设置浏览器语言
options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() # 驱动选项
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox') # 最高权限运行
options.add_argument("--disable-javascript") # 禁用JavaScript
options.add_argument('--start-maximized ')
options.add_argument("--safebrowsing-disable-extension-blacklist")
options.add_argument('--safebrowsing-disable-download-protection')
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') # 规避bug
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
if config.HEADLESS:
options.add_argument('--headless') # 浏览器为无头模式
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile, options=options,log_path=f'log/{datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S")}.log')
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.set_page_load_timeout(25) # 全局请求页面超时时间
driver.set_script_timeout(20) # 全局请求页面js加载超时时间
print('浏览器准备就绪')
driver.get('https://www.jianshu.com/')
time.sleep(999)