MP:国会议员 member of Parliament
The UK faces a "democratic crisis" due to the spread of "pernicious views" and the manipulation of personal data, a parliamentary committee is set to warn.
The Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) Committee has been investigating disinformation and fake news following the Cambridge Analytica data scandal.
In its first report it will suggest social media companies should face tighter regulation.
It also proposes measures to combat election interference.
The report warns that the "relentless targeting of hyper-partisan views, which play to the fears and prejudices of people, in order to influence their voting plans" is a threat to democracy.
The committee's report was due to be officially published on Sunday.
But a copy was published on Friday by Dominic Cummings, the director of the official Brexit campaign group Vote Leave, on his own blog.
pernicious：有害的，恶性的
relentless：坚韧的，不间断的，不懈的
hyper-partisan：超党派
predudice：偏见，伤害
The committee suggests:
1. Social media sites should be held responsible for 'harmful' content on their services
Companies such as Facebook and YouTube have repeatedly said they are just a "platform", rather than a "publisher". They have argued that they are not responsible for the content people post on their services.
"Social media companies cannot hide behind the claim of being merely a 'platform', claiming that they are tech companies and have no role themselves in regulating the content of their sites," the committee said.
"They continually change what is and is not seen on their sites, based on algorithms and human intervention.
"They reward what is most engaging, because engagement is part of their business model and their growth strategy. They have profited greatly by using this model."
The committee suggested a "new category of tech company" should be created, which was "not necessarily a platform or a publisher" but something in between.
This should establish "clear legal liability for the tech companies to act against harmful and illegal content on their platforms," the report said.
human intervention：人工干预
engaging：动人的，迷人的
liability：责任，债务
2. The rules on political campaigns should be made fit for the digital age
The committee said electoral law needed to be "updated to reflect changes in campaigning techniques".
It suggested:
creating a public register for political advertising so that anybody can see what messages are being distributed
online political advertisements should have a digital imprint stating who was responsible, as is required with printed leaflets and advertisements
social media sites should be held responsible for interference in elections by malicious actors
electoral fraud fines should be increased from a maximum of £20,000 to a percentage of organisations' annual turnover
imprint：版本说明
malicious：恶毒的，有害的
electoral fraud fines：fraud 欺骗，诈骗
electoral fraud：选举舞弊
turnover：营业额，可翻转的
3. Technology companies should be taxed to fund education and regulation
Increased regulation of social media sites would result in more work for organisations such as the Electoral Commission and Information Commissioner's Office (ICO).
The committee suggested a levy on tech companies should fund the expanded responsibilities of the regulators.
The money should also be spent on educational programmes and a public information campaign, to help people identify disinformation and fake news.
levy:征税，征收，强收
4. Social networks should be audited
The committee warned that fake accounts on sites such as Facebook and Twitter "not only damage the user experience, but potentially defraud advertisers".
It suggested an independent authority such as the Competition and Markets Authority should audit the social networks.
It also said security mechanisms and algorithms used by social networks should be available for audit by a government regulator, to ensure they are "operating responsibly".
The report was very critical of Facebook, which has been under increased scrutiny following the Cambridge Analytica data scandal.
audit：审计，旁听
user experience：用户体验
defraud：v.欺骗，诈骗
scrutiny：监视，周密调查
"Facebook has hampered our efforts to get information about their company throughout this inquiry. It is as if it thinks that the problem will go away if it does not share information about the problem, and reacts only when it is pressed," the report said.
"It provided witnesses who have been unwilling or unable to give full answers to the committee's questions."
The committee repeated its call for Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg to give evidence.
The report also summarised the evidence collected during the committee's inquiry into disinformation, fake news and election interference.
Whistleblower Christopher Wylie and Cambridge Analytica chief executive Alexander Nix were among the 61 witnesses that gave evidence.
The report said that Vote Leave campaign manager Dominic Cummings had refused to appear before the committee. But Mr Cummings called the report "fake news" when he published the leaked copy on Friday.
The committee added that it had received "disturbing evidence" - some of which it had not published - of hacking, disinformation and voter suppression in elections.
"We urge the government to ensure that the National Crime Agency thoroughly investigates these allegations."
The committee's final report is expected before the end of the year.
Facebook and Twitter have yet to respond to a request for comment.
hamper：损害
chief executive：首席执行官
give evidence：证明，作证，提供证据
summarise：概括
disturbing:烦扰的
voter ：选举人
suppression：镇压，抑制