概要写作提分宝典

概要写作提分宝典


老师叮咛:李辉老师说,“所谓聪明都是小聪明,而真正的智慧,就是能够学会去发现各种规律,君子性非异也,善假于各种规律也。”因此,学会找到规律,至关重要!本文也将通过对高中英语难点之概要写作高频考点总结来帮助找到规律。下文经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真地整理校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵!



一、什么是概要写作


概要写作,简而言之就是对所读过的文章进行简要概括,写出文章的中心大意,也可以称之为摘要。


   这一题型主要考察对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力,同时考察学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。



二、考察能力


1.阅读能力


阅读能力通常包括阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生阅读理解能力的强弱直接影响其所写概要的质量。


2.概括能力


阅读时所获取的与主题相关的信息,以及找出的主题句或关键词(组)往往是分散的、零碎的,这就需要考生将这些信息进行整合,用自己的语言简明扼要地概括出原文的主旨要点。


3.书写能力


考生要十分重视英文书写的规范。因为漂亮的英文书写会令人赏心悦目,吸引阅卷老师的眼球。




三、评分参考

 

概要写作要求考生在有限的时间内读懂所给的阅读材料,然后用自己的语言高度概括出文章的主要内容和观点,因此,阅卷时主要考虑以下内容:


1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;


2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;


3.上下文的连贯性;


4.对各要点表达的独立性情况。



四、注意要点

 

理解准确,涵盖全部要求,完全使用自己的语言,准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇,得分相应比较高。相反,如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象,得分档次将会大大降低,所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。



五、完善统合全文


     根据《考试说明》各档次给分范围和要求,涵盖各个要点,使用相应的语法结构和词汇,有效紧凑连接各个要点,使用自己的简洁语言完善统合全文。



六、概要写作四项基本原则

 

1.概要写作时,一定要使用第三人称;


2.概要写作时,一定不可加入自己的观点;


3.概要写作时,一定不可对原文内容加以评论;


4.概要写作时,一定不可引入与原文内容无关的信息。



七、记叙文概要写作


记叙文一般是叙述一个经历或者一个事件,表达作者从中得到的经验、启示,或者说明一定的道理。记叙文的概要,一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who; when; where; what; how; why)也就是说考生应该先阅读短文,找出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。


关于写人的记叙文,我们要概括,抓住人物的主要特点或事迹,画出关键词,从而进行写作。


关于叙事性的记叙文,先是概括,再抓住记叙文的几个要素,记叙文的概要写作一般包括记叙文的六个要素(时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果)。


只要找出这六个要素,以此为线索,就可以准确把握文章的内容要点,形成概要的基本框架,然后用自己的语言讲这六个要素进行整合归纳,即可成文。

 

 

 

 

八、说明文概要写作


说明文概要写作可以结合说明方法谈,例如这篇文章主要运用了XXX的说明方法,说明了XXX(事物特征或事理)。可按照结合表达方式谈,例如:这篇文章除了说明外,还有XXX(从“记叙、描写、抒情、议论”根据内容选择),如XXX(具体举例),就是XXX(表达方式)的运用,使说明更具体形象/充满感情。然而当描述某事物的性质功用时,用“对象+性质功用+利好”


In the passenge the writer introduces…(对象)to us especially its(性质或功用),from which we know…(对象带来的利好)




九、概要写作的基本步骤

 

1.判断主题和体裁,快速抓住重点,把经历变为经验


    从高一至高三,我们读了这么多文章,不断地进行反思和积累,将经历变为经验,我们的阅读才变得更快捷更有效,更容易把握住文本的目的和要点。


2.概括每段主旨,圈划关键词


通常概要写作测试语篇的段落结构较为清晰,建议每一段读完后稍停片刻思考段落主旨,根据写作目的或主题,圈划段落中的关键词汇。


3.再次梳理核心信息


根据关键词汇,再次思考写作目的,确定概要的结构和内容。通常我们可以根据语篇本身的段落顺序写概要,有时候可以根据主旨做顺序调整。


4.进行写作


尽可能多地用自己的语言对语篇进行概括,这需要大量的积累和练习,逐步提高写作能力。



5.修正与积累


必须根据写作修改意见,再次修正概要写作,并从“内容”和“语言”两个角度进行归纳和积累。比如,想一下我遗漏了哪些重要信息?为什么它们是重要的信息?再如,哪些词汇可以表达类似含义。





十、题目练习

 

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要:


passange 1:


    Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. That’s when I learned about the lighthouse Project .


    I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family.


Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork for application. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.


Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to report for duty. I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria. Where? What? Nigeria? I had no idea. But I was about to find out .


After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation. Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I taught in that same schoolhouse. But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me .


Sometime during that period. I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did though I did not get anywhere with the local language, and I returned to the United States a different man. The lighthouse project had changed my life forever.




参考范文:


     After graduation from university the author was at a loss about how to fulfill his ambition until he decided to land a job with the Lighthouse Project. (要点1)


      Adequate preparation and family support finally won him the job as a volunteer teacher in a remote village.(要点2)


      The experience taught him to see life in a new light and embrace a better self. (要点3)

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