Arrays.sort()你应该知道的事

以下内容转自:

  原文链接: programcreek 翻译: ImportNew.com 刘志军
  译文链接: http://www.importnew.com/8952.html

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Arrays.sort(T[], Comparator < ? super T > c) 是用来对用户自定义的对象数组排序功能的。Java 官方文档简单描述了它的作用,但不足以让我们深刻理解。在这篇文章中,我将顺着一下关键点息做个比较深入的理解。

1、简单实例:如何使用Arrays.sort()

通过阅读下面代码,你能快速正确了解这个方法的用途。Comparator(比较器)用于根据Dogs的size比较其大小,并作为sort方法的参数。

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Comparator;

 

class Dog{

    int size;   

    public Dog(int s){

        size = s;

    }

}

 

class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{

 

    @Override

    public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {

        return o1.size - o2.size;

    }

}

 

public class ArraySort {

 

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Dog d1 = new Dog(2);

        Dog d2 = new Dog(1);

        Dog d3 = new Dog(3);

 

        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};

        printDogs(dogArray);

 

        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator()); 

        printDogs(dogArray);

    }

 

    public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){

        for(Dog d: dogs)

            System.out.print(d.size + " " );

 

        System.out.println();

    }

}

输出:

2 1 3

1 2 3

2、策略模式的使用

这是运用策略模式的一个很好的场景,为什么策略模式对于这种场景非常适用?简单来说,策略模式使不同的算法在运行时得以选择。在这个例子中,通过传递不同的Comparator,可以选择不同的算法。基于上例,现在假设你有一个Comparator,用weight来代替size来比较Dogs。你可以简单创建一个新的Comprator如下:

class Dog{

    int size;

    int weight;

 

    public Dog(int s, int w){

        size = s;

        weight = w; 

    }

}

 

class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{

 

    @Override

    public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {

        return o1.size - o2.size;

    }

}

 

class DogWeightComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{

 

    @Override

    public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {

        return o1.weight - o2.weight;

    }

}

 

public class ArraySort {

 

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Dog d1 = new Dog(2, 50);

        Dog d2 = new Dog(1, 30);

        Dog d3 = new Dog(3, 40);

 

        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};

        printDogs(dogArray);

 

        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator()); 

        printDogs(dogArray);

 

        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogWeightComparator());   

        printDogs(dogArray);

    }

 

    public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){

        for(Dog d: dogs)

            System.out.print("size="+d.size + " weight=" + d.weight + " ");

 

        System.out.println();

    }

}

输出:

size=2 weight=50 size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40

size=1 weight=30 size=2 weight=50 size=3 weight=40

size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40 size=2 weight=50

3、为什么使用“super”

很显然,如果”Comparator<T>c”作为参数,但是第二个参数是”Comparator< ? super T > c”,使用<? super T>意味着类型可以是T或者是它的超类。为什么允许超类型呢?答案是:这种方式允许所有子类使用同一个comparator。看看下面这个例子一目了然。

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Comparator;

 

class Animal{

    int size;

}

 

class Dog extends Animal{

    public Dog(int s){

        size = s;

    }

}

 

class Cat extends Animal{

    public Cat(int s){

        size  = s;

    }

}

 

class AnimalSizeComparator implements Comparator<Animal>{

 

    @Override

    public int compare(Animal o1, Animal o2) {

        return o1.size - o2.size;

    }

    //in this way, all sub classes of Animal can use this comparator.

}

 

public class ArraySort {

 

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Dog d1 = new Dog(2);

        Dog d2 = new Dog(1);

        Dog d3 = new Dog(3);

 

        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};

        printDogs(dogArray);

 

        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());  

        printDogs(dogArray);

 

        System.out.println();

 

        //when you have an array of Cat, same Comparator can be used. 

        Cat c1 = new Cat(2);

        Cat c2 = new Cat(1);

        Cat c3 = new Cat(3);

 

        Cat[] catArray = {c1, c2, c3};

        printDogs(catArray);

 

        Arrays.sort(catArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());  

        printDogs(catArray);

    }

 

    public static void printDogs(Animal[] animals){

        for(Animal a: animals)

            System.out.print("size="+a.size + " ");

        System.out.println();

    }

}

输出:

size=2 size=1 size=3

size=1 size=2 size=3

 

size=2 size=1 size=3

size=1 size=2 size=3

4、总结

总的来说,从Arrays.sort()中你应该了解到:

  1. generic(范型)——super
  2. 策略模式
  3. 归并排序——nlog(n)时间复杂度
  4.  java.util.Collections.sort(List<T>list, Comparator<?super T> c)类似于Arrays.sort

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