写这个博客的时候是为了记忆,建议大家还是看官方的说明,官方说的很清楚,不想把官方大段大段的拷贝到这里,官方的的确说的很清楚:
http://source.android.com/compatibility/overview.html 左边的相关的几个链接
中文说明:具体的也可以见http://source.android.com/compatibility/overview.html中有关Program goals
一、Android的CTS测试,英文为Compatibility Test Suite,意为兼容性测试。只有通过CTS测试的设备才有可能获得Android的商标和享受Android Market的权限;Android的CTS目的与意义:用户在android系统中有更好的用户体验,并且展示android应用的优越性,使得android开发者更容易编写高质量的andorid程序。
二、CTS是兼容性测试,Google为了防止厂商对Android的改动影响其SDKAPI的兼容性,即第三方应用程序安装到该厂商的机器上都能正常运行;这个差不多是自动跑的,会测试硬
件(比如GPS,WIFI),还有其他一系列的东西,跑完之后会出一份详细的报告,告诉你哪些地方没通过。
三、我们实际使用CTS的过程中,很可能需要根据特定的要求,来定制自己的TestPlan。这时就需要自己编译CTS
官方说明
一、有关CTS的目的和意图说明:http://source.android.com/faqs.html#compatibility
The Compatibility Test Suite is a tool used by device manufacturers to help ensure their devices are compatible, and to report test results for validations. The CTS is intended to be run frequently by OEMs throughout the engineering process to catch compatibility issues early.
The CTS currently tests that all of the supported Android strong-typed APIs are present and behave correctly. It also tests other non-API system behaviors such as application lifecycle and performance. We plan to add support in future CTS versions to test "soft" APIs such as Intents as well.
二、官方说明:http://source.android.com/compatibility/overview.html
CTS是一个免费的,商用级的测试套件,可供下载,CTS运行于台式机的直接连接的设备或仿真器,并执行测试用例。 CTS是一套设计集成到日常工作流程的建筑设备工程师(如通过持续构建系统)中的单元测试。它的目的是揭示不兼容的早期,并确保该软件仍然是整个开发过程中兼容。
The CTS is a free, commercial-grade test suite, available for download. The CTS represents the "mechanism" of compatibility.
The CTS runs on a desktop machine and executes test cases directly on attached devices or an emulator. The CTS is a set of unit tests designed to be integrated into the daily workflow (such as via a continuous build system) of the engineers building a device. Its intent is to reveal incompatibilities early on, and ensure that the software remains compatible throughout the development process.
1、查看ubuntu版本
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:/$ uname -aifneq (i686,$(findstring i686,$(build_arch)))
The Sun JDK is no longer in Ubuntu's main package repository. In order to download it, you need to add the appropriate repository and indicate to the system which JDK should be used.
Java 6: for Gingerbread and newer
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner"
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/bin/javac 来提供 /usr/bin/javac (javac),于 手动模式 中。
root@pateo-B86N53X:~# java -versionall_cts_core_files_stamp all_cts_files_stamp android-cts android-cts.zip temp
root@pateo-B86N53X:/work/project/Yeagle_turquoise_3.0/out/host/linux-x86/cts/android-cts/repository/plans# ls备注说明
(1)可以从http://source.android.com/compatibility/downloads.html下载最新版本的Compatibility Test Suit;
(2)通过编译Android源代码的方式获得。在android源代码目录下输入make cts命令来编译CTS,之后会在out/host/linux-x86/cts/下生成android-cts文件夹。
这个文件夹就是 Compatibility Test Suit。
(3)cts的测试主要需要符合Android的兼容性定义文件(CDD) ,CDD列举兼容的Android设备的软件和硬件要求。
有关CDD的官方说明:
For each release of the Android platform, a detailed Compatibility Definition Document (CDD) will be provided. The CDD represents the "policy" aspect of Android compatibility.
Android 2.3 is the release of the development milestone code-named Gingerbread. Source code for Android 2.3 is found in the 'gingerbread' branch in the open-source tree.
csdn提供了Android 2.3 Compatibility Definition Document (CDD)相应的翻译可供下载的文档
http://download.csdn.net/detail/jianguo_liao19840726/4039034
Android 包含针对androidAPIs的有所测试
备注说明: 在“cts_host >”提示符下输入命令,以下为几个常用的命令官方说明:http://source.android.com/compatibility/cts-development.html cts start --plan CTS -p android.os.cts.BuildVersionTest
官方命令详解:http://source.android.com/compatibility/downloads.html,点击Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) User Manual会有android-cts-manual-r4.pdf文档,此文档里面具体说明了命令的意思
The CTS user manual is applicable to any CTS version, but CTS 2.1 R2 and beyond require additional steps to run the accessibility tests.
中文说明:
CTS命令的意义,我们必须明确Plan,Package,Testcase,Test,result_type,session的含义:
CTS将Test组合为Testcase,Testcase再组合为Package,最后由Package组合为Plan。
CTS可以执行一个Plan,一个Plan的某个Package,一个Plan的某个Test。
CTS执行的结果以Session_ID来标识一个测试结果。
CTS的结果类型result_type包含Pass,Fail,Timeout,NoExecuted四种
CTS的命令说明中文版:http://blog.csdn.net/jianguo_liao19840726/article/details/7225570
7、启动模拟器
root@pateo-B86N53X:/work/project/Yeagle_turquoise_3.0# make sdk
root@pateo-B86N53X:/work/project/Yeagle_turquoise_3.0# . build/envsetup.sh
including device/fsl/imx5x/vendorsetup.sh
including device/pateo/yeagle/vendorsetup.sh
root@pateo-B86N53X:/work/project/Yeagle_turquoise_3.0# lunch 15
============================================
PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=REL
PLATFORM_VERSION=2.3.3
TARGET_PRODUCT=yeagle
TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng
TARGET_SIMULATOR=false
TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release
TARGET_BUILD_APPS=
TARGET_ARCH=arm
HOST_ARCH=x86
HOST_OS=linux
HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release
BUILD_ID=GRI40
============================================
root@pateo-B86N53X:/work/project/Yeagle_turquoise_3.0# emulator
emulator: WARNING: system partition size adjusted to match image file (128 MB > 66 MB)
另一种启动:
8、启动cts
备注说明:如果运行成功会出现Android CTS version 2.3_r1的字样(我的android的版本是2.3的)。如果有连接设备到PC上还会出现Device(设备ID)connected的字样。这里设 备可以是连接PC的android的机器,也可以是模拟器,如果连接了多个设备的话需加上-d参数,后面跟上设备id来告诉CTS需要测试的设备,通过下面方法查看设备
Android CTS version 2.3_r1
cts_host >
如果你要链接真机需要如下的设置:
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:/etc/udev/rules.d$ ls
10-vboxdrv.rules 51-android.rules 51-android.rules. 70-persistent-cd.rules 70-persistent-net.rules README
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:/etc/udev/rules.d$ cat 51-android.rules
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="18d1", MODE="0666",
GROUP="plugdev"
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:/etc/udev/rules.d$ adb devices
* daemon not running. starting it now on port 5037 *
* daemon started successfully *
List of devices attached
emulator-5554 offline
Note:各品牌手机的USBVendor IDs分别见官方:http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/device.html
相应的生成的测试报告:out/host/linux-x86/cts/android-cts/repository/results/下面的testResult.xml
9、效果
你会看到不需要按键它也能自动测试
说明下面两步骤是在之前需run cts之前做的,针对fail的我们需要定位,这个时候我们最好能看到cts的源码,下面为cts的源码获取方式:sudo git clone https://android.googlesource.com/platform/cts/
拿到源码后,我们针对fail的log来进行定位,例如:
fail log: junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: expected:<1> but was:<0> at android.provider.cts.MediaStore_Images_ThumbnailsTest.testQueryExternalMiniThumbnails(MediaStore_Images_ThumbnailsTest.java:163)
找到相应的多少行进行定位
10、安装CtsVerifier.apk
相关官方说明:http://source.android.com/compatibility/overview.html
Verifier是cts的一个补充,可到download下载,其CTS Verifier主要测试api和functions,比如不好测的无需人工输入的(如音频质量,加速度等)
The Compatibility Test Suite Verifier (CTS Verifier) is a supplement to the Compatibility Test Suite (CTS), available for download. CTS Verifier provides tests for APIs and functions that cannot be tested on a stationary device without manual input (e.g. audio quality, accelerometer, etc).
11、安装CtsDelegatingAccessibilityService.apk,官方说明:http://source.android.com/compatibility/cts-intro.html
这个apk的来源
Download the CTS.
Attach at least one device (or emulator) to your machine.
For CTS 2.1 R2 and beyond, setup your device (or emulator) to run the accessibility tests:
adb install -r android-cts/repository/testcases/CtsDelegatingAccessibilityService.apk
On the device, enable Settings > Accessibility > Accessibility > Delegating Accessibility Service
For CTS 2.3 R4 and beyond, setup your device to run the device administration tests:
adb install -r android-cts/repository/testcases/CtsDeviceAdmin.apk
On the device, enable all the android.deviceadmin.cts.* device administrators under Settings > Location & security > Select device administrators
Launch the CTS. The CTS test harness loads the test plan onto the attached devices. For each test in the test harness:
The test harness pushes a .apk file to each device, executes the test through instrumentation, and records test results.
The test harness removes the .apk file from each device.
Once all the tests are executed, you can view the test results in your browser and use the results to adjust your design. You can continue to run the CTS throughout your development process.
When you are ready, you can submit the report generated by the CTS to [email protected]. The report is a .zip archived file that contains XML results and supplemental information such as screen captures.
12、有关自己编写测试用例的官方说明:http://source.android.com/compatibility/cts-development.html,
重点学习怎么写自己的测试用例:http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/testing/index.html
什么都是从HelloWord开始的,测试单元测试用例也是一样:http://developer.android.com/resources/tutorials/testing/helloandroid_test.html
其具体的api见官方http://developer.android.com/reference/android/test/InstrumentationTestRunner.html
CTS tests use JUnit and the Android testing APIs. Review the Testing and Instrumentation tutorial while perusing the existing tests under the cts/tests/tests
directory. You will see that CTS tests mostly follow the same conventions used in other Android tests.
Since CTS runs across many production devices, the tests must follow these rules:
Most CTS test cases target a specific class in the Android API. These tests have Java package names with a cts
suffix and class names with the Test
suffix. Each test case consists of multiple tests, where each test usually exercises a particular API method of the API class being tested. These tests are arranged in a directory structure where tests are grouped into different categories like "widgets" and "views."
For example, the CTS test for android.widget.TextView
is android.widget.cts.TextViewTest
found under the cts/tests/tests/widget/src/android/widget/cts
directory with its Java package name asandroid.widget.cts
and its class name as TextViewTest
. The TextViewTest
class has a test called testSetText
that exercises the "setText" method and a test named "testSetSingleLine" that calls the setSingleLine
method. Each of those tests have @TestTargetNew
annotations indicating what they cover.
Some CTS tests do not directly correspond to an API class but are placed in the most related package possible. For instance, the CTS test, android.net.cts.ListeningPortsTest
, is in the android.net.cts
, because it is network related even though there is no android.net.ListeningPorts
class. You can also create a new test package if necessary. For example, there is an "android.security" test package for tests related to security. Thus, use your best judgement when adding new tests and refer to other tests as examples.
Finally, a lot of tests are annotated with @TestTargets and @TestTargetNew. These are no longer necessary so do not annotate new tests with these.
When adding new tests, there may not be an existing directory to place your test. In that case, refer to the example under cts/tests/tests/example
and create a new directory. Furthermore, make sure to add your new package's module name from its Android.mk
to CTS_COVERAGE_TEST_CASE_LIST
in cts/CtsTestCaseList.mk
. This Makefile is used by build/core/tasks/cts.mk
to glue all the tests together to create the final CTS package.
Some tests use additional infrastructure like separate activities and various utilities to perform tests. These are located under the cts/tests/src
directory. These stubs aren't separated into separate test APKs like the tests, so the cts/tests/src
directory does not have additional top level directories like "widget" or "view." Follow the same principle of putting new classes into a package with a name that correlates to the purpose of your new class. For instance, a stub activity used for testing OpenGL like GLSurfaceViewStubActivity
belongs in the android.opengl.cts
package under the cts/tests/src/android/opengl
directory.
Besides adding new tests there are other ways to contribute to CTS:
Follow the Android Contributors' Workflow to contribute changes to CTS. A reviewer will be assigned to your change, and your change should be reviewed shortly!
13、有关Monkey的用法网上资源很多,具体见官方:http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/monkey.html
1)monkey是一个android自带的命令行工具。它向系统发送伪随机的用户事件流,实现对正在开发的应用程序进行压力测试。
2)方法
在设备端打开setting界面
$ adb shell
# monkey -p com.android.settings -v 500
此时可以看到界面不断被切换
重点是掌握相关的Monkey的一些命令即可,在实践中把这些命令都试试常用即可。
Monkey 的源码下载地址 :http://download.csdn.net/detail/jianguo_liao19840726/4039754
有关monkeyrunner的用法:http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/monkeyrunner_concepts.html
源码中也自动了Monkey的相应的一些文件:/work/project/Yeagle_turquoise_3.0/development/cmds/monkey$目录下的一些文件
14、官方给予的cts技术性相关疑问的联系:http://source.android.com/compatibility/contact-us.html
If you have specific issues with the Compatibility Test Suite that require you to disclose information you'd prefer not to be public, you can contact an email address we've set up specifically this purpose: [email protected]. This email address is for cases that require disclosure of confidential information only, so general questions will be directed back to the public android-compatibility list. Note also that this list is for specific technical questions; general inquiries will also be directed back to the android-compatibility list.
15、其他开源的andorid脚本:http://code.google.com/p/android-scripting/
http://code.google.com/p/robotium/