之前在Ubuntu换源的时候,老早就换好,但后来装新系统换源,就想来整理一下换源可能遇到的一些问题,很多新手对于换源就直接度娘搜索,但全新手会遇到以下几个问题不知道怎么解决。因此参考本文或许能帮到你。
软件源就相当于软件库,需要安装什么软件,只需要简单使用命令来进行安装: sudo apt-get install
,软件库里没有的话就会提示错误;删除软件则是sudo apt-get remove
;在Ubuntu系统上安装软件和Windows上不一样 (后者是exe文件,前者一般是apt、deb、run等格式)。
其中Ubuntu 系统中自带一个名为 apt 软件包管理工具,它主要负责 Ubuntu 系统中所有软件包的管理,包括下载软件,卸载已安装的软件等。每当我们通过 sudo apt-get install
去安装软件时,它就会从系统中的一个叫做源列表的文件去读取软件源的网址信息,查找包含该软件的软件源网址,接着从上面把指定的软件下载下来。
对于Ubuntu的软件源类型分为两种:
/etc/apt/sources.list
。该文件记录Ubuntu 官方源的地址,但国内访问官方软件源速度会慢,为解决这样的问题,国内许多学校以及公司的镜像网站都对官方软件源进行镜像备份,并且定期同步更新,为了提高访问速度,可以选择去访问这些镜像网站,所以我们需要将 Ubuntu 官方软件源的网址替换成国内的 Ubuntu 软件源镜像网站的网址就可以。/etc/apt/sources.list
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度,如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
推荐这个: 国内开源镜像站点汇总—>里面有公司企业、大学等镜像源。推荐使用 清华源、中科大源、阿里云源、豆瓣源等
一般官方网站的help里,就直接在主页src后面加上help回车看下,要没有的话就找找哪里可以配置软件源,我上面推荐的那几个源都在help里,例如清华源则是https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
、科大源是:http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/
。
注意: 这时有人点进去去找配置文件时就会发现有
ubuntu、ubuntu-ports
到底是哪一个呢?
ubuntu-ports
镜像仅包含 arm64 armhf ppc64el riscv64 s390x 架构的软件包;ubuntu
镜像仅包含 32/64 位 x86 架构处理器的软件包。因此去哪个得看你是什么架构的,使用命令
uname -a
,我的是下面这个,说明是x86_64架构。
为节省你们去找的时间,我给了Ubuntu16.04和18.04的几个源:
#---------------中科大USTC--------------------
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#------------------清华--------------------------
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度,如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源,不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#------------------阿里云-----------------------
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
#---------------中科大USTC--------------------
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#------------------清华--------------------------
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度,如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源,不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#------------------阿里云-----------------------
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
sudo apt-get update