简介:
本质:
优点:
map和multimap区别:
功能描述:
函数原型:
构造:
map mp;
//map默认构造函数:map(const map &mp);
//拷贝构造函数赋值:
map& operator=(const map &mp);
//重载等号操作符示例:
#include
void printMap(map<int,int>&m)
{
for (map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
{
cout << "key = " << it->first << " value = " << it->second << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
map<int,int>m; //默认构造
m.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(2, 20));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(3, 30));
printMap(m);
map<int, int>m2(m); //拷贝构造
printMap(m2);
map<int, int>m3;
m3 = m2; //赋值
printMap(m3);
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
/*
key = 1 value = 10
key = 2 value = 20
key = 3 value = 30
key = 1 value = 10
key = 2 value = 20
key = 3 value = 30
key = 1 value = 10
key = 2 value = 20
key = 3 value = 30
*/
总结:map中所有元素都是成对出现,插入数据时候要使用对组
功能描述:
函数原型:
size();
//返回容器中元素的数目empty();
//判断容器是否为空swap(st);
//交换两个集合容器示例:
#include
void printMap(map<int,int>&m)
{
for (map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
{
cout << "key = " << it->first << " value = " << it->second << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
map<int, int>m;
m.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(2, 20));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(3, 30));
if (m.empty())
{
cout << "m为空" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "m不为空" << endl;
cout << "m的大小为: " << m.size() << endl;
}
}
//交换
void test02()
{
map<int, int>m;
m.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(2, 20));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(3, 30));
map<int, int>m2;
m2.insert(pair<int, int>(4, 100));
m2.insert(pair<int, int>(5, 200));
m2.insert(pair<int, int>(6, 300));
cout << "交换前" << endl;
printMap(m);
printMap(m2);
cout << "交换后" << endl;
m.swap(m2);
printMap(m);
printMap(m2);
}
int main() {
test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
/*
m不为空
m的大小为: 3
交换前
key = 1 value = 10
key = 2 value = 20
key = 3 value = 30
key = 4 value = 100
key = 5 value = 200
key = 6 value = 300
交换后
key = 4 value = 100
key = 5 value = 200
key = 6 value = 300
key = 1 value = 10
key = 2 value = 20
key = 3 value = 30
*/
总结:
功能描述:
函数原型:
insert(elem);
//在容器中插入元素。clear();
//清除所有元素erase(pos);
//删除pos迭代器所指的元素,返回下一个元素的迭代器。erase(beg, end);
//删除区间[beg,end)的所有元素 ,返回下一个元素的迭代器。erase(key);
//删除容器中值为key的元素。示例:
#include
void printMap(map<int,int>&m)
{
for (map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
{
cout << "key = " << it->first << " value = " << it->second << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
//插入
map<int, int> m;
//第一种插入方式
m.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));
//第二种插入方式
m.insert(make_pair(2, 20));
//第三种插入方式
m.insert(map<int, int>::value_type(3, 30));
//第四种插入方式
m[4] = 40;
printMap(m);
//删除
m.erase(m.begin());
printMap(m);
m.erase(3);
printMap(m);
//清空
m.erase(m.begin(),m.end());
m.clear();
printMap(m);
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
/*
key = 1 value = 10
key = 2 value = 20
key = 3 value = 30
key = 4 value = 40
key = 2 value = 20
key = 3 value = 30
key = 4 value = 40
key = 2 value = 20
key = 4 value = 40
*/
总结:
功能描述:
函数原型:
find(key);
//查找key是否存在,若存在,返回该键的元素的迭代器;若不存在,返回set.end();count(key);
//统计key的元素个数示例:
#include
//查找和统计
void test01()
{
map<int, int>m;
m.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(2, 20));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(3, 30));
//查找
map<int, int>::iterator pos = m.find(3);
if (pos != m.end())
{
cout << "找到了元素 key = " << (*pos).first << " value = " << (*pos).second << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "未找到元素" << endl;
}
//统计
int num = m.count(3);
cout << "num = " << num << endl;
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
/*
找到了元素 key = 3 value = 30
num = 1
*/
总结:
学习目标:
主要技术点:
示例:
#include
class MyCompare {
public:
bool operator()(int v1, int v2) const {
return v1 > v2;
}
};
void test01()
{
//默认从小到大排序
//利用仿函数实现从大到小排序
map<int, int, MyCompare> m;
m.insert(make_pair(1, 10));
m.insert(make_pair(2, 20));
m.insert(make_pair(3, 30));
m.insert(make_pair(4, 40));
m.insert(make_pair(5, 50));
for (map<int, int, MyCompare>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++) {
cout << "key:" << it->first << " value:" << it->second << endl;
}
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
/*
key:5 value:50
key:4 value:40
key:3 value:30
key:2 value:20
key:1 value:10
*/
总结:
案例代码:
#include
using namespace std;
#include
#include
#include
#include
/*
- 公司今天招聘了10个员工(ABCDEFGHIJ),10名员工进入公司之后,需要指派员工在那个部门工作
- 员工信息有: 姓名 工资组成;部门分为:策划、美术、研发
- 随机给10名员工分配部门和工资
- 通过multimap进行信息的插入 key(部门编号) value(员工)
- 分部门显示员工信息
*/
#define CEHUA 0
#define MEISHU 1
#define YANFA 2
class Worker
{
public:
string m_Name;
int m_Salary;
};
void createWorker(vector<Worker>&v)
{
string nameSeed = "ABCDEFGHIJ";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Worker worker;
worker.m_Name = "员工";
worker.m_Name += nameSeed[i];
worker.m_Salary = rand() % 10000 + 10000; // 10000 ~ 19999
//将员工放入到容器中
v.push_back(worker);
}
}
//员工分组
void setGroup(vector<Worker>&v,multimap<int,Worker>&m)
{
for (vector<Worker>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
//产生随机部门编号
int deptId = rand() % 3; // 0 1 2
//将员工插入到分组中
//key部门编号,value具体员工
m.insert(make_pair(deptId, *it));
}
}
void showWorkerByGourp(multimap<int,Worker>&m)
{
// 0 A B C 1 D E 2 F G ...
cout << "策划部门:" << endl;
multimap<int,Worker>::iterator pos = m.find(CEHUA);
int count = m.count(CEHUA); // 统计具体人数
int index = 0;
for (; pos != m.end() && index < count; pos++ , index++)
{
cout << "姓名: " << pos->second.m_Name << " 工资: " << pos->second.m_Salary << endl;
}
cout << "----------------------" << endl;
cout << "美术部门: " << endl;
pos = m.find(MEISHU);
count = m.count(MEISHU); // 统计具体人数
index = 0;
for (; pos != m.end() && index < count; pos++, index++)
{
cout << "姓名: " << pos->second.m_Name << " 工资: " << pos->second.m_Salary << endl;
}
cout << "----------------------" << endl;
cout << "研发部门: " << endl;
pos = m.find(YANFA);
count = m.count(YANFA); // 统计具体人数
index = 0;
for (; pos != m.end() && index < count; pos++, index++)
{
cout << "姓名: " << pos->second.m_Name << " 工资: " << pos->second.m_Salary << endl;
}
}
int main() {
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
//1、创建员工
vector<Worker>vWorker;
createWorker(vWorker);
//2、员工分组
multimap<int, Worker>mWorker;
setGroup(vWorker, mWorker);
//3、分组显示员工
showWorkerByGourp(mWorker);
测试
//for (vector::iterator it = vWorker.begin(); it != vWorker.end(); it++)
//{
// cout << "姓名: " << it->m_Name << " 工资: " << it->m_Salary << endl;
//}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
/*
策划部门:
姓名: 员工A 工资: 16609
姓名: 员工B 工资: 18235
姓名: 员工E 工资: 13506
----------------------
美术部门:
姓名: 员工H 工资: 19680
姓名: 员工J 工资: 12307
----------------------
研发部门:
姓名: 员工C 工资: 11034
姓名: 员工D 工资: 16951
姓名: 员工F 工资: 12186
姓名: 员工G 工资: 12650
姓名: 员工I 工资: 19337
*/
总结: