YOLOV5中添加CBAM模块详解——原理+代码

目录

  • 一、前言
  • 二、CAM
        • 1. CAM计算过程
        • 2. 代码实现
        • 3. 流程图
  • 三、SAM
        • 1. SAM计算过程
        • 2. 代码实现
        • 3. 流程图
  • 四、YOLOv5中添加CBAM模块
  • 参考文章

一、前言

  由于卷积操作通过融合通道和空间信息来提取特征(通过 N × N N×N N×N的卷积核与原特征图相乘,融合空间信息;通过不同通道的特征图加权求和,融合通道信息),论文提出的Convolutional Block Attention Module(CBAM)沿两个独立的维度(通道和空间)依次学习特征,然后与学习后的特征图与输入特征图相乘,进行自适应特征细化。

YOLOV5中添加CBAM模块详解——原理+代码_第1张图片

图1-1 CBAM结构图

  上图可以看到,CBAM包含CAM(Channel Attention Module)和SAM(Spartial Attention Module)两个子模块,分别进行通道和空间上的Attention。这样不只能够节约参数和计算力,并且保证了其能够做为即插即用的模块集成到现有的网络架构中去。

二、CAM

1. CAM计算过程

YOLOV5中添加CBAM模块详解——原理+代码_第2张图片

图2-1 CAM结构图

  输入特征图 F F F首先经过两个并行的MaxPool层和AvgPool层,将特征图的维度从 C × H × W C×H×W C×H×W变为 C × 1 × 1 C×1×1 C×1×1,然后经过Shared MLP模块。在该模块中,它先将通道数压缩为原来的 1 / r 1/r 1/r倍,再经过ReLU激活函数,然后扩张到原通道数。将这两个输出结果进行逐元素相加,再通过一个sigmoid激活函数得到Channel Attention的输出结果,然后将这个输出结果与原图相乘,变回 C × H × W C×H×W C×H×W的大小。

  上述过程的计算公式如下:

M c ( F ) = σ ( M L P ( A v g P o o l ( F ) ) + M L P ( M a x P o o l ( F ) ) ) M_{c}(F)=\sigma (MLP(AvgPool(F))+MLP(MaxPool(F))) Mc(F)=σ(MLP(AvgPool(F))+MLP(MaxPool(F)))
= σ ( W 1 ( W 0 ( F a v g c ) ) + W 1 ( W 0 ( F m a x c ) ) ) =\sigma (W_{1}(W_{0}(F^{c}_{avg}))+W_{1}(W_{0}(F^{c}_{max}))) =σ(W1(W0(Favgc))+W1(W0(Fmaxc)))

  其中, σ \sigma σ代表sigmoid激活函数, W 0 ∈ R C / r × C W_{0}\in R^{C/r\times C} W0RC/r×C W 1 ∈ R C × C / r W_{1}\in R^{C\times C/r} W1RC×C/r,且MLP的权重 W 0 W_{0} W0 W 1 W_{1} W1对于输入来说是共享的,ReLU激活函数位于 W 0 W_{0} W0之后, W 1 W_{1} W1之前。

2. 代码实现

class ChannelAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_planes, ratio=16):
        super(ChannelAttention, self).__init__()
        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        self.max_pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d(1)

        self.f1 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, in_planes // ratio, 1, bias=False) # 上面公式中的W0
        self.relu = nn.ReLU()
        self.f2 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes // ratio, in_planes, 1, bias=False) # 上面公式中的W1

        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()

    def forward(self, x):
        avg_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.avg_pool(x))))
        max_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.max_pool(x))))
        out = self.sigmoid(avg_out + max_out)
        return torch.mul(x, out)

3. 流程图

  CAM过程的详细流程如下图所示:

YOLOV5中添加CBAM模块详解——原理+代码_第3张图片

图2-2 CAM流程图

三、SAM

1. SAM计算过程

YOLOV5中添加CBAM模块详解——原理+代码_第4张图片

图3-1 SAM结构图

  将Channel Attention的输出结果通过最大池化和平均池化得到两个 1 × H × W 1×H×W 1×H×W的特征图,然后经过Concat操作对两个特征图进行拼接,再通过 7 × 7 7×7 7×7卷积将特征图的通道数变为 1 1 1(实验证明 7 × 7 7×7 7×7效果比 3 × 3 3×3 3×3好),再经过一个sigmoid得到Spatial Attention的特征图,最后将输出结果与原输入特征图相乘,变回CHW大小。

  上述过程的计算公式如下:

M s ( F ) = σ ( f 7 × 7 ( [ A v g P o o l ( F ) ; M a x P o o l ( F ) ] ) ) M_{s}(F)=\sigma (f^{7\times 7}([AvgPool(F);MaxPool(F)])) Ms(F)=σ(f7×7([AvgPool(F);MaxPool(F)]))

= σ ( f 7 × 7 ( [ F a v g s ; F m a x s ] ) ) =\sigma (f^{7\times 7}([F^{s}_{avg};F^{s}_{max}])) =σ(f7×7([Favgs;Fmaxs]))

  其中, σ \sigma σ代表sigmoid激活函数, f 7 × 7 f^{7\times 7} f7×7代表卷积核大小为 7 × 7 7×7 7×7的卷积过程。

2. 代码实现

class SpatialAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, kernel_size=7):
        super(SpatialAttention, self).__init__()

        assert kernel_size in (3, 7), 'kernel size must be 3 or 7'
        padding = 3 if kernel_size == 7 else 1

        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(2, 1, kernel_size, padding=padding, bias=False)
        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()

    def forward(self, x):
        avg_out = torch.mean(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)
        max_out, _ = torch.max(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)
        out = torch.cat([avg_out, max_out], dim=1)
        out = self.sigmoid(self.conv(out))
        return torch.mul(x, out)

3. 流程图

  SAM过程的详细流程如下图所示:

YOLOV5中添加CBAM模块详解——原理+代码_第5张图片

图3-2 SAM流程图

四、YOLOv5中添加CBAM模块

  • 修改common.py
    在common.py中添加下列代码:
class ChannelAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_planes, ratio=16):
        super(ChannelAttention, self).__init__()
        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        self.max_pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d(1)

        self.f1 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, in_planes // ratio, 1, bias=False)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU()
        self.f2 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes // ratio, in_planes, 1, bias=False)

        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()

    def forward(self, x):
        avg_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.avg_pool(x))))
        max_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.max_pool(x))))
        out = self.sigmoid(avg_out + max_out)
        return torch.mul(x, out)


class SpatialAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, kernel_size=7):
        super(SpatialAttention, self).__init__()

        assert kernel_size in (3, 7), 'kernel size must be 3 or 7'
        padding = 3 if kernel_size == 7 else 1

        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(2, 1, kernel_size, padding=padding, bias=False)
        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()

    def forward(self, x):
        avg_out = torch.mean(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)
        max_out, _ = torch.max(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)
        out = torch.cat([avg_out, max_out], dim=1)
        out = self.sigmoid(self.conv(out))
        return torch.mul(x, out)


class CBAMC3(nn.Module):
    # CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):  # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
        super(CBAMC3, self).__init__()
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1)
        self.m = nn.Sequential(*[Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)])
        self.channel_attention = ChannelAttention(c2, 16)
        self.spatial_attention = SpatialAttention(7)

    def forward(self, x):
   		# 将最后的标准卷积模块改为了注意力机制提取特征
        return self.spatial_attention(
            self.channel_attention(self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), dim=1))))
  • 修改yolo.py
    在yolo.py的if m in [Conv, GhostConv, Bottleneck, GhostBottleneck, SPP, DWConv, MixConv2d, Focus, CrossConv, BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR,......]中添加CBAMC3,即修改后的代码为:
        if m in [Conv, GhostConv, Bottleneck, GhostBottleneck, SPP, DWConv, MixConv2d, Focus, CrossConv, BottleneckCSP,
                 C3, C3TR, ASPP, CBAMC3]:
            c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]  
            if c2 != no:  
                c2 = make_divisible(c2 * gw, 8)  
            args = [c1, c2, *args[1:]] 
  • 修改yolov5s.yaml
    修改后的yolov5s.yaml如下:
# YOLOv5  by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license

# Parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
depth_multiple: 0.33  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50  # layer channel multiple
anchors:
  - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args]
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]],  # 0-P1/2
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],  # 1-P2/4
   [-1, 3, CBAMC3, [128]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],  # 3-P3/8
   [-1, 6, CBAMC3, [256]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],  # 5-P4/16
   [-1, 9, CBAMC3, [512]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],  # 7-P5/32
   [-1, 3, CBAMC3, [1024]],
   [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]],  # 9
  ]

# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
head:
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 13

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P3
   [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]],  # 17 (P3/8-small)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 20 (P4/16-medium)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P5
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]],  # 23 (P5/32-large)

   [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]],  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  ]

参考文章

CBAM——即插即用的注意力模块(附代码)

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