Student: Could you define the term "burn"?
你能告诉我们烧伤的定义吗？
Professor: A burn an injury to tissue resulting from heat, chemicals or electricity.
烧伤是由于高热，化学物品或者电击导致的组织损伤。
S: Oh, I see. Most people think heat is the only cause of burns, but some chemicals and electrical current can cause burns as well. Is skin the only part that is easily injured by burn?
我明白了，许多人以为高热是烧伤唯一的原因，还有许多化学物品和电击也可以引起烧伤。皮肤是唯一容易被烧伤的地方吗？
P: No, not always. The tissues under it can also be burned, and internal organs can be burned even when the skin is not
不全是。皮下组织也可被烧伤，甚至皮肤未烧伤时，内部器官也可被烧伤。
S: Could you give an example?
能举个例子吗？
P: Yes, drinking a very hot liquid or caustic substance can burn the esopagus and stomach.
例如，引用热的流质或者腐蚀性物质都能引起食管和胃的灼伤。
S：What will happen if tissues are burned?
组织烧伤后会发生什么情况？
P: They may die. When tissues are damaged by a burn, fluid leaks from blood vessels, causing swelling.
烧伤的组织可能会死掉，当组织因灼伤而被破坏，体液就会从血管向外渗透，引起肿胀。
S：What if a large amount of fluids leak from blood vessels?
倘若大量体液从血管向外渗透将会怎样呢？
P： In an extensive burn, loss of a large amount of fluids from abnormally leaky blood vessels can cause shock.
大面积烧伤引起大量体液从异常破损血管流失，可以导致休克。
S：Which parts of the body may be severely damaged in electrical burns?
电烧伤会引起身体哪些部位严重受损呢？
P：Most electrical burns severely damaged the tissues under the skin. These burns may affect an area much larger that indicated by the area of injured skin.
大多数电烧伤会严重损伤皮下组织。这些烧伤影响的面积远大于损伤皮肤的面积。
S：So electrical burn is a vital problem, isn't it?
那么电烧伤是生死攸关的问题是吗？
P： Yes, severe electrical shocks can paralyze breathing and disturb heart rhythem, causing dangerously irregular heartbeats.
是的，严重的电休克可以是患者停止呼吸，扰乱心律，引起严重的不规则心跳。
S：Then what are the common sources of chemical burns?
化学灼伤的常见来源是什么呢？
P：Chemical burns can be caused by various irritants, poisons, etc.
化学灼伤可由各种刺激物，毒药等引起。
S：Could you tell us what materials irritants include?
可以告诉我们刺激物包括什么吗？
P：These include strong acids and alkali, phenols and cresols.
包括强酸，强碱，酚和甲酚。
S：What about the damage?
损伤情况呢？
P：Chemical burns can cause tissue death that can slowly spread for hours after the burn.
化学灼伤能引起组织死亡，它可以在灼伤后缓慢的蔓延几个小时。