python openpyxl

1、python 新建execl，写入数据：

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook() #创建文件对象

grab the active worksheet

ws = wb.active #获取第一个sheet

Data can be assigned directly to cells

ws['A1'] = 42 #写入数字
ws['B1'] = "你好"+"automation test" #写入中文（unicode中文也可）

Rows can also be appended

ws.append([1, 2, 3]) #写入多个单元格

Python types will automatically be converted

import datetime
import time
ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now() #写入一个当前时间

写入一个自定义的时间格式

ws['A3'] =time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d{d} %H{h}%M{f}%S{s}').format(y='年',m='月',d='日',h='时',f='分',s='秒')

Save the file

wb.save("sample.xlsx")

2、操作表单：

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()

ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheet
ws1.title = "New Title" #设定一个sheet的名字
ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) #设定sheet的插入位置 默认插在后面
ws2.title = u"你好" #设定一个sheet的名字 必须是Unicode

ws1.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA" #设定sheet的标签的背景颜色

获取某个sheet对象

print(wb.get_sheet_by_name("你好"))
print(wb["New Title" ])

获取全部sheet 的名字，遍历sheet名字

print(wb.sheetnames)
for sheet_name in wb.sheetnames:
print(sheet_name)

print(""50)

for sheet in wb:
print(sheet.title)

复制一个sheet

wb["New Title" ]["A1"]="zeke"
source = wb["New Title" ]
target = wb.copy_worksheet(source)

w3 = wb.copy_worksheet(wb['new title'])

ws3.title = 'new2'

wb.copy_worksheet(wb['new title']).title = 'hello'

Save the file

wb.save("sample1.xlsx")

3、操作单元格：

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheet

ws1["A1"]=123.11
ws1["B2"]="你好"
d = ws1.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)

print ws1["A1"].value
print ws1["B2"].value
print d.value

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

4、多行操作、多列操作,wt["A:C"]

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()

ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheet

ws1["A1"]=1
ws1["A2"]=2
ws1["A3"]=3

ws1["B1"]=4
ws1["B2"]=5
ws1["B3"]=6

ws1["C1"]=7
ws1["C2"]=8
ws1["C3"]=9

操作单列

print ws1["A"]
for cell in ws1["A"]:
print cell.value

操作多列,获取每一个值

print ws1["A:C"]
for column in ws1["A:C"]:
for cell in column:
print cell.value

操作多行

row_range = ws1[1:3]
print row_range
for row in row_range:
for cell in row:
print cell.value

print ""50
for row in ws1.iter_rows(min_row=1, min_col=1, max_col=3, max_row=3):
for cell in row:
print cell.value

获取所有行

print ws1.rows
for row in ws1.rows:
print row

print ""50

获取所有列

print ws1.columns
for col in ws1.columns:
print col

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

5、wb.guess_type =False ，显示原始格式：

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('e:\sample.xlsx')
wb.guess_types = False
ws=wb.active
ws["D1"]="12%"
print ws["D1"].value
wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

结果会打印百分数

6、load_workbook

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('e:\sample.xlsx')
wb.guess_types = True #猜测格式类型
ws=wb.active
ws["D1"]="12%"
print ws["D1"].value

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

注意如果原文件有一些图片或者图标，则保存的时候可能会导致图片丢失

7、number_format单元格类型

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
import datetime
wb = load_workbook('e:\sample.xlsx')

ws=wb.active
wb.guess_types = True

ws["A1"]=datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
print ws["A1"].number_format

ws["A2"]="12%"
print ws["A2"].number_format

ws["A3"]= 1.1
print ws["A4"].number_format

ws["A4"]= "中国"
print ws["A5"].number_format

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")
执行结果：
yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss
0%
General
General

如果是常规，显示general,如果是数字，显示'0.00_ '，如果是百分数显示0%

数字需要在Excel中设置数字类型，直接写入的数字是常规类型

8、使用公式：

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('e:\sample.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active

ws1["A1"]=1
ws1["A2"]=2
ws1["A3"]=3

ws1["A4"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
ws1["A5"] = "=SUM(A1:A3)"

print ws1["A4"].value #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值
print ws1["A5"].value #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

9、合并单元格merge_cells,unmerge_cells

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('e:\sample.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active

ws.merge_cells('A2:D2')
ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2') #合并后的单元格，脚本单独执行拆分操作会报错，需要重新执行合并操作再拆分

or equivalently

ws.merge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

10、addImage插入图片

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

wb = load_workbook('e:\sample.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active

img = Image('e:\1.png')
ws1.add_image(img, 'A1')

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

11、hidden 隐藏列

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

wb = load_workbook('e:\sample.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active

ws1.column_dimensions.group('A', 'D', hidden=True) #隐藏a到d列范围内的列

ws1.row_dimensions 无group方法

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

12、BarChart画柱状图
12、 画一个柱状图

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Reference, Series

wb = load_workbook('e:\sample.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
for i in range(10):
ws.append([i])

values = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_col=1, max_row=10)
chart = BarChart()
chart.add_data(values)
ws.add_chart(chart, "E15")

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

13、画饼图：piechart

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import (PieChart , ProjectedPieChart, Reference)
from openpyxl.chart.series import DataPoint

data = [
['Pie', 'Sold'],
['Apple', 50],
['Cherry', 30],
['Pumpkin', 10],
['Chocolate', 40],
]

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

for row in data:
ws.append(row)

pie = PieChart()
labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5)
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5)
pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
pie.set_categories(labels)
pie.title = "Pies sold by category"

Cut the first slice out of the pie

slice = DataPoint(idx=0, explosion=20)
pie.series[0].data_points = [slice]

ws.add_chart(pie, "D1")

ws = wb.create_sheet(title="Projection")

data = [
['Page', 'Views'],
['Search', 95],
['Products', 4],
['Offers', 0.5],
['Sales', 0.5],
]

for row in data:
ws.append(row)

projected_pie = ProjectedPieChart()
projected_pie.type = "pie"
projected_pie.splitType = "val" # split by value
labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5)
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5)
projected_pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
projected_pie.set_categories(labels)

ws.add_chart(projected_pie, "A10")

from copy import deepcopy
projected_bar = deepcopy(projected_pie)
projected_bar.type = "bar"
projected_bar.splitType = 'pos' # split by position

ws.add_chart(projected_bar, "A27")

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

14 划分表格区域，并设定表格样式

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.worksheet.table import Table, TableStyleInfo

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

data = [
['Apples', 10000, 5000, 8000, 6000],
['Pears', 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000],
['Bananas', 6000, 6000, 6500, 6000],
['Oranges', 500, 300, 200, 700],
]

add column headings. NB. these must be strings

ws.append(["Fruit", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014"])
for row in data:
ws.append(row)

tab = Table(displayName="Table1", ref="A1:E5")

Add a default style with striped rows and banded columns

style = TableStyleInfo(name="TableStyleMedium9", showFirstColumn=True,
showLastColumn=True, showRowStripes=True, showColumnStripes=True)

第一列是否和样式第一行颜色一行，第二列是否···

是否隔行换色，是否隔列换色

tab.tableStyleInfo = style
ws.add_table(tab)

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

15、给单元格设定字体样式：

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
ft = Font(color=colors.RED) # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色
a1.font = ft
d4.font = ft

If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::

italic 倾斜字体

a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1
a1.value = "abc"

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

16、设定字体和大小

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
a1.value = "abc"

from openpyxl.styles import Font
from copy import copy

ft1 = Font(name=u'宋体', size=14)
ft2 = copy(ft1) #复制字体对象
ft2.name = "Tahoma"

print ft1.name
print ft2.name
print ft2.size # copied from the

a1.font = ft1

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

17、给整行和整列设定字体

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

col = ws.column_dimensions['A']
col.font = Font(bold=True) #将A列设定为粗体
row = ws.row_dimensions[1]
row.font = Font(underline="single") #将第一行设定为下划线格式

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")

18、给单元格设定背景和边框

-- coding: utf-8 --

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

highlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight")
highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")
highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")#背景填充
bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000")
highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd)

print dir(ws["A1"])
ws["A1"].style =highlight

Save the file

wb.save("e:\sample.xlsx")