对最近的RTP和H264学习进行总结整理-04.20

  虽然还是没有搞出来,但总感觉快了哈哈(哪来的自信)

  1、RTP协议接受数据

#region 1-RTP协议变量声明 RTPSession session; RTPReceiver receiver; RTPParticipant participant; private Dictionary<uint, List<RTPPacket>> Clients; #endregion #region 对RTP进行初始化,并接收数据,调用之后就可以接收数据了 session = new RTPSession(); receiver = new RTPReceiver(); IPEndPoint rtpEp = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.109"), 5000); participant = new RTPParticipant(rtpEp); receiver.AddParticipant(participant); session.NewRTPPacket = new RTPSession.NewRTPPacket_Callback(NewRTPPacket); session.AddReceiver(receiver); Clients = new Dictionary<uint, List<RTPPacket>>(); #endregion

 

  其中NewRTPPackt是

public delegate bool NewRTPPacket_Callback(

    RTPPacket packet

)

类型的委托。packet为接收到的RTP包,我们就对这些包进行处理得到想要的帧,然后再把帧进行解码,得到想要的图像(我是这样理解的)

  2、H.264进行解码

  我从网络上搜索到了一个海思的DLL,可以对H.264进行解码

  

#region 解码器相关变量声明

        /// <summary>

        /// 数据的句柄

        /// </summary>

        IntPtr pData;

        /// <summary>

        /// 这是解码器属性信息

        /// </summary>

        public H264Dec.hiH264_DEC_ATTR_S decAttr;

        /// <summary>

        /// 这是解码器输出图像信息

        /// </summary>

        public H264Dec.hiH264_DEC_FRAME_S _decodeFrame = new H264Dec.hiH264_DEC_FRAME_S();

        /// <summary>

        /// 解码器句柄

        /// </summary>

        public IntPtr _decHandle; 

#endregion





 #region 解码器相关初始化,一般在窗口load中进行初始化

            decAttr = new H264Dec.hiH264_DEC_ATTR_S();

            decAttr.uPictureFormat = 0;

            decAttr.uStreamInType = 0;

            decAttr.uPicWidthInMB = 480 >> 4;

            decAttr.uPicHeightInMB = 640 >> 4;

            decAttr.uBufNum = 8;

            decAttr.uWorkMode = 16;

            //创建、初始化解码器句柄

            _decHandle = H264Dec.Hi264DecCreate(ref decAttr);

            //_decodeFrame = new H264Dec.hiH264_DEC_FRAME_S();

#endregion





//这一写代码就是h264解码的代码,其中未声明的函数和变量会在下面进行声明给出,主要是讲YUV转为RGB,在保存为Bitmap文件

if (H264Dec.Hi264DecAU(_decHandle, pData, (uint)newData.Length, 0, ref _decodeFrame, 0) == 0)

                {

                    if (_decodeFrame.bError == 0)

                    {

                        //策画 y u v 的长度

                        var yLength = _decodeFrame.uHeight * _decodeFrame.uYStride;

                        var uLength = _decodeFrame.uHeight * _decodeFrame.uUVStride / 2;

                        var vLength = uLength;

                        var yBytes = new byte[yLength];

                        var uBytes = new byte[uLength];

                        var vBytes = new byte[vLength];

                        var decodedBytes = new byte[yLength + uLength + vLength];



                        //_decodeFrame 是解码后的数据对象,里面包含 YUV 数据、宽度、高度等信息



                        Marshal.Copy(_decodeFrame.pY, yBytes, 0, (int)yLength);

                        Marshal.Copy(_decodeFrame.pU, uBytes, 0, (int)uLength);

                        Marshal.Copy(_decodeFrame.pV, vBytes, 0, (int)vLength);



                        //将从 _decodeFrame 中取出的 YUV 数据放入 decodedBytes 中

                        Array.Copy(yBytes, decodedBytes, yLength);

                        Array.Copy(uBytes, 0, decodedBytes, yLength, uLength);

                        Array.Copy(vBytes, 0, decodedBytes, yLength + uLength, vLength);



                        ConvertYUV2RGB(yuv, rgb, width, height);

                        ConvertYUV2RGB(decodedBytes, rgb, width, height);

                        // 写 BMP 文件。

                        WriteBMP(rgb, width, height, string.Format("E:\\test\\yuv2bmp_{0}.bmp", index++));

                    }

                }

  其中pData为需要的一帧数据,因为pData为Intptr类型,而一帧数据是byte[]类型,所以我从网上查了查怎么转换,下面是代码,newData是byte【】,pData是intptr类型。

 GCHandle hObject = GCHandle.Alloc(newData, GCHandleType.Pinned);

 pData = hObject.AddrOfPinnedObject();

  H264解码类

public class H264Dec

    {

        public const int HI_SUCCESS = 0;



        public const int HI_FAILURE = -1;



        public const int HI_LITTLE_ENDIAN = 1234;



        public const int HI_BIG_ENDIAN = 4321;



        public const int HI_DECODER_SLEEP_TIME = 60000;



        public const int HI_H264DEC_OK = 0;



        public const int HI_H264DEC_NEED_MORE_BITS = -1;



        public const int HI_H264DEC_NO_PICTURE = -2;



        public const int HI_H264DEC_ERR_HANDLE = -3;







        [DllImport("hi_h264dec_w.dll", EntryPoint = "Hi264DecImageEnhance", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]

        public static extern int Hi264DecImageEnhance(IntPtr hDec, ref hiH264_DEC_FRAME_S pDecFrame, uint uEnhanceCoeff);



        [DllImport("hi_h264dec_w.dll", EntryPoint = "Hi264DecCreate", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]

        public static extern IntPtr Hi264DecCreate(ref hiH264_DEC_ATTR_S pDecAttr);



        [DllImport("hi_h264dec_w.dll", EntryPoint = "Hi264DecDestroy", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]

        public static extern void Hi264DecDestroy(IntPtr hDec);





        [DllImport("hi_h264dec_w.dll", EntryPoint = "Hi264DecGetInfo", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]

        public static extern int Hi264DecGetInfo(ref hiH264_LIBINFO_S pLibInfo);



        /// <summary>

        /// 对输入的一段码流进行解码并按帧输出图像

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="hDec">解码器句柄</param>

        /// <param name="pStream">码流起始地址</param>

        /// <param name="iStreamLen">码流长度</param>

        /// <param name="ullPTS">时间戳信息</param>

        /// <param name="pDecFrame">图像信息</param>

        /// <param name="uFlags">解码模式 0:正常解码;1、解码完毕并要求解码器输出残留图像</param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        [DllImport("hi_h264dec_w.dll", EntryPoint = "Hi264DecFrame", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]

        public static extern int Hi264DecFrame(IntPtr hDec, IntPtr pStream, uint iStreamLen, ulong ullPTS, ref hiH264_DEC_FRAME_S pDecFrame, uint uFlags);



        [DllImport("hi_h264dec_w.dll", EntryPoint = "Hi264DecAU", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]

        public static extern int Hi264DecAU(IntPtr hDec, IntPtr pStream, uint iStreamLen, ulong ullPTS, ref hiH264_DEC_FRAME_S pDecFrame, uint uFlags);

        /// <summary>

        /// 解码器属性信息。

        /// </summary>

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

        public struct hiH264_DEC_ATTR_S

        {

            /// <summary>

            /// 解码器输出图像格式,目前解码库只支持YUV420图像格式

            /// </summary>

            public uint uPictureFormat;

            /// <summary>

            /// 输入码流格式 0x00: 目前解码库只支持以“00 00 01”为nalu分割符的流式H.264码流 

            /// </summary>

            public uint uStreamInType;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像宽度

            /// </summary>

            public uint uPicWidthInMB;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像高度

            /// </summary>

            public uint uPicHeightInMB;

            /// <summary>

            /// 参考帧数目

            /// </summary>

            public uint uBufNum;

            /// <summary>

            /// 解码器工作模式

            /// </summary>

            public uint uWorkMode;

            /// <summary>

            /// 用户私有数据

            /// </summary>

            public IntPtr pUserData;

            /// <summary>

            /// 保留字

            /// </summary>

            public uint uReserved;



        }



        /// <summary>

        /// 解码器输出图像信息数据结构

        /// </summary>

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

        public struct hiH264_DEC_FRAME_S

        {

            /// <summary>

            /// Y分量地址

            /// </summary>

            public IntPtr pY;

            /// <summary>

            /// U分量地址

            /// </summary>

            public IntPtr pU;

            /// <summary>

            /// V分量地址

            /// </summary>

            public IntPtr pV;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像宽度(以像素为单位)

            /// </summary>

            public uint uWidth;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像高度(以像素为单位)

            /// </summary>

            public uint uHeight;

            /// <summary>

            /// 输出Y分量的stride (以像素为单位)

            /// </summary>

            public uint uYStride;

            /// <summary>

            /// 输出UV分量的stride (以像素为单位)

            /// </summary>

            public uint uUVStride;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像裁减信息:左边界裁减像素数

            /// </summary>

            public uint uCroppingLeftOffset;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像裁减信息:右边界裁减像素数

            /// </summary>

            public uint uCroppingRightOffset;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像裁减信息:上边界裁减像素数

            /// </summary>

            public uint uCroppingTopOffset;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像裁减信息:下边界裁减像素数

            /// </summary>

            public uint uCroppingBottomOffset;

            /// <summary>

            /// 输出图像在dpb中的序号

            /// </summary>

            public uint uDpbIdx;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像类型:0:帧; 1:顶场; 2:底场 */

            /// </summary>

            public uint uPicFlag;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像类型:0:帧; 1:顶场; 2:底场 */

            /// </summary>

            public uint bError;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像是否为IDR帧:0:非IDR帧;1:IDR帧

            /// </summary>

            public uint bIntra;

            /// <summary>

            /// 时间戳

            /// </summary>

            public ulong ullPTS;

            /// <summary>

            /// 图像信号

            /// </summary>

            public uint uPictureID;

            /// <summary>

            /// 保留字

            /// </summary>

            public uint uReserved;

            /// <summary>

            /// 指向用户私有数据

            /// </summary>

            public IntPtr pUserData;



        }





        /// <summary>

        /// 解码库版本、版权和能力集信息。

        /// </summary>

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

        public struct hiH264_LIBINFO_S

        {

            /// <summary>

            /// 主编号

            /// </summary>

            public uint uMajor;

            /// <summary>

            /// 次编号

            /// </summary>

            public uint uMinor;

            /// <summary>

            /// 发布编号

            /// </summary>

            public uint uRelease;

            /// <summary>

            /// 建构编号

            /// </summary>

            public uint uBuild;

            /// <summary>

            /// 版本信息

            /// </summary>

            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]

            public string sVersion;

            /// <summary>

            /// 版权信息

            /// </summary>

            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]

            public string sCopyRight;

            /// <summary>

            /// 解码库能力集

            /// </summary>

            public uint uFunctionSet;

            /// <summary>

            /// 支持的输出图像格式

            /// </summary>

            public uint uPictureFormat;

            /// <summary>

            /// 输入码流格式

            /// </summary>

            public uint uStreamInType;

            /// <summary>

            /// 最大图像宽度(以像素为单位)

            /// </summary>

            public uint uPicWidth;

            /// <summary>

            /// 最大图像高度(以像素为单位)

            /// </summary>

            public uint uPicHeight;

            /// <summary>

            /// 最大参考帧数目

            /// </summary>

            public uint uBufNum;

            /// <summary>

            /// 保留字

            /// </summary>

            public uint uReserved;



        }



        /// <summary>

        /// 用户私有数据信息。

        /// </summary>

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

        public struct hiH264_USERDATA_S

        {

            /// <summary>

            /// 用户数据类型

            /// </summary>

            public uint uUserDataType;

            /// <summary>

            /// 用户数据长度

            /// </summary>

            public uint uUserDataSize;

            /// <summary>

            /// 用户数据缓冲区

            /// </summary>

            public IntPtr pData;

            /// <summary>

            /// 指向下一段用户数据

            /// </summary>

            public IntPtr pNext;

        }

    }
View Code

  这是YUV转RGB图像。

        /// <summary>

        /// 将转换后的 RGB 图像数据按照 BMP 格式写入文件。

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="rgbFrame">RGB 格式图像数据。</param>

        /// <param name="width">图像宽(单位:像素)。</param>

        /// <param name="height">图像高(单位:像素)。</param>

        /// <param name="bmpFile"> BMP 文件名。</param>

        static void WriteBMP(byte[] rgbFrame, int width, int height, string bmpFile)

        {

            // 写 BMP 图像文件。

            int yu = width * 3 % 4;

            int bytePerLine = 0;

            yu = yu != 0 ? 4 - yu : yu;

            bytePerLine = width * 3 + yu;



            using (FileStream fs = File.Open(bmpFile, FileMode.Create))

            {

                using (BinaryWriter bw = new BinaryWriter(fs))

                {

                    bw.Write('B');

                    bw.Write('M');

                    bw.Write(bytePerLine * height + 54);

                    bw.Write(0);

                    bw.Write(54);

                    bw.Write(40);

                    bw.Write(width);

                    bw.Write(height);

                    bw.Write((ushort)1);

                    bw.Write((ushort)24);

                    bw.Write(0);

                    bw.Write(bytePerLine * height);

                    bw.Write(0);

                    bw.Write(0);

                    bw.Write(0);

                    bw.Write(0);



                    byte[] data = new byte[bytePerLine * height];

                    int gIndex = width * height;

                    int bIndex = gIndex * 2;



                    for (int y = height - 1, j = 0; y >= 0; y--, j++)

                    {

                        for (int x = 0, i = 0; x < width; x++)

                        {

                            data[y * bytePerLine + i++] = rgbFrame[bIndex + j * width + x];    // B

                            data[y * bytePerLine + i++] = rgbFrame[gIndex + j * width + x];    // G

                            data[y * bytePerLine + i++] = rgbFrame[j * width + x];  // R

                        }

                    }



                    bw.Write(data, 0, data.Length);

                    bw.Flush();

                }

            }

        }



        /// <summary>

        /// 将一桢 YUV 格式的图像转换为一桢 RGB 格式图像。

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="yuvFrame">YUV 格式图像数据。</param>

        /// <param name="rgbFrame">RGB 格式图像数据。</param>

        /// <param name="width">图像宽(单位:像素)。</param>

        /// <param name="height">图像高(单位:像素)。</param>

        static void ConvertYUV2RGB(byte[] yuvFrame, byte[] rgbFrame, int width, int height)

        {

            int uIndex = width * height;

            int vIndex = uIndex + ((width * height) >> 2);

            int gIndex = width * height;

            int bIndex = gIndex * 2;



            int temp = 0;



            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)

            {

                for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)

                {

                    // R分量

                    temp = (int)(yuvFrame[y * width + x] + (yuvFrame[vIndex + (y / 2) * (width / 2) + x / 2] - 128) * YUV2RGB_CONVERT_MATRIX[0, 2]);

                    rgbFrame[y * width + x] = (byte)(temp < 0 ? 0 : (temp > 255 ? 255 : temp));



                    // G分量

                    temp = (int)(yuvFrame[y * width + x] + (yuvFrame[uIndex + (y / 2) * (width / 2) + x / 2] - 128) * YUV2RGB_CONVERT_MATRIX[1, 1] + (yuvFrame[vIndex + (y / 2) * (width / 2) + x / 2] - 128) * YUV2RGB_CONVERT_MATRIX[1, 2]);

                    rgbFrame[gIndex + y * width + x] = (byte)(temp < 0 ? 0 : (temp > 255 ? 255 : temp));



                    // B分量

                    temp = (int)(yuvFrame[y * width + x] + (yuvFrame[uIndex + (y / 2) * (width / 2) + x / 2] - 128) * YUV2RGB_CONVERT_MATRIX[2, 1]);

                    rgbFrame[bIndex + y * width + x] = (byte)(temp < 0 ? 0 : (temp > 255 ? 255 : temp));

                }

            }

        }
View Code

  

3、这可能就是我遇到问题的地方了,怎么把RTPPack中的包数据转换为一帧图像信息,我找到的资料是;

  

#region 对收到的数据进行处理

            if (!Clients.ContainsKey(packet.SSRC))//如果接受端第一次接受到某源的数据,则加入到

            {

                if (Clients.Count < 4)//如果发送端为4,则丢弃包

                {

                    Clients.Add(packet.SSRC, new List<RTPPacket> { packet });

                    //ImagesBoxMapping[ImagesBoxMapping.First(pair => pair.Value == null).Key] = packet.SSRC;

                }

            }

            else

            {

                Clients[packet.SSRC].Add(packet);

            }



            if (packet.Marker)//如果已经发送完毕

            {

                //丢包检测

                var orderPackets = Clients[packet.SSRC].OrderBy(rtpPacket => rtpPacket.SequenceNumber);

                if (Clients[packet.SSRC].Count != (orderPackets.Last().SequenceNumber - orderPackets.First().SequenceNumber + 1))

                {

                    Clients[packet.SSRC].Clear();//清空缓存区

                    return true;

                }



                //1.包重组

                var count = Clients[packet.SSRC].Sum(rtpPacket => rtpPacket.DataSize);//数据总数



                var newData = new byte[count];



                long offSet = 0;

                foreach (var rtpPacket in Clients[packet.SSRC])

                {

                    Array.Copy(rtpPacket.DataPointer, 0, newData, offSet, rtpPacket.DataSize);

                    offSet += rtpPacket.DataSize;

                }

                Clients[packet.SSRC].Clear();//清空缓存区

  这里我理解的是newData里面就是一帧数据,但我测试了一下不对(晕)。

  4、总结

  这几天一直想要尽快做出来,却总没有办法深入去研究视频方面的东西。比如得到的包怎么变为一帧,怎么从一帧里面提取需要的数据,什么PPS、SPS、IDR都是什么,虽然知道名词,但总没法很明确的说出来。

  我的解码思路是:RTP协议收到包后(这一步没有问题),将包的数据转为帧(这个地方可能出问题了,也可能是传过来的帧数据不符合解码的要求),再把一帧的数据传给H264解码类解码,解码后输出的是YUV,YUV->RGB->图片进行显示就可以了。这是我的思路,但没有成功。如果读者您懂这一方面,还希望给我指导。谢谢

  每天写一点点,就能进步一点点.

  晚上更新:

  H264起始码有时是0x00000001,有时是0x000001,这两种的区别是:一共有两种起始码:3字节的0x000001和4字节的0x00000001,3字节的0x000001只有一种场合下使用,就是一个完整的帧被编为多个slice的时候,包含这些slice的nalu使用3字节起始码。其余场合都是4字节的。而海思的解码库中说的很清楚,只能解0x000001起始码的nalu,而我测试的都是0x00000001四个字节的,所以这方面可能出了点问题。哎,基础只是不好就是容易出现错误。使用VLC.NET开源可以解决RTP发送的H264码流,明天进行总结.

  

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