php实现websocket实时消息推送

一、socket协议的简介

WebSocket是什么,有什么优点

WebSocket是一个持久化的协议,这是相对于http非持久化来说的。应用层协议

举个简单的例子,http1.0的生命周期是以request作为界定的,也就是一个request,一个response,对于http来说,本次client与server的会话到此结束;而在http1.1中,稍微有所改进,即添加了keep-alive,也就是在一个http连接中可以进行多个request请求和多个response接受操作。然而在实时通信中,并没有多大的作用,http只能由client发起请求,server才能返回信息,即server不能主动向client推送信息,无法满足实时通信的要求。而WebSocket可以进行持久化连接,即client只需进行一次握手,成功后即可持续进行数据通信,值得关注的是WebSocket实现client与server之间全双工通信,即server端有数据更新时可以主动推送给client端。

二、介绍client与server之间的socket连接原理

1、下面是一个演示client和server之间建立WebSocket连接时握手部分

image

2、client与server建立socket时握手的会话内容,即request与response

a、client建立WebSocket时向服务器端请求的信息

GET /chat HTTP/1.1
  Host: server.example.com
  Upgrade: websocket //告诉服务器现在发送的是WebSocket协议
  Connection: Upgrade
  Sec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw== //是一个Base64 encode的值,这个是浏览器随机生成的,用于验证服务器端返回数据是否是WebSocket助理
  Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat, superchat
  Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
  Origin: http://example.com

b、服务器获取到client请求的信息后,根据WebSocket协议对数据进行处理并返回,其中要对Sec-WebSocket-Key进行加密等操作

HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
  Upgrade: websocket //依然是固定的,告诉客户端即将升级的是Websocket协议,而不是mozillasocket,lurnarsocket或者shitsocket
  Connection: Upgrade
  Sec-WebSocket-Accept: HSmrc0sMlYUkAGmm5OPpG2HaGWk= //这个则是经过服务器确认,并且加密过后的 Sec-WebSocket-Key,也就是client要求建立WebSocket验证的凭证
  Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat

3、socket建立连接原理图:

image

三、PHP中建立websocket的过程讲解
SocketService.php:

address = $address;
      }
      if(!empty($port)) {
        $this->port = $port;
      }
  }

  public function service(){
    //获取tcp协议号码。
    $tcp = getprotobyname("tcp");
    $sock = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $tcp);
    socket_set_option($sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1);
    if($sock < 0)
    {
      throw new Exception("failed to create socket: ".socket_strerror($sock)."\n");
    }
    socket_bind($sock, $this->address, $this->port);
    socket_listen($sock, $this->port);
    echo "listen on $this->address $this->port ... \n";
    $this->_sockets = $sock;
  }

  public function run(){
    $this->service();
    $clients[] = $this->_sockets;
    while (true){
      $changes = $clients;
      $write = NULL;
      $except = NULL;
//当select处于等待时,两个客户端中甲先发数据来,则socket_select会在$changes中保留甲的socket并往下运行,另一个客户端的socket就被丢弃了,所以再次循环时,变成只监听甲了,这个可以在新循环中把所有链接的客户端socket再次加进$changes中,则可以避免本程序的这个逻辑错误
      /** socket_select是阻塞,有数据请求才处理,否则一直阻塞
       * 此处$changes会读取到当前活动的连接
       * 比如执行socket_select前的数据如下(描述socket的资源ID):
       * $socket = Resource id #4
       * $changes = Array
       *       (
       *           [0] => Resource id #5 //客户端1
       *           [1] => Resource id #4 //server绑定的端口的socket资源
       *       )
       * 调用socket_select之后,此时有两种情况:
       * 情况一:如果是新客户端2连接,那么 $changes = array([1] => Resource id #4),此时用于接收新客户端2连接
       * 情况二:如果是客户端1(Resource id #5)发送消息,那么$changes = array([1] => Resource id #5),用户接收客户端1的数据
       *
       * 通过以上的描述可以看出,socket_select有两个作用,这也是实现了IO复用
       * 1、新客户端来了,通过 Resource id #4 介绍新连接,如情况一
       * 2、已有连接发送数据,那么实时切换到当前连接,接收数据,如情况二*/
      socket_select($changes, $write, $except, NULL);
      foreach ($changes as $key => $_sock){
        if($this->_sockets == $_sock){ //判断是不是新接入的socket
          if(($newClient = socket_accept($_sock)) === false){
            die('failed to accept socket: '.socket_strerror($_sock)."\n");
          }
          $line = trim(socket_read($newClient, 1024));
          if($line === false){
             socket_shutdown($newClient);
             socket_close($newClient);
             continue;
          }  
          $this->handshaking($newClient, $line);
          //获取client ip
          socket_getpeername ($newClient, $ip);
          $clients[$ip] = $newClient;
          echo "Client ip:{$ip}  \n";
          echo "Client msg:{$line} \n";
        } else {
          $byte = socket_recv($_sock, $buffer, 2048, 0);
          if($byte < 7) continue;
          $msg = $this->message($buffer);
          //在这里业务代码
          echo "{$key} clinet msg:",$msg,"\n";
          fwrite(STDOUT, 'Please input a argument:');
          $response = trim(fgets(STDIN));
          $this->send($_sock, $response);
          echo "{$key} response to Client:".$response,"\n";
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * 握手处理
   * @param $newClient socket
   * @return int 接收到的信息
   */
  public function handshaking($newClient, $line){

    $headers = array();
    $lines = preg_split("/\r\n/", $line);
    foreach($lines as $line)
    {
      $line = rtrim($line);
      if(preg_match('/^(\S+): (.*)$/', $line, $matches))
      {
        $headers[$matches[1]] = $matches[2];
      }
    }
    $secKey = $headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'];
    $secAccept = base64_encode(pack('H*', sha1($secKey . '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11')));
    $upgrade = "HTTP/1.1 101 Web Socket Protocol Handshake\r\n" .
      "Upgrade: websocket\r\n" .
      "Connection: Upgrade\r\n" .
      "WebSocket-Origin: $this->address\r\n" .
      "WebSocket-Location: ws://$this->address:$this->port/websocket/websocket\r\n".
      "Sec-WebSocket-Accept:$secAccept\r\n\r\n";
    return socket_write($newClient, $upgrade, strlen($upgrade));
  }

  /**
   * 解析接收数据
   * @param $buffer
   * @return null|string
   */
  public function message($buffer){
    $len = $masks = $data = $decoded = null;
    $len = ord($buffer[1]) & 127;
    if ($len === 126) {
      $masks = substr($buffer, 4, 4);
      $data = substr($buffer, 8);
    } else if ($len === 127) {
      $masks = substr($buffer, 10, 4);
      $data = substr($buffer, 14);
    } else {
      $masks = substr($buffer, 2, 4);
      $data = substr($buffer, 6);
    }
    for ($index = 0; $index < strlen($data); $index++) {
      $decoded .= $data[$index] ^ $masks[$index % 4];
    }
    return $decoded;
  }

  /**
   * 发送数据
   * @param $newClinet 新接入的socket
   * @param $msg  要发送的数据
   * @return int|string
   */
  public function send($newClinet, $msg){
    $msg = $this->frame($msg);
    socket_write($newClinet, $msg, strlen($msg));
  }

  public function frame($s) {
    $a = str_split($s, 125);
    if (count($a) == 1) {
      return "\x81" . chr(strlen($a[0])) . $a[0];
    }
    $ns = "";
    foreach ($a as $o) {
      $ns .= "\x81" . chr(strlen($o)) . $o;
    }
    return $ns;
  }

  /**
   * 关闭socket
   */
  public function close(){
    return socket_close($this->_sockets);
  }
}

$sock = new SocketService();
$sock->run();

web.html:



 
 
 
 websocket
 
 
 
 
 

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