C++包管理 - Conan包管理详细解读和应用
1. conan安装
1.1. 服务器安装
不要python2，用python3 >3.5
先安装pip：sudo apt install python3-pip
再安装conan：pip3 install conan
PATH生效：$ source ~/.profile
如果出现：conan: command not found
执行链接：sudo ln -s ~/.local/bin/conan /usr/bin/conan
1.2. WINDOWS本地安装
安装python3版本，注意把环境变量勾上。
设置pip源为内地源【下载更快】：pip3 config set global.index-url Simple Index
【防止跟本地Python2版本冲突，不要用pip，用pip3】
安装conan：cmd下 pip3 install conan
2. ubuntu升级本地python版本
2.1. ubuntu16.04升级为python3.8
yang-a@wps-1604:~$ python3 -V Python 3.5.2 yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo apt update yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo apt install software-properties-common yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo apt update yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo apt install python3.8 yang-a@wps-1604:~$ python3.8 -V Python 3.8.7 将 python 各版本添加到 update-alternatives yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.8 1 yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.5 2 yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo update-alternatives --config python3 There are 2 choices for the alternative python3 (providing /usr/bin/python3). Selection Path Priority Status ------------------------------------------------------------ * 0 /usr/bin/python3.5 2 auto mode 1 /usr/bin/python3.5 2 manual mode 2 /usr/bin/python3.8 1 manual mode Press
2.2. 配置pip
注意：通过apt-get安装python的distutils包时需要带上具体的版本，python3.8-distutils而不是python3-distutils
yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo apt-get install python3.8-distutils 自行下载get-pip.py yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo python3 get-pip.py -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ yang-a@wps-1604:~$ pip -V pip 20.3.3 from /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/pip (python 3.8) yang-a@wps-1604:~$ pip3 -V pip 20.3.3 from /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/pip (python 3.8) 配置阿里云源 yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo -H pip3 config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ Writing to /home/yang-a/.config/pip/pip.conf 装个conan试试 yang-a@wps-1604:~$ sudo pip3 install conan Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ Collecting conan Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/4a/3d/a9b097670956826c1b8c026b916b795e472c997054c2b172ba1556f416ef/conan-1.32.1.tar.gz (628 kB) |████████████████████████████████| 628 kB 4.7 MB/s Requirement already satisfied: requests<3.0.0,>=2.8.1 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from conan) (2.9.1) Requirement already satisfied: urllib3!=1.25.4,!=1.25.5,<1.26 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from conan) (1.13.1) Requirement already satisfied: six<=1.15.0,>=1.10.0 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from conan) (1.10.0) Collecting node-semver==0.6.1 Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/08/51/6cf3a2b18ca35cbe4ad3c7538a7c3dc0cb24e71629fb16e729c137d06432/node_semver-0.6.1-py3-none-any.whl (10 kB) Collecting bottle<0.13,>=0.12.8 Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/bf/44/aeafdd6ca05a8e1c3f91eeeb272a202d5cb1b3b23730a5ca686a81c48d24/bottle-0.12.19-py3-none-any.whl (89 kB) |████████████████████████████████| 89 kB 1.5 MB/s Collecting colorama<0.5.0,>=0.3.3 ...
2.3. 其他问题
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'gdbm'
解决办法：sudo apt-get install python3.8-gdbm
3. Conan变量
| Variable |
Description |
| ANDROID_ABI |
Just alias for CMAKE_ANDROID_ARCH_ABI |
| ANDROID_NDK |
Defined when one of ANDROID_NDK_ROOT or ANDROID_NDK_HOME environment variables presented |
| BUILD_SHARED_LIBS |
Only if your recipe has a shared option |
| CMAKE_ANDROID_ARCH_ABI |
Set to a suitable value if cross-building to an Android is detected |
| CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE |
Debug, Release… from self.settings.build_type or build_type attribute only if is_multi_configuration |
| CMAKE_EXPORT_NO_PACKAGE_REGISTRY |
Defined by default to disable the package registry |
| CMAKE_MODULE_PATH |
Set to conanfile.install_folder when using cmake_find_package or cmake_find_package_multi |
| CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES |
i386 if architecture is x86 in an OSX system |
| CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH |
Set to conanfile.install_folder when using cmake_find_package_multi |
| CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME |
Set to self.settings.os value if cross-building is detected |
| CMAKE_SYSROOT |
Defined if CONAN_CMAKE_SYSROOT is defined as environment variable |
| CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION |
Set to self.settings.os_version value if cross-building is detected |
| CONAN_CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS |
Set to ON or OFF value when GNU extensions for the given C++ standard are enabled |
| CONAN_CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD |
Set to the self.settings.compiler.cppstd value (or self.settings.cppstd for backward compatibility) |
| CONAN_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH |
Definition set only if same environment variable is declared by user |
| CONAN_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE |
Definition set only if same environment variable is declared by user |
| CONAN_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY |
Definition set only if same environment variable is declared by user |
| CONAN_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM |
Definition set only if same environment variable is declared by user |
| CONAN_CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE |
Set when fPIC option exists and True or fPIC exists and False but shared option exists and True |
| CONAN_CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR |
Definition set only if same environment variable is declared by user |
| CONAN_COMPILER |
Conan internal variable to check the compiler |
| CONAN_CXX_FLAGS |
Set to -m32 or -m64 values based on the architecture and /MP for MSVS |
| CONAN_C_FLAGS |
Set to -m32 or -m64 values based on the architecture and /MP for MSVS |
| CONAN_EXPORTED |
Defined when CMake is called using Conan CMake helper |
| CONAN_IN_LOCAL_CACHE |
ON if the build runs in local cache, OFF if running in a user folder |
| CONAN_LIBCXX |
Set to self.settings.compiler.libcxx value |
| CONAN_LINK_RUNTIME |
Set to the runtime value from self.settings.compiler.runtime for MSVS |
| CONAN_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS |
Set to -m32 or -m64 values based on the architecture |
| CONAN_STD_CXX_FLAG |
Set to the flag corresponding to the C++ standard defined in self.settings.compiler.cppstd. Used for CMake < 3.1) |
| Variable |
Description |
| CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR |
Set to bin inside the package folder. |
| CMAKE_INSTALL_DATAROOTDIR |
Set to share inside the package folder. |
| CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR |
Set to include inside the package folder. |
| CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR |
Set to lib inside the package folder. |
| CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBEXECDIR |
Set to bin inside the package folder. |
| CMAKE_INSTALL_OLDINCLUDEDIR |
Set to include inside the package folder. |
| CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX |
Set to conanfile.package_folder value. |
| CMAKE_INSTALL_SBINDIR |
Set to bin inside the package folder. |
| CONAN_USER_HOME |
conan工作目录 |
4. conan包名定义
Conan 最主要的功能就是可以管理好预编译好的二进制文件用于后续打包。
l 在 Conan 中，一个包的定义: 包名/版本@用户/渠道
l 同一个包在不同配置下(OS / Architecture / Build Type / Compiler / Compiler Version / compiler.libcxx)构建出的文件将分别保存并支持按需获取
举例：yw_asio/2.4.7@yw/CA9Gyw_asio/2.4.7@yw/N18B32
5. conan常用命令
5.1. 常用命令
其中常用的主要是下面三类：
l Consumer commands - 直译为用户/消费者命令，可以理解为客户端
l Creator commands - 直译为生产者命令，可以理解为服务端
l Package development commands - 打包命令
5.2. 我们一般用到的命令
Consumer
conan install
按照conanfile.txt的配置或者-s等参数项，下载需要的conan包或者相关配置。
conan install可以通过--profile参数指定一个文件来描述包信息（包括OS，compiler，arch等）进行校验；未指定时使用的是默认的profile，其位置在：【Linux：~/.conan/profiles/default，windows：C:\Users\XXX\.conan\profiles\default】
profile各字段支持量特别说明
os
['AIX', 'Android', 'Arduino', 'Emscripten', 'FreeBSD', 'Linux', 'Macos', 'Neutrino', 'SunOS', 'Windows', 'WindowsCE', 'WindowsStore', 'iOS', 'tvOS', 'watchOS']
os_build
['AIX', 'FreeBSD', 'Linux', 'Macos', 'SunOS', 'Windows', 'WindowsStore']
arch
['armv4', 'armv4i', 'armv5el', 'armv5hf', 'armv6', 'armv7', 'armv7hf', 'armv7k', 'armv7s', 'armv8', 'armv8.3', 'armv8_32', 'asm.js', 'avr', 'mips', 'mips64', 'ppc32', 'ppc32be', 'ppc64', 'ppc64le', 's390', 's390x', 'sh4le', 'sparc', 'sparcv9', 'wasm', 'x86', 'x86_64']
arch_build
['armv5el', 'armv5hf', 'armv6', 'armv7', 'armv7hf', 'armv7k', 'armv7s', 'armv8', 'armv8.3', 'armv8_32', 'avr', 'mips', 'mips64', 'ppc32', 'ppc32be', 'ppc64', 'ppc64le', 's390', 's390x', 'sh4le', 'sparc', 'sparcv9', 'x86', 'x86_64']
compiler
['Visual Studio', 'apple-clang', 'clang', 'gcc', 'intel', 'qcc', 'sun-cc']
compiler.version
clang - ['10', '11', '3.3', '3.4', '3.5', '3.6', '3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '4.0', '5.0', '6.0', '7.0', '7.1', '8', '9']
compiler.libcxx
['None', 'c++_shared', 'c++_static', 'libc++', 'libstdc++', 'libstdc++11']
build_type
['Debug', 'MinSizeRel', 'None', 'RelWithDebInfo', 'Release']
conan search
查询本地缓存包
conan remove XXX
删除本地XXX包或者带有XXX关键字的包
Creator
conan new
按照模板创建一个默认的confile.py
conan create
按照confile.py的配置在本地conan库创建一个conan包，其中包含了源码的管理，build的管理以及打包的管理
conan export-pkg
导出package到本地conan库，一般用-pf参数指定package文件夹的位置
conan upload
上传本地conan库到远程conan库，一般用-r参数指定远程库地址，否则按默认的远程库
Package
conan package
按照conanfile.py中package函数的要求打包到package文件夹
6. conan远程库
6.1. 服务器创建远程conan库
Repository Key取一个唯一的名字就行，这个名字就是地址。
6.2. conan本地配置远程库
类似于git里面的本地分支和远程分支的映射
conan remote add yw-conan http://172.16.1.223:9182/artifactory/api/conan/yw-conan
这句话的意思是：远程yw-conan仓http://172.16.1.223:9182/artifactory/api/conan/yw-conan在本地的名字为yw-conan，需要推送远程仓时，带上 -r yw-conan 参数就可以。
默认的情况下，verify_ssl参数为True，如果设置为False，带上False的参数即可：
conan remote add yw-conan http://172.16.1.223:9182/artifactory/api/conan/yw-conan False
conan远程的配置文件在:~/.conan/remotes.json，这个文件里面有描述。
windows默认在：c/Users/XXXXXXXX/.conan/remotes.json
6.3. conan远程库的搜索方式
conan远程的配置文件在:~/.conan/remotes.json
6.4. 【注意事项】
conan按照配置文件的顺序进行搜索，所以我们可以：
（1）把我们自己的库放在前面 或者
（2）删除我们不想搜索的库
conan在upload时如果不指定-r的话，默认按配置的第一个来。
If no remote is specified, the first configured remote (by default conan-center, use
'conan remote list' to list the remotes) will be used.
7. 让conan给普通用户使用
如果conan是root安装的，如何让普通用户使用
这种是权限问题，处理方式：
（1）卸载conan以及对应的依赖库
sudo pip3 uninstall XXX
（2）修改权限：
umask 022
（3）重新安装conan：
sudo pip3 install conan