Material Design 开发笔记 (持续更新...)

1. FitSystemWindow

在 layout 布局中设置 android:fitsSystemWindows="true" 到底发生了什么?
默认的 View的行为是在该属性设置后,系统通过在布局中预留出padding,使得布局有个相对的偏移。特别的, 在顶层layout是 CoordinatorLayoutDrawerLayout,或是CollapsingToolbarLayout时,这些layout (相比一般的布局,如FrameLayout) 已经有了自定义的行为。

1.1 以 CoordinatorLayout 为例

if (ViewCompat.getFitsSystemWindows(this)) {
    if (mApplyWindowInsetsListener == null) {
        mApplyWindowInsetsListener =
            new androidx.core.view.OnApplyWindowInsetsListener() {
                @Override
                public WindowInsetsCompat onApplyWindowInsets(View v,
                        WindowInsetsCompat insets) {
                    return setWindowInsets(insets);
                }
            };
    }
    // First apply the insets listener
    ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(this, mApplyWindowInsetsListener);

    // Now set the sys ui flags to enable us to lay out in the window insets
    setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE
            | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_FULLSCREEN);
}

在5.0+系统中, 其方法setupForInsets()会检测 fitsSystemWindows属性是否有设置过,如果有,则设置当前View的属性为View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_FULLSCREEN 然后进一步调用dispatchApplyWindowInsetsToBehaviors,将WindowInsetsCompat 传递个也设置过fitsSystemWindows子view的Behavior class,直至WindowInsetsCompat被最终消费掉(consumed)。

private WindowInsetsCompat dispatchApplyWindowInsetsToBehaviors(WindowInsetsCompat insets) {
    if (insets.isConsumed()) {
        return insets;
    }

    for (int i = 0, z = getChildCount(); i < z; i++) {
        final View child = getChildAt(i);
        if (ViewCompat.getFitsSystemWindows(child)) {
            final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
            final Behavior b = lp.getBehavior();

            if (b != null) {
                // If the view has a behavior, let it try first
                insets = b.onApplyWindowInsets(this, child, insets);
                if (insets.isConsumed()) {
                    // If it consumed the insets, break
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return insets;
}   

1.2 Inset issue (e.g. Fragment transition)

在单Activity 多Fragment的UI结构下,可能出现多个Fragment的布局都需要处理 Window insets的情况。而实际上ViewGroup#dispatchApplyWindowInsets()默认的实现中是会遍历子View (DFS),开始dispatch window insets 直至有子view消费了insets。这就意味着,一旦有子view消费了insets,后续的子view就不会再有机会处理insets。

所以对应的解决方法就是在Fragment的 Container中借助OnApplyWindowInsetsListener 改写处理insets的机制。

fragment_container.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener { view, insets ->
  var consumed = false

  (view as ViewGroup).forEach { child ->
    // Dispatch the insets to the child
    val childResult = child.dispatchApplyWindowInsets(insets)
    // If the child consumed the insets, record it
    if (childResult.isConsumed) {
      consumed = true
    }
  }

  // If any of the children consumed the insets, return
  // an appropriate value
  if (consumed) insets.consumeSystemWindowInsets() else insets
}

1.3 代码实践

  • 如果你使用了 CoordinatorLayout 或是 DrawerLayout,而且想要在system bars (包括status bar) 之下显示 View,可在其直接的子View中(递归地)指定android:fitsSystemWindows="true"

  • 对于当前status Bar颜色的设置,一般地为了能让自定义的view填充status bar的background区域,statusBarColor通常设置为transparent :
    Window#setStatusBarColor(int)
    或在Activity Theme中指定为:
    @android:color/transparent

  • 如果想要获取status bar的高度,不必使用hardcoded value (24 dp) 或是读取系统resource,可通过监听系统 WindowInsets 实现:

myView.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener { view, insets ->
    val statusBarSize = insets.systemWindowInsetTop
    return insets
}

2. Fragment中添加 Option Menu

一般来说,常见的对于ActionBar的处理是放在Host Activity中。但根据特定的的UI设计,Fragment中可能都有自定义的ActionBar,故将ActionBar的建立以及menu的响应处理分散到各自的Fragment中,这是更为内聚的做法。

常见的在Fragment中使用Options Menu 需要注意:

2.1 启用menu

在Fragment中设置setHasOptionsMenu(true)。

2.2 ActionBar 的对应更新

由于其它Fragment中也有设置 menu,在切换Fragment后,当前Activity关联的的ActionBar可能已经不是对应到当前的Fragment了,此时需要重新设置当前的ActionBar :

// toolbar in current Fragment
setSupportActionBar(toolbar)

4. References

  • Why would I want to fitsSystemWindows?

  • Why fitsSystemWindows doesn’t work sometimes?

  • Windows Insets + Fragment Transitions

  • Becoming a master window fitter

  • Intercepting everything with CoordinatorLayout Behaviors

  • fitsSystemWindows effect gone for fragments added via FragmentTransaction

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