Ansible
是一款为类Unix系统开发的自由开源的配置和自动化工具。ansible用Python写成,类似于saltstack和Puppet,ansible有一个不同和优点是我们不需要在节点中安装任何客户端。
ansible使用SSH来和节点进行通信。Ansible基于 Python paramiko 开发,分布式,无需客户端,轻量级,配置语法使用 YMAL 及 Jinja2模板语言,更强的远程命令执行操作。
Ansible
是一款很简单也很容易入门的部署工具,作为一个配置管理和配置工具,它使用SSH连接到远程服务器并运行配置好的任务,远程服务器上不用安装任何多余的软件,只需要开启ssh,所有工作都交给client端的Ansible负责。
Ansible
可以非常容易的将bash脚本转换为可执行任,使用者在使用时,在client端输入命令或者playbooks,会通过预定好的规则将playbook拆解为play,再组织成Ansible可以识别的任务,调用模块和插件,根据主机清单通过SSH将临时文件发给远程的客户端执行并返回结果,执行结束后自动删除。
Ansible
是基于模块工作的,它只是提供了一种运行框架,它本身没有完成任务的能力,真正执行操作的是Ansible的模块, 比如copy模块用于拷贝文件到远程主机上,service模块用于管理服务的启动、停止、重启等。
Ansible
的绝大多数模块都具备幂等性(idempotence)。所谓幂等性,指的是多次操作或多次执行对系统资源的影响是一致的。比如执行 systemctl stop xxx 命令来停止服务,当发现要停止的目标服务已经处于停止状态, 它什么也不会做,所以多次停止的结果仍然是停止,不会改变结果,它是幂等的,而 systemctl restart xxx 是非幂等的。
Ansible
的很多模块在执行时都会先判断目标节点是否要执行任务,所以,可以放心大胆地让Ansible去执行任务,重复执行某个任务绝大多数时候不会产生任何副作用。
https://www.ansible.com/
我们可以看到上面的红帽标志,红帽公司于2015年10月收购了ansible,而ansible成立于2013年。
- 部署简单,没有客户端,只需在主控端部署Ansible环境,被控端无需做任何操作;
- 模块化:调用特定的模块,完成特定任务
- 默认使用SSH协议对设备进行管理;
- 主从集中化管理;
- 配置简单、功能强大、扩展性强;
- 支持API及自定义模块,可通过Python轻松扩展;
- 通过Playbooks来定制强大的配置、状态管理
- 对云计算平台、大数据都有很好的支持;
- 具有幂等性:一个操作在一个主机上执行一遍和执行N遍的结果是一样的
ansible是基于模块工作的,本身没有批量部署的能力。真正具有批量部署的是ansible锁运行的模块,ansible只是提供一种框架。主要包括:
- 连接插件connection plugins:负责和被监控端实现通信;
- host inventory:指定操作的主机,是一个配置文件里面定义监控的主机;
- 各种模块核心模块、command模块、自定义模块;
- 借助于插件完成记录日志邮件等功能;
- playbook:剧本执行多个任务时,非必需可以让节点一次性运行多个任务
可以实现批量系统操作配置
可以实现批量软件服务部署
可以实现批量文件数据分支
可以实现批量系统信息收集
Ansible 在管理节点将 Ansible 模块通过 SSH 协议推送到被管理端执行,执行完之后自动删除,可以使用 SVN 等来管理自定义模块及编排
Ansible: ansible的核心模块 Host Inventory:主机清单,也就是被管理的主机列表 Playbooks:ansible的剧本,可想象为将多个任务放置在一起,一块执行 Core Modules:ansible的核心模块 Custom Modules:自定义模块 Connection Plugins:连接插件,用于与被管控主机之间基于SSH建立连接关系 Plugins:其他插件,包括记录日志等
Ansible仓库默认不在yum仓库中,因此我们需要使用下面的命令启用epel仓库
yum install epel-release -y
或
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo yum clean all yum makecache
yum install ansible
ansible --version
anisble命令语法: ansible [-i 主机文件][-f 批次] [组名][-m 模块名称] [-a 模块参数]
参数 功能 -v 详细模式,如果执行成功,输出详细结果 -i 指定host文件路径,默认在/etc/ansible/hosts -f,-forks=NUM NUM默认是整数5,指定fork开启同步进程的个数 -m 指定使用的module名称,默认command模块 -a 指定模块的参数 -k 提示输入SSH密码,而不是使用基于ssh密钥认证 -sudo 指定使用sudo获取root权限 -K 提示输入sudo密码 -u 指定移动端的执行用户 -C 测试命令执行会改变什么内容,不会真正的去执行
ansible-doc 详细参数
ansible-doc -l 列出所有模块列表
指定查看某个模块的参数 ansible-doc -s 模块名字 [root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible-doc -s onyx_ospf - name: Manage OSPF protocol on Mellanox ONYX network devices onyx_ospf: interfaces: # List of interfaces and areas. Required if `state=present'. ospf: # (required) OSPF instance number 1-65535 router_id: # OSPF router ID. Required if `state=present'. state: # OSPF state.
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible-doc -s service - name: Manage services service: arguments: # Additional arguments provided on the command line. enabled: # Whether the service should start on boot. *At least one of state and enabled are required.* name: # (required) Name of the service. pattern: # If the service does not respond to the status command, name a substring to look for as would be found in the output of the `ps' command as a stand-in for a status result. If the string is found, the service will be assumed to be started. runlevel: # For OpenRC init scripts (e.g. Gentoo) only. The runlevel that this service belongs to. sleep: # If the service is being `restarted' then sleep this many seconds between the stop
格式:
ansible基于ssh连接-i (inventory)参数后指定的远程主机时,也可以写端口,用户,密码。
如:
ansible_ssh_port: 指定ssh端口 ansible_ssh_user:指定 ssh 用户 ansible_ssh_pass: 指定 ssh 用户登录是认证密码(明文密码不安全) ansible_sudo_pass: 指明 sudo 时候的密码添加内容如下:
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# grep -v ^# /etc/ansible/hosts |grep -v ^$ [web-servers] 192.168.1.163 ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=12345678 [root@itlaoxin16
直接添加到文件文末就可以。
测试主机的连通性:
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m ping [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, us see details 192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "ping": "pong" }
查看组下所有的ip:
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible all --list [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details hosts (1): 192.168.1.163 [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
设置密钥:
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:CWdEZJbtzH4+ypeXe80jPnBr9UX/0yChZtX5DCjKckg root@itlaoxin162 The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ | o*o | | +. . | | . o+ o . | | E+ .= + + .| | . oSo + . =.| | o + =.o...=| | o o oooo+*| | . ==ooB| | ooo++oo| +----[SHA256]-----+ [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
拷贝密钥并测试
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.163 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@192.168.1.163's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '[email protected]'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. **登陆测试:** [root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh 192.168.1.163 Last login: Wed Apr 21 08:13:14 2021 from 192.168.1.162
向另外服务器发送密钥
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.71
vim /etc/ansible/hosts
查看配置文件中刚刚修改的内容
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# grep -v "^#" /etc/ansible/hosts |grep -v "^$" [web-servers] 192.168.1.163 192.168.1.71
ping模块 主要用来检测网络的连通性
command模块,执行shell命令
使用ping检查‘web-servers’或者ansible节点的连通性。
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts 'web-servers' -m ping [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 192.168.1.71 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
这条命令我们也可以不指定hosts,效果是一样的,我们只要指定组即可
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible 'web-servers' -m ping [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
有时候我们为了方便阅读也把主机组名写在最后面
web-servers 这个组名,放在最后面[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "uptime" 'web-servers' [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> 08:37:28 up 11 min, 3 users, load average: 0.02, 0.15, 0.17 192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> 08:37:28 up 1:58, 5 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "free -m " 'web-servers' [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 3770 826 2283 15 661 2709 Swap: 2047 0 2047 192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 3770 892 1076 38 1802 2588 Swap: 2047 0 2047 [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "useradd itoldxin" 'web-servers' [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> 192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
查看用户是否创建成功
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "id itoldxin" 'web-servers' [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> uid=1001(itoldxin) gid=1001(itoldxin) 组=1001(itoldxin) 192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> uid=1001(itoldxin) gid=1001(itoldxin) 组=1001(itoldxin) [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
- command : ansible的默认模块,不指定-m参数的时候,使用的就是command模块; 常见的命令都可以使用,但命令的执行不是通过shell来执行的,所以< > | and & z这些操作都不可以,不支持管道,没法批量执行命令
- shell模块: 使用shell模块的时候默认是通过/bin/sh来执行的,所以在终端输入的各种命令都可以使用
- scripts模块
使用scripts模块可以在本地写一个脚本,在远程服务器上执行
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m shell -a "source ~/.bash_profile && df -h|head -n 1" [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
注意: shell也可以把一个脚本copy到远程端然后再执行,但这样的话就需要调用两次ansible,所以script的出现就解决了这个问题;
先写一个脚本:
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# cat !$ cat /etc/ansible/test.sh #!/bin/bash date hostname echo "大家好,我是互联网老鑫,脚本执行成功" [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
执行查看结果:
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m script -a "/etc/ansible/test.sh" [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | CHANGED => { "changed": true, "rc": 0, "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.1.71 closed.\r\n", "stderr_lines": [ "Shared connection to 192.168.1.71 closed." ], "stdout": "2022年 01月 21日 星期三 08:59:33 CST\r\nk8s-master\r\n大家好,我是互联网老鑫,脚本执行成功\r\n", "stdout_lines": [ "2022年 01月 21日 星期三 08:59:33 CST", "k8s-master", "大家好,我是互联网老鑫,脚本执行成功" ] } 192.168.1.163 | CHANGED => { "changed": true, "rc": 0, "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.1.163 closed.\r\n", "stderr_lines": [ "Shared connection to 192.168.1.163 closed." ], "stdout": "2022年 01月 21日 星期三 08:59:33 CST\r\nitlaoxin-163\r\n大家好,我是互联网老鑫,脚本执行成功\r\n", "stdout_lines": [ "2022年 01月 21日 星期三 08:59:33 CST", "itlaoxin-163", "大家好,我是互联网老鑫,脚本执行成功" ] } [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
可以看到已经执行成功
# Ansible copy模块主要用于文件或者目录拷贝,支持文件、目录、权限、用户组功能,copy模块使用详解: # 常用参数 src Ansible端源文件或者目录,空文件夹不拷贝; content 用来替代src,用于将指定文件的内容,拷贝到远程文件内; dest 客户端目标目录或者文件,需要绝对路径; backup # 拷贝之前,先备份远程节点上的原始文件;backup=yes directory_mode 用于拷贝文件夹,新建的文件会被拷贝,而老旧的不会被拷贝; follow 支持link文件拷贝; force 覆盖远程主机不一致的内容; group 设定远程主机文件夹的组名; mode 指定远程主机文件及文件及的权限; owner 设定远程主机文件夹的用户名,拥有者。
copy模块:实现主控端向目标主机拷贝文件,类似scp功能
案例:把ansible主机的/etc/hosts拷贝到主机组机器中的/root/下
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/root owner=root group=root mode=0777" [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6", "dest": "/root/hosts", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "138004edd9d16f2818e20842fc1f273d", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", "size": 183, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1618966980.44-20046-203314294949142/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.163 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6", "dest": "/root/hosts", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "138004edd9d16f2818e20842fc1f273d", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", "size": 183, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1618966980.45-20045-254958397204815/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
查看是否执行成功:
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "ls /root/hosts" 'web-servers' [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> /root/hosts 192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> /root/hosts [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
注意
: command 不能使用ll命令,但可以使用ls -l的命令[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "ls -l /root/hosts" 'web-servers' [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 183 4月 21 09:03 /root/hosts 192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 183 4月 21 09:03 /root/hosts [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
# Ansible file模块主要用于对文件的创建、删除、修改、权限、属性的维护和管理,File模块使用详解: # 常用参数介绍 src Ansible端源文件或者目录; follow 支持link文件拷贝; force 覆盖远程主机不一致的内容; group 设定远程主机文件夹的组名; mode 指定远程主机文件及文件及的权限; owner 设定远程主机文件夹的用户名; path 目标路径,也可以用dest,name代替; state #状态包括:file、link、directory、hard、touch、absent; attributes 文件或者目录特殊属性。
# 在 docker 服务器上 /usr/local 目录下面创建一个rivers的目录,名字为 rivers,属主为nginx [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m file -a "path=/usr/local/rivers state=directory mode=644 owner=nginx" 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "nginx", "path": "/usr/local/rivers", "size": 6, "state": "directory", "uid": 998 } # 查看常见的目录 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m command -a "ls /usr/local/rivers" 10.0.0.7 | FAILED | rc=2 >> # path表示目录的名称和路径, state=directory表示创建目录
#在/usr/local/rivers/script.sh文件 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m file -a "path=/usr/local/rivers/script.sh state=touch mode=777" 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "dest": "/usr/local/rivers/script.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } [root@ansible_server~]# # path表示目录的名称和路径, state=touch 表示创建文件
案例:给文件设置权限
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m file -a "path=/root/hosts mode=0755" [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/root/hosts", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", "size": 183, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.163 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/root/hosts", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", "size": 183, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
查看权限:
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "ls -l /root/hosts" 'web-servers' [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 183 4月 21 09:03 /root/hosts 192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 183 4月 21 09:03 /root/hosts [root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
案例:获取文件信息
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m stat -a "path=/root/hosts" [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details 192.168.1.71 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "stat": { "atime": 1618966982.400622, "attr_flags": "", "attributes": [], "block_size": 4096, "blocks": 8, "charset": "us-ascii", "checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6", "ctime": 1618967480.9315438, "dev": 64768, "device_type": 0, "executable": true, "exists": true, "gid": 0, "gr_name": "root", "inode": 78337, "isblk": false, "ischr": false, "isdir": false, "isfifo": false, "isgid": false, "islnk": false, "isreg": true, "issock": false, "isuid": false, "mimetype": "text/plain", "mode": "0755", "mtime": 1618966981.7806218, "nlink": 1, "path": "/root/hosts", "pw_name": "root", "readable": true, "rgrp": true, "roth": true, "rusr": true, "size": 183, "uid": 0, "version": "693378940", "wgrp": false, "woth": false, "writeable": true, "wusr": true, "xgrp": true, "xoth": true, "xusr": true } } 192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "stat": { "atime": 1618966982.6472814, "attr_flags": "", "attributes": [], "block_size": 4096, "blocks": 8, "charset": "us-ascii", "checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6", "ctime": 1618967481.0644567, "dev": 64768, "device_type": 0, "executable": true, "exists": true, "gid": 0, "gr_name": "root", "inode": 33662547, "isblk": false, "ischr": false, "isdir": false, "isfifo": false, "isgid": false, "islnk": false, "isreg": true, "issock": false, "isuid": false, "mimetype": "text/plain", "mode": "0755", "mtime": 1618966982.176287, "nlink": 1, "path": "/root/hosts", "pw_name": "root", "readable": true, "rgrp": true, "roth": true, "rusr": true, "size": 183, "uid": 0, "version": "1103139934", "wgrp": false, "woth": false, "writeable": true, "wusr": true, "xgrp": true, "xoth": true, "xusr": true } }
实现远程主机下载指定的url地址,支持sha256sum文件校验
案例:
ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m get_url -a "url=https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm dest=/tmp/ mode=0440 force=yes"
注:url=https://xxx 的等号=前后不能有空格
扩展:查看force=yes的作用
#Ansible yum 模块主要用于软件的安装、升级、卸载,支持红帽.rpm软件的管理,YUM模块使用详解: # 常用参数 conf_file 设定远程yum执行时所依赖的yum配置文件 disable_gpg_check 安装软件包之前是否坚持gpg key; name 需要安装的软件名称,支持软件组安装; update_cache 安装软件前更新缓存; enablerepo 指定repo源名称; skip_broken 跳过异常软件节点; state #软件包状态,包括:installed、present、latest、absent、removed。
yum模块linux平台软件包管理。
yum模块可以提供的status状态: latest ,present,installed #这三个代表安装;removed, absent #这两个是卸载案例:使用yum模块安装httpd
# 远程在 10.0.0.6 服务器上安装 httpd 服务 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts 10.0.0.6 -m yum -a "name=httpd state=installed" # 远程启动 httpd 服务 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts 10.0.0.6 -m command -a "systemctl start httpd" 10.0.0.6 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> # 远程查看http服务进程 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts 10.0.0.6 -m shell -a "ps -ef|grep httpd" 10.0.0.6 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> root 10924 1 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 10925 10924 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 10926 10924 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 10928 10924 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 10929 10924 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 10930 10924 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND root 11066 11061 0 16:12 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c ps -ef|grep httpd root 11068 11066 0 16:12 pts/0 00:00:00 grep httpd # 停止 httpd 服务 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts 10.0.0.6 -m command -a "systemctl stop httpd" 10.0.0.6 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> # 远程卸载 httpd [root@ansible_server~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts 10.0.0.6 -m yum -a "name=httpd state=removed"
# 停止正在工作的yum进程 www组 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible www -m shell -a "pkill -yum" # 查看进程 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible www -m shell -a "ps -ef|grep yum" 10.0.0.6 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> root 12032 12027 0 09:12 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c ps -ef|grep yum root 12034 12032 0 09:12 pts/1 00:00:00 grep yum 10.0.0.5 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> root 12260 12255 0 09:12 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c ps -ef|grep yum root 12262 12260 0 09:12 pts/0 00:00:00 grep yum [root@ansible_server~]#
# Ansible cron模块主要用于添加、删除、更新操作系统Crontab任务计划,Cron模块使用详解: # 常用参数 name 任务计划名称; cron_file 替换客户端该用户的任务计划的文件; minute 分( 0-59 ,* ,*/2 ); hour 时( 0-23 ,* ,*/2 ); day 日( 1-31 ,* ,*/2 ); month 月( 1-12 ,* ,*/2 ); weekday 周( 0-6 或 1-7 ,* ); job 任何计划执行的命令,state要等于present; backup 是否备份之前的任务计划; user 新建任务计划的用户; state 指定任务计划present、absent。
案例9: 增加每30分钟执行 echo"我是互联网老鑫"
ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m cron -a “name=‘list dir’ minute=’*/30’ job=‘echo 我是互联网老鑫”’”
基本同步用法
# docker 服务器 自动同步 阿里云 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible 10.0.0.7 -m cron -a "minute=0 hour=2 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1'" [DEPRECATION WARNING]: The 'name' parameter will be required in future releases.. This feature will be removed in version 2.12. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg. 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "envs": [], "jobs": [ "None" ] } # 如何删除定时任务 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m cron -a "name='#Ansible' state=absent"
添加定时任务 名称注释
# 添加注释信息 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible 10.0.0.6 -m cron -a "name='time sync' minute=0 hour=2 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1'" 10.0.0.6 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "envs": [], "jobs": [ "time sync" ] } #如何查看10.0.0.6这台服务器上的定时任务 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible 10.0.0.6 -m shell -a "cat /var/spool/cron/root" 10.0.0.6 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> #time sync by lidao at 2017-03-08 */5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1 #Ansible: time sync 0 2 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1
service模块常用参数:
(1)、name参数:此参数用于指定需要操作的服务名称,比如 nginx,httpd。
(2)、state参数:此参数用于指定服务的状态比如,我们想要启动远程主机中的httpd,则可以将 state 的值设置为 started;
如果想要停止远程主机中的服务,则可以将 state 的值设置为 stopped。
此参数的可用值有 started、stopped、restarted(重启)、reloaded。enabled参数:此参数用于指定是否将服务设置为开机 启动项,设置为 yes 表示将对应服务设置为开机启动,设置为 no 表示不会开机启动。
注:想使用service模块启动服务,被启动的服务,必须可以使用service 命令启动或关闭
# Ansible service模块主要用于远程客户端各种服务管理,包括启动、停止、重启、重新加载等,service模块使用详解: # 常用参数 enabled 是否开启启动服务; name 服务名称; runlevel 服务启动级别; arguments 服务命令行参数传递; state 服务操作状态,状态包括started, stopped, restarted, reloaded。
案例:使用service模块重启httpd
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"
# 远程重启10.0.0.5 服务器上的 firewalld 服务器 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible 10.0.0.5 -m service -a "name=firewalld state=restarted" 10.0.0.5 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "name": "firewalld", "state": "started", "status": { "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "0", "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0", "ActiveState": "inactive", …… [root@ansible_server~]# # 远程关闭防火墙 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible 10.0.0.5 -m service -a "name=firewalld state=stopped"
# 远程启动 eht0 网卡 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible 10.0.0.5 -m service -a "name=network args=eth0 state=restarted" [WARNING]: Ignoring "args" as it is not used in "systemd" 10.0.0.5 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "name": "network", "state": "started", "status": { "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Fri 2021-08-27 16:30:41 CST", ……
# 远程开机启动nfs服务,设置3,5级别自动启动 root@ansible_server~]# ansible -k all -m service -a "name=nfs enabled=yes runlevel=3,5" SSH password: [WARNING]: Ignoring "runlevel" as it is not used in "systemd" [WARNING]: Ignoring "runlevel" as it is not used in "systemd" [WARNING]: Ignoring "runlevel" as it is not used in "systemd"
# Ansible user模块主要用于操作系统用户、组、权限、密码等操作,user模块使用详解: system 默认创建为普通用户,为yes则创建系统用户; append 添加一个新的组; comment 新增描述信息; createhome 给用户创建家目录; force 用于删除强制删除用户; group 创建用户主组; groups 将用户加入组或者附属组添加; home 指定用户的家目录; name 表示状态,是否create、remove、modify; password 指定用户的密码,此处为加密密码; remove 删除用户; shell 设置用户的shell登录环境; uid 设置用户id; update_password 修改用户密码; state 用户状态,默认为present表示新建用户。absent表示删除
# 在docker 服务器上创建一个普通用户 nidaye。name=用户名,home=用户家目录 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m user -a "name=nidaye home=/home/admin" 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "comment": "", "create_home": true, "group": 1001, "home": "/home/admin", "name": "nidaye", "shell": "/bin/bash", "state": "present", "system": false, "uid": 1001 } # 查看刚新建的用户 nidaye [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m shell -a "id nidaye" 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> uid=1001(nidaye) gid=1001(nidaye) groups=1001(nidaye) [root@ansible_server~]#
# 在10.0.0.5 服务器上 创建一个 名字apache ,shell /sbin/nologin 家目录为/opt [root@ansible_server~]# ansible 10.0.0.5 -m user -a "name=apache home=/opt shell=/sbin/nologin" 10.0.0.5 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "comment": "", "create_home": true, "group": 1001, "home": "/opt", "name": "apache", "shell": "/sbin/nologin", "state": "present", # 删除apache用户 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible 10.0.0.5 -m user -a "name=apache state=absent force=yes" 10.0.0.5 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "force": true, "name": "apache", "remove": false, "state": "absent" } [root@ansible_server~]#
Ansible最基础的模块为ping模块,主要用于判断远程客户端是否在线,用于ping本身服务器,返回值为changed、ping。
自己管理自己:
# ansible基于ssh连接-i (inventory)参数后指定的远程主机时,也可以写端口,用户,密码。 格式:ansible_ssh_port:指定ssh端口 ansible_ssh_user:指定 ssh 用户 ansible_ssh_pass:指定 ssh 用户登录是认证密码(明文密码不安全) ansible_sudo_pass:指明 sudo 时候的密码 [root@ansible_server~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [www] 10.0.0.5 10.0.0.6 [docker] 10.0.0.7 [manager] 10.0.0.61 ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456 [root@ansible_server~]# # 同时还可以基于SSH 免密登录,2种方式选一种。 # 将自己的密钥拷贝到本地,然后ssh 连接一下即可。 [root@web01_server~]# ssh-copy-id root@10.0.0.61
ansiblepip一个网段机器进行管理,ping网段的连通性:
# ping 某一个网段 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible 10.0.0.* -m ping # 路径是可以省略的 -i ,因为默认路径就是 /etc/ansible/hosts [root@ansible_server~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts "docker" -m ping 10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } [root@ansible_server~]#
Ansible shell模块主要用于远程客户端上执行各种Shell命令或者运行脚本,远程执行命令通过/bin/sh环境来执行,支持比command更多的指令,Shell模块使用详解: **常用参数** chdir 执行命令前,切换到目录; creates 当该文件存在时,则不执行该步骤; executable 换用shell环境执行命令; free_form 需要执行的脚本; removes 当该文件不存在时,则不执行该步骤; warn 如果在ansible.cfg中存在告警,如果设定了False,不会警告此行。
# 在docker服务器上 ,在/opt 目录下创建一个名字为rivers+当前时间的目录 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m shell -a "mkdir /opt/rivers`date +%F`;ls /opt" [WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=directory rather than running 'mkdir'. If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message. 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> rivers2021-09-16 # 通过ls 查看是否创建 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m shell -a "ls /opt" 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> rivers2021-09-16 [root@ansible_server~]#
# 远程查看docker服务器上nginx 进程信息 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m shell -a "ps -ef|grep nginx" 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> root 11711 1 0 15:25 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 11712 11711 0 15:25 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 11775 11770 3 15:26 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c ps -ef|grep nginx root 11777 11775 0 15:26 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nginx [root@ansible_server~]#
# ansible 服务器上远程查看 dockerf 服务器行的防火墙状态是否运行 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m shell -a "firewall-cmd --state" 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> running [root@ansible_server~]#
# 通通过shell 远程批量修改密码 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible www -m shell -a "echo 123456|passwd --stdin root" 10.0.0.5 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> Changing password for user root. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. 10.0.0.6 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> Changing password for user root. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
# Ansible command模块为ansible默认模块,主要用于执行Linux基础命令,可以执行远程服务器命令执行、任务执行等操作。Command模块使用详解: Chdir 执行命令前,切换到目录; Creates 当该文件存在时,则不执行该步骤; Executable 换用shell环境执行命令; Free_form 需要执行的脚本; Removes 当该文件不存在时,则不执行该步骤; Warn 如果在ansible.cfg中存在告警,如果设定了False,不会警告此行。
# 使用df -h 查看 docker组中机器的磁盘使用情况 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts 10.0.0.7 -m command -a "df -h" 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 99G 1.7G 97G 2% / devtmpfs 442M 0 442M 0% /dev tmpfs 453M 0 453M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 453M 7.2M 446M 2% /run tmpfs 453M 0 453M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 197M 105M 93M 54% /boot tmpfs 91M 0 91M 0% /run/user/0 [root@ansible_server~]# # 简便方式写(效果一样的) [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m command -a "df -h" # 能否使用shell 查看呢 ? [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m shell -a "df -h" # 答案:可以查看,shell 本质上和command 区别不大,知识支持的命令更多
# 查看docker 服务器上的时间 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m command -a "date %F" 10.0.0.7 | FAILED | rc=1 >> date: invalid date ‘%F’non-zero return code [root@ansible_server~]#
# 先远程查看docker服务器上有没有httpd安装包 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m command -a "ls" 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> anaconda-ks.cfg # 在docker 服务器上远程下载httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m command -a "wget https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2"
# Ansible synchronize模块主要用于目录、文件同步,基于Rsync命令同步目录,Synchronize模块使用详解: # 常用参数 compress 开启压缩,默认为开启; archive 是否采用归档模式同步,保证源和目标文件属性一致; checksum 是否效验; dirs 以非递归的方式传输目录; links 同步链接文件; recursive 是否递归yes/no; rsync_opts 使用rsync 的参数; copy_links 同步的时候是否复制连接; delete 删除源中没有而目标存在的文件; src 源目录及文件; dest 目标目录及文件; dest_port 目标接受的端口; rsync_path 服务的路径,指定 rsync 命令来在远程服务器上运行; rsync_timeout 指定rsync操作的IP超时时间; set_remote_user 设置远程用户名; --exclude=.log 忽略同步.log结尾的文件; mode 同步的模式,rsync同步的方式PUSH、PULL,默认都是推送push。
# 将本地/tmp 目录远程同步到 docker服务器上(增量同步) [root@ansible_server~]# ansible docker -m synchronize -a 'src=/tmp/ dest=/tmp/' 10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => { "changed": true, "cmd": "/usr/bin/rsync --delay-updates -F --compress --archive --rsh=/usr/bin/ssh -S none -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null --out-format=<
>%i %n%L /tmp/ 10.0.0.7:/tmp/" , "msg": ".d..t...... ./\n, "rc": 0, "stdout_lines": [ ".d..t...... ./", " , "cd+++++++++ ansible_synchronize_payload_Bxuy_S/", " , "cd+++++++++ vmware-root_6044-692160431/" ] } [root@ansible_server~]#
# 完全同步,尾巴后添加 delete=yes [root@ansible_server/tmp]# ansible docker -m synchronize -a 'src=/tmp/ dest=/tmp/ delete=yes'
剧本介绍:
# 通过Playbook任务,能够集中管理多个任务,将多个任务关联起来,从而实现更加复杂工作,满足生产环境的各个需求,提高运维人员管理服务器效率 # Playbook剧本的产物YAML文件,类似XML接口(Tomcat)文件,内部有固定语法、参数等,要掌握常用的YAML语法编写,掌握满足运维管理方向的语法即可
playbook语法:
# yaml 格式语法 # Playbook是以YAML格式编写的文本文件,通常使用扩展名yml保存。Playbook使用空格字符缩进来表示其数据结构。YAML对用于缩进的空格数量没有严格的要求,但有两个基本的规则: 处于层次结构中同一级别的数据元素(例如同一列表中的项目)必须具有相同的缩进量。 如果项目属于其他项目的子项,其缩进量必须大于父项 # 只有空格字符可用于缩进,不允许使用tab键。约定俗成的缩进量一般是一级2个空格。 # Playbook开头的一行由三个破折号(---)组成,这是文档开始标记。其末尾可能使用三个圆点(...)作为文档结束标记,尽管在实践中这通常会省略。
playbook运行/语法检查
# 运行 lnmp文件 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible-playbook lnmp.yml # 检查lnmp 语法 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check lnmp.yml playbook是一个不同于使用ansible命令行执行方式的模式,功能更强大更灵活。 1、在playbooks 中常见的定义任务: name: task description #任务描述信息 module_name: module_args #需要使用的模块名字: 模块参数 files:存放需要同步到异地服务器的源码文件及配置文件; handlers:当服务的配置文件发生变化时需要进行的操作,比如:重启服务,重新加载配置文件, handlers meta:角色定义,可留空; tasks:需要进行的执行的任务; templates:用于执行lamp安装的模板文件,一般为脚本 vars:本次安装定义的变量 #playbook是由一个或多个"play"组成的列表。play的主要功能在于将事先归为一组的主机装扮成事先通过ansible中的task定义好的角色。 #github上提供了大量的实例供大家参考 https://github.com/ansible/ansible-examples
playbook组件
- Target定义playbook的远程主机组:
- 常用参数:
- hosts定义远程主机组
- user执行该任务的用户
- sudo设置为yes的时候,执行任务的时候使用root权限
- sudo_user指定sudo普通用户
- connection默认基于SSH连接客户端
- gather_facks获取远程主机facts基础信息
- Variable定义playbook使用的变量:
- 常用参数:
- vars定义格式,变量名:变量值
- vars_files指定变量文件
- vars_prompt用户交互模式自定义变量
- setup模块去远程主机的值
- Task定义远程主机上执行的任务列表
- 常用参数
- name任务显示名称也即屏幕显示信息
- action定义执行的动作
- copy复制本地文件到远程主机
- template复制本地文件到远程主机,可以引用本地变量
- service定义服务的状态
- Handler当服务的配置文件发送变化时需要进行的操作,比如:重启服务,重新加载配置
# 通过ansible 给www组服务器里面的 10.0.0.5 这台服务器安装httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2服务 [root@ansible_server~]# cat httpd_install.yaml #author rivers --- - hosts: 10.0.0.5 remote_user: root tasks: - name: install httpd-2.4.tar.bz2 yum: name=apr,apr-devel,apr-util,apr-util-devel,gcc-c++,bzip2 state=installed - name: apache httpd-2.4 install process shell: cd /opt/; rm -rf httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2; wget https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2; tar xjf httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/; cd /usr/local/httpd-2.4.46/; ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-pmp=worker; make -j4; make install; ...
检查httpd_install.yaml语法文件
# 检查 httpd_install.yaml 语法,下面是正确通过的 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check httpd_install.yaml playbook: httpd_install.yaml # 常见报错提示 [root@ansible_server~]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check httpd_install.yaml ERROR! We were unable to read either as JSON nor YAML, these are the errors we got from each: JSON: No JSON object could be decoded Syntax Error while loading YAML. mapping values are not allowed in this context The error appears to be in '/root/httpd_install.yaml': line 8, column 10, but may be elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem. The offending line appears to be: -name: install httpd-2.4.tar.bz2 yum: name=apr apr-devel apr-util apr-util-devel gcc-c++ bzip2 state=installed ^ here
playbook局本
# 判断是否安装有安装后的nginx目录,如果有直接启动,如果没有安装nginx #author rivershosts: 10.0.0.7 remote_user: root tasks: - name: install yum_package yum: name=pcre-devel,openssl,openssl-devel,gd-devel,gcc,gcc-c++ state=installed - name: echo -e "\033[44;37m 判断是否存在nginx安装目录 \033[0m" file: path=/usr/local/nginx state=directory notify: - nginx start - nginx install handlers: - name: nginx install shell: cd /opt/; rm -rf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz; wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz; tar xf nginx-1.20 .1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/; useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx; mkdir -p /var/log/nginx;cd /usr/local/nginx-1.20.1; ./confi gure --user=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_mo dule --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --http-log-path=/var/log/ng inx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --without-http_rewrite_module; make && make install; /usr/local /nginx/sbin/nginx -t; - name: nginx start shell: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
# 使用 user 模块批量创建rivers01、02、03用户 # author rivers - hosts: 10.0.0.7 remote_user: root tasks: - name: Add User list. user: name={{ item }} state=present with_items: - rivers01 - rivers02 - rivers03 - name: check system user shell: num= `tail -3 /etc/passwd|grep -c rivers`; if [ $num ge 3 ]; then echo is ok!; fi
playbooks的介绍
1) 在playbooks 中定义任务: — name: task description #任务描述信息
module_name: module_args #需要使用的模块名字: 模块参数2)ansible-playbook 执行 命令:
ansible-playbook site.yml3)playbook是由一个或多个"play"组成的列表。play的主要功能在于将事先归为一组的主机装扮成事先通过ansible中的task定义好的角色。
github上提供了大量的实例供大家参考: https://github.com/ansible/ansible-examples
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# yum install git
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# git clone https://github.com/lizhenliang/ansible-install-k8s 正克隆到 'ansible-install-k8s'... remote: Enumerating objects: 157, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (157/157), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (123/123), done. remote: Total 157 (delta 46), reused 114 (delta 20), pack-reused 0 接收对象中: 100% (157/157), 150.68 KiB | 110.00 KiB/s, done. 处理 delta 中: 100
进入到ansbile-install-k8s目录
修改hosts文件,根据规划修改对应IP和名称。cd ansible-install-k8s [root@itlaoxin162 ansible-install-k8s]# vim hosts [root@itlaoxin162 ansible-install-k8s]# vim group_vars/all.yml
单Master版:
ansible-playbook -i hosts single-master-deploy.yml -uroot -k
多Master版:
ansible-playbook -i hosts multi-master-deploy.yml -uroot -k
#编写 ansible-playbook lnmp.yaml 剧本 [root@ansible_server~]# cat lnmp_install.yaml # author # 任务1:安装nginx - hosts: 10.0.0.5 remote_user: root tasks: - name: 修改主机名,判断、安装/启动nginx shell: hostnamectl set-hostname Hosts-01 - name: install yum_package yum: name=pcre-devel,openssl,openssl-devel,gd-devel,gcc,gcc-c++ state=installed - name: echo -e "\033[44;37m 判断是否存在nginx安装目录 \033[0m" file: path=/usr/local/nginx state=directory notify: - nginx start - nginx install handlers: - name: nginx install shell: cd /opt/; rm -rf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz; wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz; tar xf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/; useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx; mkdir -p /var/log/nginx;cd /usr/local/nginx-1.20.1; ./configure --user=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --without-http_rewrite_module; make && make install; /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t; - name: nginx start shell: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx # 任务2 安装mysql - hosts: 10.0.0.6 remote_user: root tasks: - name: install yum_package yum: name=pcre-devel,openssl,openssl-devel,gd-devel,gcc,gcc-c++,ncurses-devel state=installed - name: 下载安装包、并解压 shell: cd /opt/; tar -xf mysql-5.1.63.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ - name: 开始编译安装 shell: cd /usr/local/mysql-5.1.63/; ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler; make -j8&&make -j8 install; \cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf; \cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; - name: 配置启动/重启 shell: chkconfig --add mysqld;chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on; service mysqld restart # 任务3 安装php - hosts: 10.0.0.5 remote_user: root tasks: - name: install php_package yum: name=libxml2,libxml2-devel,openssl,openssl-devel,bzip2,bzip2-devel,libcurl,libcurl-devel,libjpeg,libjpeg-devel,libpng,libpng-devel,freetype,freetype-devel,gmp,gmp-devel,libmcrypt,libmcrypt-devel,readline,readline-devel,libxslt,libxslt-devel,pcre-devel,ncurses,ncurses-devel,bison,cmake state=installed - name: 下载安装包、并解压 shell: cd /opt/; wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-7.2.10.tar.gz; tar xf php-7.2.10.tar.gz -C /usr/local/; cd /usr/local/php-7.2.10/; ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --disable-fileinfo --enable-fpm --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-xmlrpc --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt --enable-zip --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --without-pear --enable-bcmath; make && make install; ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/; \cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini; \cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf; \cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf; \cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm; chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm; chkconfig --add php-fpm - name: 启动php服务 shell: systemctl start php-fpm
# 修改 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 文件 # 1.将user 改为 nginx # 2.添加一下内容 location / { root html; index index.php index.html index.htm; } location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } # 设置php 网站文件 vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php [root@hosts-01/usr/local/nginx/html]# cat index.php <?php phpinfo(); ?> [root@hosts-01/usr/local/nginx/html]# # 重启nginx 服务 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
浏览器输入10.0.0.5访问测试
# Ansible默认配置文件为/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg,配置文件中可以对ansible进行各项参数的调整,包括并发线程、用户、模块路径、配置优化等,如下为Ansible.cfg常用参数详解: [defaults] 通用默认配置段; inventory = /etc/ansible/hosts 被控端IP或者DNS列表; library = /usr/share/my_modules/ Ansible默认搜寻模块的位置; remote_tmp = $HOME/.ansible/tmp Ansible远程执行临时文件; pattern = * 对所有主机通信; forks = 5 并行进程数; poll_interval = 15 回频率或轮训间隔时间; sudo_user = root sudo远程执行用户名; ask_sudo_pass = True 使用sudo,是否需要输入密码; ask_pass = True 是否需要输入密码; transport = smart 通信机制; remote_port = 22 远程SSH端口; module_lang = C 模块和系统之间通信的语言; gathering = implicit 控制默认facts收集(远程系统变量); roles_path= /etc/ansible/roles 用于playbook搜索Ansible roles; host_key_checking = False 检查远程主机密钥; #sudo_exe = sudo sudo远程执行命令; #sudo_flags = -H 传递sudo之外的参数; timeout = 10 SSH超时时间; remote_user = root 远程登陆用户名; log_path = /var/log/ansible.log 日志文件存放路径; module_name = command Ansible命令执行默认的模块; #executable = /bin/sh 执行的Shell环境,用户Shell模块; #hash_behaviour = replace 特定的优先级覆盖变量; #jinja2_extensions 允许开启Jinja2拓展模块; #private_key_file = /path/to/file 私钥文件存储位置; #display_skipped_hosts = True 显示任何跳过任务的状态; #system_warnings = True 禁用系统运行ansible潜在问题警告; #deprecation_warnings = True Playbook输出禁用“不建议使用”警告; #command_warnings = False command模块Ansible默认发出警告; #nocolor = 1 输出带上颜色区别,开启/关闭:0/1; pipelining = False 开启pipe SSH通道优化; [accelerate] accelerate缓存加速。 accelerate_port = 5099 accelerate_timeout = 30 accelerate_connect_timeout = 5.0 accelerate_daemon_timeout = 30 accelerate_multi_key = yes
# 在ansible 配置文件中加入以下代码: host_key_checking = False
关闭DNS解析
# 使用OpenSSH服务时,默认服务器端配置文件UseDNS=YES状态,该选项会导致服务器根据客户端的IP地址进行DNS PTR反向解析,得到客户端的主机名,然后根据获取到的主机名进行DNS正向A记录查询,并验证该IP是否与原始IP一致。关闭DNS解析 sed -i '/^GSSAPI/s/yes/no/g;/UseDNS/d;/Protocol/aUseDNS no' /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/init.d/sshd restart
SSH pipelining 加速Ansible
# SSH pipelining是一个加速 Ansible 执行速度的简单方法,SSH pipelining 默认是关闭的,关闭是为了兼容不同的 sudo 配置,主要是requiretty 选项。 如果不使用Sudo建议开启该选项,打开此选项可以减少Ansible 执行没有文件传输时,SSH在被控机器上执行任务的连接数。使用Sudo操作的时候, 必须在所有被管理的主机上将配置文件/etc/sudoers中requiretty选项禁用。 sed -i '/^pipelining/s/False/True/g' /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg