Kubernetes二进制部署（单Master节点）
环境准备
k8s集群master01: 192.168.80.10 kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler etcd
k8s集群master02: 192.168.80.20
k8s集群node01: 192.168.80.30 kubelet kube-proxy docker flannel
k8s集群node02: 192.168.80.40
etcd集群节点1: 192.168.80.10 etcd
etcd集群节点2: 192.168.80.30
etcd集群节点3: 192.168.80.40
负载均衡nginx+keepalive01 (master) : 192.168.80.60
负载均衡nginx+keepalive02 (backup) : 192.168.80.70
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
#在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.80.10 master01
192.168.80.30 node01
192.168.80.40 node02
EOF
#调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式，可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF
sysctl --system
#时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
1.部署 etcd 集群
master01节点
//在 master01 节点上操作
#准备cfssl证书生成工具
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl*
#生成Etcd证书
mkdir /opt/k8s
cd /opt/k8s/
#上传 etcd-cert.sh 和 etcd.sh 到 /opt/k8s/ 目录中
chmod +x etcd-cert.sh etcd.sh
#创建用于生成CA证书、etcd 服务器证书以及私钥的目录
mkdir /opt/k8s/etcd-cert
mv etcd-cert.sh etcd-cert/
cd /opt/k8s/etcd-cert/
./etcd-cert.sh
ls
ca-config.json ca-csr.json ca.pem server.csr server-key.pem
ca.csr ca-key.pem etcd-cert.sh server-csr.json server.pem
#上传 etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz 到 /opt/k8s 目录中，启动etcd服务
cd /opt/k8s/
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{cfg,bin,ssl}
cd /opt/k8s/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/
mv etcd etcdctl /opt/etcd/bin/
cp /opt/k8s/etcd-cert/*.pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
cd /opt/k8s/
./etcd.sh etcd01 192.168.80.10 etcd02=https://192.168.80.30:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.80.40:2380
ps -ef | grep etcd
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
node01节点配置
//在 node01 节点上操作
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd02" #修改
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.30:2380" #修改
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.30:2379" #修改
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.30:2380" #修改
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.30:2379" #修改
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.80.10:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.80.30:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.80.40:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl status etcd
node02节点
//在 node02 节点上操作
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd03" #修改
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.40:2380" #修改
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.40:2379" #修改
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.40:2380" #修改
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.40:2379" #修改
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.80.10:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.80.30:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.80.40:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl status etcd
检查etcd集群状态
#检查etcd群集状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.80.10:2379,https://192.168.80.30:2379,https://192.168.80.40:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.80.10:2379,https://192.168.80.30:2379,https://192.168.80.40:2379" --write-out=table member list所有node节点部署docker引擎
//所有node节点部署docker引擎
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
systemctl start docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service
部署 Master 组件
//在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 master.zip 和 k8s-cert.sh 到 /opt/k8s 目录中，解压 master.zip 压缩包
cd /opt/k8s/
unzip master.zip
chmod +x *.sh
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
#创建用于生成CA证书、相关组件的证书和私钥的目录
mkdir /opt/k8s/k8s-cert
mv /opt/k8s/k8s-cert.sh /opt/k8s/k8s-cert
cd /opt/k8s/k8s-cert/
./k8s-cert.sh
ls *pem
admin-key.pem apiserver-key.pem ca-key.pem kube-proxy-key.pem
admin.pem apiserver.pem ca.pem kube-proxy.pem
cp ca*pem apiserver*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
shell脚本中注释只能开头起，所以上面的注释内容需要全部删除 ，否则有些证书文件无法生成
#上传 kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 到 /opt/k8s/ 目录中，解压 kubernetes 压缩包
cd /opt/k8s/
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd /opt/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kubectl kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler /opt/kubernetes/bin/
ln -s /opt/kubernetes/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
#创建 bootstrap token 认证文件，apiserver 启动时会调用，然后就相当于在集群内创建了
一个这个用户，接下来就可以用 RBAC 给他授权
cd /opt/k8s/
vim token.sh
#!/bin/bash
#获取随机数前16个字节内容，以十六进制格式输出，并删除其中空格
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
#生成 token.csv 文件，按照 Token序列号,用户名,UID,用户组 的格式生成
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv <
#启动 scheduler 服务
./scheduler.sh
ps aux | grep kube-scheduler
#启动 controller-manager 服务
./controller-manager.sh
ps aux | grep kube-controller-manager
#生成kubectl连接集群的证书
./admin.sh
kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=system:anonymous
#通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态
kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
#查看版本信息
kubectl version
部署 Worker Node 组件
//在所有 node 节点上操作
#创建kubernetes工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
#上传 node.zip 到 /opt 目录中，解压 node.zip 压缩包，获得kubelet.sh、proxy.sh
cd /opt/
unzip node.zip
chmod +x kubelet.sh proxy.sh
//在 master01 节点上操作
#把 kubelet、kube-proxy 拷贝到 node 节点
cd /opt/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
#上传 kubeconfig.sh 文件到 /opt/k8s/kubeconfig 目录中，生成 kubeconfig 的配置文件
mkdir /opt/k8s/kubeconfig
cd /opt/k8s/kubeconfig
chmod +x kubeconfig.sh
./kubeconfig.sh 192.168.80.10 /opt/k8s/k8s-cert/
scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
#RBAC授权，使用户 kubelet-bootstrap 能够有权限发起 CSR 请求
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap
//在 node01 节点上操作
#启动 kubelet 服务
cd /opt/
./kubelet.sh 192.168.80.30
ps aux | grep kubelet
//在 master01 节点上操作，通过 CSR 请求
#检查到 node01 节点的 kubelet 发起的 CSR 请求，Pending 表示等待集群给该节点签发证书
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-duiobEzQ0R93HsULoS9NT9JaQylMmid_nBF3Ei3NtFE 12s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
#通过 CSR 请求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-duiobEzQ0R93HsULoS9NT9JaQylMmid_nBF3Ei3NtFE
#Approved,Issued 表示已授权 CSR 请求并签发证书
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-duiobEzQ0R93HsULoS9NT9JaQylMmid_nBF3Ei3NtFE 2m5s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
#查看节点，由于网络插件还没有部署，节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
192.168.80.30 NotReady 108s v1.20.11
//在 node01 节点上操作
#加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done
#启动proxy服务
cd /opt/
./proxy.sh 192.168.80.30
ps aux | grep kube-proxy
部署网络组件
部署 flannel ----------
//在 node01 节点上操作
#上传 cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz 和 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录中
cd /opt/
docker load -i flannel.tar
mkdir /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
//在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中，部署 CNI 网络
cd /opt/k8s
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel-ds-hjtc7 1/1 Running 0 7s
kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
192.168.80.30 Ready 81m v1.20.11 
---------- 部署 Calico ----------(与flannel取一即可)
//在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 calico.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中，部署 CNI 网络
cd /opt/k8s
vim calico.yaml
#修改里面定义Pod网络（CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR），与前面kube-controller-manager配置文件指定的cluster-cidr网段一样
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
value: "192.168.0.0/16"
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-659bd7879c-4h8vk 1/1 Running 0 58s
calico-node-nsm6b 1/1 Running 0 58s
calico-node-tdt8v 1/1 Running 0 58s
#等 Calico Pod 都 Running，节点也会准备就绪
kubectl get nodes
部署 CoreDNS
//在所有 node 节点上操作
#上传 coredns.tar 到 /opt 目录中
cd /opt
docker load -i coredns.tar
//在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 coredns.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中，部署 CoreDNS
cd /opt/k8s
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb 1/1 Running 0 32s
#DNS 解析测试
kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ # nslookup kubernetes
Server: 10.0.0.2
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kubernetes
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
部署 Dashboard
//在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 recommended.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中，部署 CoreDNS
cd /opt/k8s
vim recommended.yaml
#默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问，修改Service为NodePort类型，暴露到外部：
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001 #添加
type: NodePort #添加
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
#创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
#使用输出的token登录Dashboard
https://NodeIP:30001