SM4分组密码算法介绍
SM4 无线局域网标准的分组数据算法。对称加密，密钥长度和分组长度均为128位，SM4算法主要包含5种基本模式：ECB、CBC、CFB、OFB，CTR（后4种都是ECB算法模块衍生而来）；与MAC结合还诞生了GCM，CCM等高级模式。CCM是CTR加密模式和CMAC认证算法的混合使用，常用在需要同时加密和认证的领域，比如WiFi安全中的WPE协议，它就使用了AES-CCM模式，所有SM4衍生的算法模式都基于SM4的基础轮函数。
SM4分组密码算法是一个迭代分组密码算法，由加解密算法和密钥扩展算法组成。SM4分组密码算法采用非平衡Feistel结构，分组长度为128b密钥长度为128b。加密算法与密钥扩展算法均采用非线性迭代结构。加密运算和解密运算的算法结构相同，解密运算的轮密钥的使用顺序与加密运算相反。
密钥及密钥参量：
SM4分组密码算法的加密密钥长度为128b，表示为MK=(MK0,MK1,MK2,MK3)，其中MKi(i=1,2,3)为32b。
轮密钥表示为(rk0,rk1,···,rk31)，其中rki(i=0,1,···，31)为32b。轮密钥由加密密钥生成。
FK=(FK1,FK2,FK3,FK4)为系统参数，CK=(CK0,CK1,···,CK31)为固定参数，用于密钥扩展算法，其中FKi(i=0,1,···，3)，CKi(i=0,1,···，31)均为32b。
加密算法：
SM4加密算法由32次迭代运算和1次反序变换R组成
设明文输入为(X0,X1,X2,X3)∈(Z232)4，密文输出为(Y0,Y1,Y2,Y3)∈(Z232)4,轮密钥为rki∈Z232，i=0,1,···，31。加密算法的运算过程如下。
（1）首先执行32次迭代运算：
Xi+4=F(Xi,Xi+1,Xi+2,Xi+3,rki)=Xi XOR T(Xi XOR Xi+1 XOR Xi+2 XOR Xi+3 XOR rki),i=0,1,···31
（2）对最后一轮数据进行反序变换并得到密文输出：
(Y0,Y1,Y2,Y3)=R(X32,X33,X34,X35)=(X35,X34,X33,X32)。
其中，T：Z232→Z232一个可逆变换，由非线性变换τ和线性变换L复合而成，即T(·)=L(τ(·))。
非线性变换τ
非线性变换τ的本质是S盒的一种并行应用，它由4个S盒并置构成，是用字来作为单位的一种非线性代替变换。设输入为A=(a0,a1,a2,a3)，非线性变换τ的输出为B=(b0,b1,b2,b3)，即：
(b0,b1,b2,b3)=τ(A)=(Sbox(a0),Sbox(a1),Sbox(a2),Sbox(a3))。
其中S盒是一种以字节为单位的非线性代替变换，它的密码学作用是可以起到混淆的作用。S盒的本质是8位的非线性置换，输入和输出都是8位的字节。设输入字节为a，输出字节为b， 则S盒的运算可表示为:b=S_Box(a)
设S盒的输入为EF，则经S盒运算的输出结果结果为第E行、第F列的值，即Sbox(EF)=0x84。
线性变换部件L
线性变换部件L的密码学作用为可以起到扩散。它是以字来作为处理单位的线性变换部件，输入输出的字都是32位。非线性变换τ的输出是线性变换L的输入。设输入为B，则：
C=L(B)=B XOR (B<<<2) XOR (B<<<10) XOR (B<<<18) XOR (B<<<24)。
注：XOR为异或运算
解密算法：
本算法的解密变换与加密变换结构相同，不同的仅是轮密钥的使用顺序，解密时使用轮密钥序(rk31,rk30,···,rk0)。
密钥扩展算法：
本算法轮密钥由加密密钥通过密钥扩展算法生成。设加密密钥为MK，MK=(MK0,MK1,MK2,MK3)∈(Z232)4。
轮密钥生成方法为rki=Ki XOR T’(Ki+1 XOR Ki+2 XOR Ki+3 XOR CKi)，(i=0,1,2,···,31)，其中：
K0=MK0 XOR FK0；
K1=MK1 XOR FK1；
K2=MK2 XOR FK2；
K3=MK3 XOR FK3。
（1）T’是将3.2.2节中合成置换T的线性变换L替换为L’：
L’(B)=B XOR (B<<<13) XOR (B<<<23)。
（2）系统参数FK的取值为
FK0=(A2B1BAC6)；
FK1=(56AA3350)；
FK2=(677D9197)；
FK3=(B27022DC)。
（3）固定参数CK取值方法为：
设cki,j为CKi的第j字节(i=0,1,···,31;j=0,1,2,3)，即CKi=(cki,0,cki,1,cki,2,cki,3)∈(Z28)4，则cki,j=(4i+j)×7(mod 256)。
固定参数CKi(i=0,1,2,···,31)的具体值为：
00070E15，1C232A31，383F464D，545B6269，
70777E85，8C939AA1，A8AFB6BD，C4CBD2D9，
E0E7EEF5，FC030A11，181F262D，343B4249，
50575E65，6C737A81，888F969D，A4ABB2B9，
C0C7CED5，DCE3EAF1，F8FF060D，141B2229，
30373E45,，4C535A61，686F767D，848B9299，
A0A7AEB5，BCC3CAD1，D8DFE6ED，F4FB0209，
10171E25，2C333A41，484F565D，646B7279。
C语言实现：
sm4.h文件：
/**
* \file sm4.h
*/
#ifndef XYSSL_SM4_H
#define XYSSL_SM4_H
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#define SM4_ENCRYPT 1
#define SM4_DECRYPT 0
/**
* \brief SM4 context structure
*/
typedef struct
{
int mode; /*!< encrypt/decrypt */
unsigned long sk[32]; /*!< SM4 subkeys */
}sm4_context;
/**
* \brief SM4 key schedule (128-bit, encryption)
*
* \param ctx SM4 context to be initialized
* \param key 16-byte secret key
*/
void sm4_setkey_enc( sm4_context *ctx, unsigned char key[16] );
/**
* \brief SM4 key schedule (128-bit, decryption)
*
* \param ctx SM4 context to be initialized
* \param key 16-byte secret key
*/
void sm4_setkey_dec( sm4_context *ctx, unsigned char key[16] );
/**
* \brief SM4-ECB block encryption/decryption
* \param ctx SM4 context
* \param mode SM4_ENCRYPT or SM4_DECRYPT
* \param length length of the input data
* \param input input block
* \param output output block
*/
void sm4_crypt_ecb( sm4_context *ctx,
int mode,
int length,
unsigned char *input,
unsigned char *output);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* sm4.h */
sm4.c文件：
/*
* SM4 Encryption alogrithm (SMS4 algorithm)
* GM/T 0002-2012 Chinese National Standard ref:http://www.oscca.gov.cn/
* thanks to Xyssl
* thnaks and refers to http://hi.baidu.com/numax/blog/item/80addfefddfb93e4cf1b3e61.html
* author:goldboar
* email:[email protected]
* 2012-4-20
*/
#include "sm4.h"
#include
#include
/*
* 32-bit integer manipulation macros (big endian)
*/
#ifndef GET_ULONG_BE
#define GET_ULONG_BE(n,b,i) \
{ \
(n) = ( (unsigned long) (b)[(i) ] << 24 ) \
| ( (unsigned long) (b)[(i) + 1] << 16 ) \
| ( (unsigned long) (b)[(i) + 2] << 8 ) \
| ( (unsigned long) (b)[(i) + 3] ); \
}
#endif
#ifndef PUT_ULONG_BE
#define PUT_ULONG_BE(n,b,i) \
{ \
(b)[(i) ] = (unsigned char) ( (n) >> 24 ); \
(b)[(i) + 1] = (unsigned char) ( (n) >> 16 ); \
(b)[(i) + 2] = (unsigned char) ( (n) >> 8 ); \
(b)[(i) + 3] = (unsigned char) ( (n) ); \
}
#endif
/*
*rotate shift left marco definition
*
*/
#define SHL(x,n) (((x) & 0xFFFFFFFF) << n)
#define ROTL(x,n) (SHL((x),n) | ((x) >> (32 - n)))
#define SWAP(a,b) { unsigned long t = a; a = b; b = t; t = 0; }
/*
* Expanded SM4 S-boxes
/* Sbox table: 8bits input convert to 8 bits output*/
static const unsigned char SboxTable[16][16] =
{
{0xd6,0x90,0xe9,0xfe,0xcc,0xe1,0x3d,0xb7,0x16,0xb6,0x14,0xc2,0x28,0xfb,0x2c,0x05},
{0x2b,0x67,0x9a,0x76,0x2a,0xbe,0x04,0xc3,0xaa,0x44,0x13,0x26,0x49,0x86,0x06,0x99},
{0x9c,0x42,0x50,0xf4,0x91,0xef,0x98,0x7a,0x33,0x54,0x0b,0x43,0xed,0xcf,0xac,0x62},
{0xe4,0xb3,0x1c,0xa9,0xc9,0x08,0xe8,0x95,0x80,0xdf,0x94,0xfa,0x75,0x8f,0x3f,0xa6},
{0x47,0x07,0xa7,0xfc,0xf3,0x73,0x17,0xba,0x83,0x59,0x3c,0x19,0xe6,0x85,0x4f,0xa8},
{0x68,0x6b,0x81,0xb2,0x71,0x64,0xda,0x8b,0xf8,0xeb,0x0f,0x4b,0x70,0x56,0x9d,0x35},
{0x1e,0x24,0x0e,0x5e,0x63,0x58,0xd1,0xa2,0x25,0x22,0x7c,0x3b,0x01,0x21,0x78,0x87},
{0xd4,0x00,0x46,0x57,0x9f,0xd3,0x27,0x52,0x4c,0x36,0x02,0xe7,0xa0,0xc4,0xc8,0x9e},
{0xea,0xbf,0x8a,0xd2,0x40,0xc7,0x38,0xb5,0xa3,0xf7,0xf2,0xce,0xf9,0x61,0x15,0xa1},
{0xe0,0xae,0x5d,0xa4,0x9b,0x34,0x1a,0x55,0xad,0x93,0x32,0x30,0xf5,0x8c,0xb1,0xe3},
{0x1d,0xf6,0xe2,0x2e,0x82,0x66,0xca,0x60,0xc0,0x29,0x23,0xab,0x0d,0x53,0x4e,0x6f},
{0xd5,0xdb,0x37,0x45,0xde,0xfd,0x8e,0x2f,0x03,0xff,0x6a,0x72,0x6d,0x6c,0x5b,0x51},
{0x8d,0x1b,0xaf,0x92,0xbb,0xdd,0xbc,0x7f,0x11,0xd9,0x5c,0x41,0x1f,0x10,0x5a,0xd8},
{0x0a,0xc1,0x31,0x88,0xa5,0xcd,0x7b,0xbd,0x2d,0x74,0xd0,0x12,0xb8,0xe5,0xb4,0xb0},
{0x89,0x69,0x97,0x4a,0x0c,0x96,0x77,0x7e,0x65,0xb9,0xf1,0x09,0xc5,0x6e,0xc6,0x84},
{0x18,0xf0,0x7d,0xec,0x3a,0xdc,0x4d,0x20,0x79,0xee,0x5f,0x3e,0xd7,0xcb,0x39,0x48}
};
/* System parameter */
static const unsigned long FK[4] = {0xa3b1bac6,0x56aa3350,0x677d9197,0xb27022dc};
/* fixed parameter */
static const unsigned long CK[32] =
{
0x00070e15,0x1c232a31,0x383f464d,0x545b6269,
0x70777e85,0x8c939aa1,0xa8afb6bd,0xc4cbd2d9,
0xe0e7eef5,0xfc030a11,0x181f262d,0x343b4249,
0x50575e65,0x6c737a81,0x888f969d,0xa4abb2b9,
0xc0c7ced5,0xdce3eaf1,0xf8ff060d,0x141b2229,
0x30373e45,0x4c535a61,0x686f767d,0x848b9299,
0xa0a7aeb5,0xbcc3cad1,0xd8dfe6ed,0xf4fb0209,
0x10171e25,0x2c333a41,0x484f565d,0x646b7279
};
/*
* private function:
* look up in SboxTable and get the related value.
* args: [in] inch: 0x00~0xFF (8 bits unsigned value).
*/
static unsigned char sm4Sbox(unsigned char inch)
{
unsigned char *pTable = (unsigned char *)SboxTable;
unsigned char retVal = (unsigned char)(pTable[inch]);
return retVal;
}
/*
* private F(Lt) function:
* "T algorithm" == "L algorithm" + "t algorithm".
* args: [in] a: a is a 32 bits unsigned value;
* return: c: c is calculated with line algorithm "L" and nonline algorithm "t"
*/
static unsigned long sm4Lt(unsigned long ka)
{
unsigned long bb = 0;
unsigned long c = 0;
unsigned char a[4];
unsigned char b[4];
PUT_ULONG_BE(ka,a,0)
b[0] = sm4Sbox(a[0]);
b[1] = sm4Sbox(a[1]);
b[2] = sm4Sbox(a[2]);
b[3] = sm4Sbox(a[3]);
GET_ULONG_BE(bb,b,0)
c =bb^(ROTL(bb, 2))^(ROTL(bb, 10))^(ROTL(bb, 18))^(ROTL(bb, 24));
return c;
}
/*
* private F function:
* Calculating and getting encryption/decryption contents.
* args: [in] x0: original contents;
* args: [in] x1: original contents;
* args: [in] x2: original contents;
* args: [in] x3: original contents;
* args: [in] rk: encryption/decryption key;
* return the contents of encryption/decryption contents.
*/
static unsigned long sm4F(unsigned long x0, unsigned long x1, unsigned long x2, unsigned long x3, unsigned long rk)
{
return (x0^sm4Lt(x1^x2^x3^rk));
}
/* private function:
* Calculating round encryption key.
* args: [in] a: a is a 32 bits unsigned value;
* return: sk[i]: i{0,1,2,3,...31}.
*/
static unsigned long sm4CalciRK(unsigned long ka)
{
unsigned long bb = 0;
unsigned long rk = 0;
unsigned char a[4];
unsigned char b[4];
PUT_ULONG_BE(ka,a,0)
b[0] = sm4Sbox(a[0]);
b[1] = sm4Sbox(a[1]);
b[2] = sm4Sbox(a[2]);
b[3] = sm4Sbox(a[3]);
GET_ULONG_BE(bb,b,0)
rk = bb^(ROTL(bb, 13))^(ROTL(bb, 23));
return rk;
}
static void sm4_setkey( unsigned long SK[32], unsigned char key[16] )
{
unsigned long MK[4];
unsigned long k[36];
unsigned long i = 0;
GET_ULONG_BE( MK[0], key, 0 );
GET_ULONG_BE( MK[1], key, 4 );
GET_ULONG_BE( MK[2], key, 8 );
GET_ULONG_BE( MK[3], key, 12 );
k[0] = MK[0]^FK[0];
k[1] = MK[1]^FK[1];
k[2] = MK[2]^FK[2];
k[3] = MK[3]^FK[3];
for(; i<32; i++)
{
k[i+4] = k[i] ^ (sm4CalciRK(k[i+1]^k[i+2]^k[i+3]^CK[i]));
SK[i] = k[i+4];
}
}
/*
* SM4 standard one round processing
*
*/
static void sm4_one_round( unsigned long sk[32],
unsigned char input[16],
unsigned char output[16] )
{
unsigned long i = 0;
unsigned long ulbuf[36];
memset(ulbuf, 0, sizeof(ulbuf));
GET_ULONG_BE( ulbuf[0], input, 0 )
GET_ULONG_BE( ulbuf[1], input, 4 )
GET_ULONG_BE( ulbuf[2], input, 8 )
GET_ULONG_BE( ulbuf[3], input, 12 )
while(i<32)
{
ulbuf[i+4] = sm4F(ulbuf[i], ulbuf[i+1], ulbuf[i+2], ulbuf[i+3], sk[i]);
// #ifdef _DEBUG
// printf("rk(%02d) = 0x%08x, X(%02d) = 0x%08x \n",i,sk[i], i, ulbuf[i+4] );
// #endif
i++;
}
PUT_ULONG_BE(ulbuf[35],output,0);
PUT_ULONG_BE(ulbuf[34],output,4);
PUT_ULONG_BE(ulbuf[33],output,8);
PUT_ULONG_BE(ulbuf[32],output,12);
}
/*
* SM4 key schedule (128-bit, encryption)
*/
void sm4_setkey_enc( sm4_context *ctx, unsigned char key[16] )
{
ctx->mode = SM4_ENCRYPT;
sm4_setkey( ctx->sk, key );
}
/*
* SM4 key schedule (128-bit, decryption)
*/
void sm4_setkey_dec( sm4_context *ctx, unsigned char key[16] )
{
int i;
ctx->mode = SM4_ENCRYPT;
sm4_setkey( ctx->sk, key );
for( i = 0; i < 16; i ++ )
{
SWAP( ctx->sk[ i ], ctx->sk[ 31-i] );
}
}
/*
* SM4-ECB block encryption/decryption
*/
void sm4_crypt_ecb( sm4_context *ctx,
int mode,
int length,
unsigned char *input,
unsigned char *output)
{
while( length > 0 )
{
sm4_one_round( ctx->sk, input, output );
input += 16;
output += 16;
length -= 16;
}
}
/*
* * SM4-CBC buffer encryption/decryption
* */
void sm4_crypt_cbc( sm4_context *ctx,
int mode,
int length,
unsigned char iv[16],
unsigned char *input,
unsigned char *output )
{
int i;
unsigned char temp[16];
if( mode == SM4_ENCRYPT )
{
while( length > 0 )
{
for( i = 0; i < 16; i++ )
output[i] = (unsigned char)( input[i] ^ iv[i] );
sm4_one_round( ctx->sk, output, output );
memcpy( iv, output, 16 );
input += 16;
output += 16;
length -= 16;
}
}
else /* SM4_DECRYPT */
{
while( length > 0 )
{
memcpy( temp, input, 16 );
sm4_one_round( ctx->sk, input, output );
for( i = 0; i < 16; i++ )
output[i] = (unsigned char)( output[i] ^ iv[i] );
memcpy( iv, temp, 16 );
input += 16;
output += 16;
length -= 16;
}
}
}
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参考文档链接：
https://blog.csdn.net/Soul_Programmer_Swh/article/details/80263822