棒球·飞盘·MLB棒球创造营

棒球位置

序号	中文	英文（完整/简称）
1	投手	Pitcher / P
2	捕手	Catcher / C
3	一垒手	First-Base Man / 1B
4	二垒手	Second-Base Man / 2B
5	三垒手	Third-Base Man / 3B
6	游击手	Shortstop/ SS
7	左外野	Left-Fielder / LF
8	中外野	Center-Fielder / CF
9	右外野	Right-Fielder / RF

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棒球和垒球专项常用词汇

• Baseball and Softball 棒球和垒球
  baseball 棒球
  baseball field, baseball ground 棒球场
  softball 垒球
  softball field, softball ground 垒球场
  infield,diamond 内场
  outfield 外场
  fair territory 界内地区
  foul territory 界外地区
  foul line 边线
  base line 垒间线
  base 垒
  bag 垒垫, 垒包
  home base 本垒
  first base 一垒
  second base 二垒
  third base 三垒
  home plate 本垒板
  pitcher's plate 投手板
  pitcher's mound （棒球）投手土墩
  pitcher's circle （垒球）投手圈
  batter's box 击球员区
  on deck circle 击球员准备区
  catcher's box 接手区
  coacher's box 跑垒指导员区
  bench, dug-out 队员席
  bull-pen 候补投手练习区
  glove 手套, 分指手套
  milt 合指手套
  bat 球棒
  mask 护面
  chest protector 护胸
  leg protector 护腿
  supporter 护裆
  helmet 护帽
  baseball player 棒球运动员
  softball player 垒球运动员
  pitcher 投手
  catcher 接手
  fielder 守场员
  baseman 守垒员
  infielder 内场手
  first baseman 一垒手
  second baseman 二垒手
  third baseman 三垒手
  shortstop 游击手
  outfielder 外场手
  batter, hitter 击球员
  base-runner 跑垒员
  batter-runner 击跑员
  relief pitcher 候援投手
  designated hitter (DH) 指名击球员
  coacher 跑垒指导员
  manager 总教练
  plate umpire 司球裁判员
  base umpire 司垒裁判员
  inning 局次
  visiting team 先攻队
  home team 后攻队
  offensive team 攻队
  defensive team 守队
  pitching 投手投球
• windup position （棒球投手）正面投球法
  set up position （棒球投手）侧身投球法sling shot （垒球投手）后摆投球法wind mill （垒球投手）绕环投球法8 figure （垒球投手）8字投球法throwing 传球catching 接球fielding 防守batting, hitting 击球base running 跑垒stealing 偷垒sliding 滑垒strike zone 好球区fair ball 界内球foul ball 界外球illegal pitch 不合法投球illegally batted ball 不合法击球bunt 触击球foul tip 擦棒球bunting 触击swing 挥击ground ball, grounder 地滚球liner, line drive 平直球fly ball 腾空球hit, safety hit 安全打one base hit 一垒打two base hit 二垒打three base hit 三垒打home run, homer 本垒打sacrifice hit 牺牲打sacrifice bunt 牺牲触击sacrifice fly 牺牲腾空球squeeze bunt 抢分触击run and hit, hit and run 击跑配合战术safe 安全上垒base on balls 四球安全上垒struck-out 三击出局run,score 得分batting order 击球次序wild pitch （投手）暴投pick-off （投手）牵制跑垒员的传球balk （棒球）投手犯规put-out 接杀out, down, away 出局touch out 触杀force out 封杀assist 助杀run down 夹杀double play, double kill 双杀triple play, triple kill 三杀wild throw 野传球passed ball 接手漏接球ball in play, live ball 继续比赛, 活球ball not in play, dead ball 死球cover 补位back up 策应cut-off 拦接play shallow 近迫防守play deep 後撤防守appeal play 申诉行为called game 有效比赛forfeited game 比赛弃权batting average 安打率fielding average 防守率earned run 投手责任失分complete game 无安打无得分获胜的比赛

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简称/英文/中文解释

A/ assists/ 助杀

AB/at bats/打数

AL/American League /美国联盟

1B/first baseman/一垒手 / 一垒安打

2B/second baseman/二垒手 / 二垒安打

3B /third baseman/三垒手 / 三垒安打

B/balls/坏球数

BA/batting average/打击率

BB/bases on balls/四坏球

BF/batters faced/投球人次

BFS/batters faced per start/投手过劳指数

BK/Balks/投手犯规数

BS /blown saves /救援失败

C/catcher/ 捕手

CF/center fielder/中外野手

CG/complete games/完投场次

CS/ caught stealing/盗垒失败

DH/designated hitter/指定打击

DL/disabled list/受伤名单

DP /double plays/双杀 E/errors/失误

ER/earned runs/投手责任失分

ERA/ earned run average/投手防御率

FA/ free agents/自由球员

FB/fly balls hit against pitcher/投手被击出飞球

FPCT/fielding percentage /守备率

G/games/出赛次数

GF/grounders to flies ratio/滚地球对飞球之比率

GB/games behind ; groundballs/球队胜差 ; 投手被击出滚地球

GDP/times grounded into double plays/击出双杀打的次数

GM/general manager/球队总教练

GS/ games started /投手先发场次

H/hits ; holds/安打 / 投手被安打 ; 中继成功

HBP/hit by pitch/触身球

HP/times hit by pitch/触身球次数

HR /home runs/全垒打 ; 投手被全垒打

IBB/intentional bases on balls/故意四坏球

IF/infielder/ 内野手

IP/innings pitched/投球局数

IR/inherited runners//救援投手上场时已在垒上的跑者 INT/Interference/妨碍

IS/ inherited runners who scored/救援投手让 IR 得分的数量

K /killed 三振 / 打击手被三振

L/loses/败投 / 败场 LF/left fielder/左外野手

LOB/ left on bases /残垒数

MLB/Major League Baseball/美国职棒大联盟

MVP/ most valuable player/最有价值球员

NL/ National League/ 国家联盟 OB/妨碍跑垒

OBP/on base percentage/上垒率 / 投手被上垒率

OF/ outfielder /外野手

PA/plate appearances/打席

PO/put outs/使出局数

PPO/pitcher pickoffs/投手牵制成功数

PSS/ probability of a successful steal/盗垒成功率 R/runs//得分 / 投手失分

RBI/runs batted in/ 打者打点 / 投手被打点

RF/right fielder/右外野手

ROY/Rookie Of the Year/年度新人王

RPA/ run production average/攻分率

SB/stolen bases/盗垒成功 / 投手被盗垒数

SF/sacrifice flies/高飞牺牲打数 / 投手被高飞牺牲打数

SH/sacrifice hits/牺牲触击 / 投手被牺牲触击数

SHO/shoutouts/投手完封场数

SLG/slugging percentage/长打率 / 投手被长打率

SO/strike outs/三振 / 打击手被三振

SP/save points/救援点

SS/shortstop/游击手

SV/saves/救援成功

SVOP/ save opportunities /救援成功率

TA/total average/ 攻击率 TB/total bases/垒打数

TBF/total batters faced/投球人次

TC/ total chances/守备机会

W/wins ; walks/胜投 / 胜场 ; 保送 / 打击手被保送

WP/wild pitches/暴投

WS /World Series/美国大联盟冠军赛(世界大赛)

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MLB名词解释

Umpire = 裁判

Head Coach = 总教练

Line Up = 先发阵容

Rosters = 球队阵容

Head Coach = 总教练

Pitching Coach = 投手教练

Bating Coach = 打击教练

Rotatino = 先发投手轮替序

SP/ Starting Pitcher = 先发投手

RP/ Relief Pitcher = 中继投手

CP/ Closer (Closer Pitcher) = 救援投手

INF/ Infielder = 内野手

OF/ Outfielder = 外野手

Bench Player = 替补选手

Utility Player = 非先发选手

C/ Catcher = 捕手

1B/ First Baseman = 一垒手

2B/ Second Baseman = 二垒手

3B/ Third Baseman = 三垒手

SS/ Short Stop = 游击手

LF/ Left Fielder = 左外野手

CF/ Center Fielder = 中外野手

RF/ Right Fielder = 右外野手

DH/ Designated Hitter = 指定打者

PH/ Pinch Hitter = 代打

PR/ Pinch Runner = 代跑

Switch Hitter = 左右开弓打者

Lefty (美俚语) = 左投手

Lead Off Man (美俚语) = 一棒打者

Slugger (美俚语) = 指长打力很强的打者

Clean Up Batter (美俚语) = 指具有高打点能力的打者，一般指第四棒打者Batting Up = 站上打击区

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统计篇

• 打击及防守部分:
  AB/ At Bat = 上场打击次数 SO(打者统计)/K(投手统计)/
• Strike Out = 三振
  H/ Hit = 安打数
  DB/ Double/ 2 Base Hit = 二垒安打 TB/ Tripple/ 3 Base Hit = 三垒安打 HR/ HomeRun = 全垒打 R/ Run = 得分 RBI/ Runner Batted In = 打点 G/ Game/ GP/ Game Played = 出赛场数 SH/ Sacrifice Hi = 牺牲打 SF/ Sacrifice Fly = 高飞牺牲打 FO/ Fly Out = 飞球 GO/ Ground Out = 滚地球 SB/ Steal Base = 盗垒 DPB/ Double Play Bat = 双杀打 SLG/ Sluggling Percentage= 长打率 AVG/ Batting Average = 打击率 OBP/ On Base Percentage = 上垒率 GWH/ Game Wining Hit = 胜利打点 E/ Error = 失误 DP/ Double Play = 双杀 TP/ Tripple Play = 三杀 CS/ Caught Stealing = 阻杀 A/ Assist = 助杀 FLD/ Fielding Percentage = 守备率 Hit a Cycle: 完全打击 Back to Back Homerun = 连续两棒击出全垒打 Grand Slam = 满垒全垒打 Solo Homerun/ Solo Shot (美俚语) = 阳春全垒打，指垒上无人时击出全垒打 3 Run Blast (美俚语) = 三分全垒打 Go Ahead Run = 超前分 Go Ahead Homerun = 超前分全垒打 Tied Run = 追平分 Scoring Pisition = 得点圈 Runner = 跑者 Ground Rule Double = 场外二垒打 Infield Hit = 内野安打 Line Drive = 平飞打 Infield Fly = 内野高飞球 Base Hit = 一垒安打 Off the Wall = 击中全垒打强的球 Bunt = 触击短打 Squeeze Play = 以牺牲短打来使三垒跑者回本垒得分 Hit and Run = 打带跑 Short Hop = 很近防守员的低弹跳球 Charge = 趋前防守 Diving Catch = 飞扑防守 Frozen Hit (美俚语) = 指非常强劲的穿越安打 Hit to Another Zip Code (美俚语) = 指场外全垒打 Fair = 界内 Foul = 界外

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投手部分

• ERA/ Earned Run Average = 投手防御率
  IP/ Inning Pitched = 投球局数 CG/ Complete Game = 完投 SHO/ Shout Out = 完封 GS/ Game Started = 先发场数 DB/ Dead Ball/ HIP/ Hit by Pitch = 死球 BB/ Base Balled/ Walk/ = 四坏球 B/ Bulk = 投手犯规 R/ Run = 失分 ER/ Earned Run = 自责分 SV/ Save = 救援成功 H/ 被安打(如此项统计数字在投手) W/ Win = 胜场 L/ Lose = 败场 Wild Pitch = 暴投 Perfect Game = 完全比赛 Heater (美俚语) = 指快速直球 Off Speed (美俚语) = 指慢速球 Breaking Ball (美俚语) = 指变化球 Chin Music (美俚语) = 指非常近打者颈部以上的球 Pitch Out = 牵制出局 hat trick = 单场被三振三次，或单场三支HRgolden sombrero = 单场被三振四次cheese = 尾劲十足的速球go yard/go deep = 击出HRjack = HRmoon shot = 超大号HRretire = 出局

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大陆与台湾棒球术语区别

大陆的讲法-台湾的讲法

• 接手——捕手（一般我习惯讲捕手。）
  外场/内场——外野/内野（我感觉南方的喜欢说外野，北方的喜欢说外场吧~~）
  中外场手——中坚手（注意！台湾不说中外野手，这个明显是从日语那边移植过来的……）
  漏接——捕逸（台湾的说法好文言。）
  得分打——打点（这个我觉得台湾的说法比较好一点，大陆的容易误会，让人觉得像有得分的打数）
  击球员——打者（捡个短点儿的说啦）
  触击——短打（有的触击可不短哦，能飞得好高好高好高……当然被接杀了~~）
  偷垒——盗垒（偷盗一个意思，盗垒比较顺口）
  腾空牺牲球——高飞牺牲球（腾空和高飞一看就知道文学素养上的差别）
  三击——三振（小时候看漫画，三振听多了~~）
  投球中身——触身球（死球）（好疼！~~讲“触”感觉比较轻一点~）
  责任失分——自责分（防守率）（想当初我花了一个星期时间才理解的一个东西）
  胜/负队投手——胜/败投（台湾那边写的是繁体字，当然字越少越好）
  助胜投手——救援投手（助胜是共同取胜，突出集体作战的概念；救援是一个不行了另一个才上来，讲究的是个人英雄主义~~）
  守场员——野手（棒球场是够大的，称野比较…看不到边）
  守场员选杀——野手选择（选择什么？)

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THE BASIC RULES 基本规则

飞盘基础术语

队员角色

• 队长：captain
• 控盘人：handler
• 切盘人：cutter
• 防盘人：marker
• 队员：player

扔盘

• 正手：forehand
• 反手：backhand
• 长传：huck
• 回传：dump
• 开盘：the pull
• 接盘：catch

规则及鼓励用语

• 盘出手了：up
• 防得好：nice d
• 接的好：nice catch
• 很棒 好尝试：nice try
• 传的好：nice throw
• 冲得分区 下底：go deep
• 开始：discin
• 数秒：stalling
• 得分：score

场地

• 得分区：endzone
• 出界：out
• 在界内：in
• 边线：side line

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The Pull 发盘

Each point starts with a throw-off from the goal line (“pull”). All players must remain in their end zone until the pull is thrown.

每一分的争夺由防守方队员将飞盘掷向进攻方开始（发盘）。所有的场上队员在飞盘掷出之前不得离开各自防守的得分区。

At the start of the game a toss decides which team throws the first pull.

比赛开始前通过猜盘的方式决定由哪一队发盘。

After a goal is scored, play stops. The team that scored stays in that end zone and throws the pull and becomes the defensive team. So, teams change their direction of attack after each point.

如果有一方得分，比赛暂停下来。得分方留在得分区并成为防守方进行下一分的发盘。即每得一分之后双方交换场地。

If the pull lands outside the playing field the thrower can either start play from the side line where the disc left the field, or from the “brick” mark closest to their end zone.

如果防守方发盘出界，进攻方可以从飞盘的出界位置继续比赛，也可以从离自己防守的得分区最近的砖点（也称出界发盘点）继续比赛。

The thrower indicates they are choosing the brick option by raising their hand and calling “brick”.

如果进攻方选择从砖点继续比赛，需要举手明示对方并喊出“砖点”。

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In-bounds and out-of-bounds 界内和界外

A disc is in-bounds when the receiving player is inside the playing field when they catch the disc.

接盘人接住飞盘的时刻在界内的话飞盘的状态也是界内。

If you catch the disc after jumping in the air, your first point of contact must land inside the field.

如果在空中接住飞盘，接盘人的第一落点需在界内，否则为出界。

The side lines are not part of the playing field.

边线和端线不属于界内。

If you catch the disc in-bounds, and then momentum takes you out-of-bounds, you must return to where you left the field before you can throw the disc.

如果在界内接住飞盘后接盘人因为缓冲跑动而出界，必须回到出界点继续比赛。

You are allowed to throw the disc so that it flies outside the playing field and then comes back in, as long as it does not touch anything out-of-bounds and is caught inside the field.

扔出的飞盘在空中飞行过程中出界后又飞回界内，如果没有触碰界外的区域或者界外区域的任何东西，且飞盘在界内被接住，飞盘也是界内不属于出界 。

If the disc goes out-of-bounds, it is a turnover. It does not matter which team last touched the disc.Play continues from the spot where the disc left the field.

如果飞盘出界了，不论哪一方最后触碰的飞盘，都会发生攻防转换。比赛在飞盘的出界点继续进行。

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No running with the disc 不得持盘跑动

You are not allowed to run while you have possession of the disc (“travel”).

持盘人不能跑动（走步）。

After catching the disc while running, you must stop as quickly as possible.

跑动中接到飞盘,应尽快停下来。

Once you stop, you must keep one foot still, but you are allowed to move the other foot: this is called pivoting.

持盘人停止下来后,有一只脚不能移动(轴心脚),另一只脚是可以移动的。

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The 10-second rule 10秒规则

The thrower has 10 seconds to throw the disc.

持盘人有10秒钟的时间传出飞盘。

A defender can stand in front of you (remember: no contact!) and count aloud to ten, in one second intervals.

一名防守方队员可以站在持盘人面前(谨记:不能有身体接触)大声从1数到10进行计时,每次读秒至少应有1秒钟的时间间隔。

If the disc is still in your hand at the “t” of “ten”, the other team gets possession of the disc.

如果读秒计时数到“十”字的“sh”音持盘人还未将飞盘传出，则发生攻防转换，防守方获得盘权。

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Turnovers 攻防转换

The defensive team takes possession of the disc (a “turnover”) if the offence fails to catch a pass, if they catch it out-of-bounds, or if it is intercepted or knocked down by a defensive player.

如果发生进攻方队员没有接住队友传来的飞盘、进攻方队员在界外接住队友传来的飞盘、进攻方传出的飞盘被防守方接住、进攻方传出的飞盘被防守方击落等情况，则防守方获得盘权成为进攻方（一次攻防转换）。

Turnovers also occur when:

以下情况也会发生攻防转换：

• The marker reaches “ten” before the disc was thrown

10秒内未传出飞盘

• The disc is handed from one player to another without being thrown

持盘人的飞盘未离手递给队友

• The thrower catches their own throw without the disc being touched by anyone else

持盘人在没有其他选手触碰了飞盘的情况下自己接住了自己传出去的飞盘

• The offensive team tries to catch the pull, but drops it

进攻方接发盘的时候接触到了飞盘但是没接住掉落

After an in-bounds turnover the other team may resume play at the point where the disc was caught or stopped.

在界内发生攻防转换后，比赛从飞盘被接住或停下来的地点继续进行。

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Fouls, Violations and Infractions 犯规、违例和违规

• Ultimate is a non-contact sport. Physical contact should always be avoided.

极限飞盘是无身体对抗的运动，所有人都应该主动避免任何身体接触和对抗。

• Contact that is dangerous or affects the outcome of the play is a Foul.

具有危险性的身体接触动作或者身体接触对场上的情形造成影响都属于犯规。

• The thrower may not be defended by more than one player at the same time (“double team”).

两名或两名以上防守方队员不能同时防守一名持盘人（双人防守违规）。

• The marker may not come closer than one disc diameter to the thrower (“disc space”).

防守方在防守持盘人的时候，站位应离持盘人至少一个飞盘直径的距离（飞盘间距）。

• The marker may not hit or grab the disc out of the hand of the thrower. They may however try to block the disc with their hands or feet after it is thrown.

防守方不能击打、抢夺持盘人手中的飞盘。可以在飞盘出手后用手或脚截堵飞盘。

• If opposing players catch the disc at the same time, the offensive player gets possession of the disc.

如果攻防双方队员同时接住飞盘，则进攻方获得盘权。

• Players are not allowed to create shepherds, picks or screens to obstruct the path of defensive players (“pick”).

场上选手不允许制造护送、阻挡或者遮挡这些情形阻碍防守方队员的跑动路线。

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Making a Call 示意

If you believe you have been fouled by an opposing player, you can call “foul”. If the disc is in the air,play continues until possession is established (a catch or a turnover).

如果认为对方的选手犯规了，可以示意“犯规”。如果飞盘已经出手在空中，比赛在盘权确立之后继续进行（接住飞盘继续比赛或者攻防转换）。

If your team gets possession, then play can continue, otherwise, play stops immediately.

如果是被犯规一方获得飞盘，比赛可以直接继续进行，不然就立刻停下来。

After play stops, you explain what the foul was and discuss this with the other player involved. If the opponent disagrees that there was a foul, they may call “contest” and the disc is returned to the previous thrower.

比赛停下之后，需要说明犯规行为并和与犯规有关的其他选手商讨。如果犯规方不同意这次犯规，可以表示“争议”，飞盘回到发生争议前的上一个持盘人的手中。

If they agree that there was a foul, they call “accepted” and, generally, you take possession of the disc.

如果犯规方对这次犯规无异议，表示“接受”，通常由被犯规的选手获得盘权。

Play is resumed with a “check”: the marker touches the disc in the thrower’s hand and calls “disc in”.

比赛重新开始前需要进行“验盘”：防守方需触碰持盘人手中的飞盘，然后喊出“飞盘入界”。

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Scoring 得分

You score a goal if you catch the disc in the endzone that you are attacking.

在进攻的得分区内接到飞盘就得一分。

If you are in the air, your first point of contact must be in the endzone. If your foot touches the goal line it is not a goal.

如果在空中接住飞盘，身体的第一落地点必须在得分区内才算得分。此外，触线不算得分。

After a goal, play stops and teams swap which end zone they are defending.

得分之后，比赛双方交换进攻的方向（交换场地）。

The first team to 15 goals wins, with a time cap of 100 minutes, but this can change depending on the level of play.

比赛时全场时限是100分钟，先得到15分的一方获得胜利，可以根据比赛级别进行适当调整。

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