第2章 MongoDB安装部署
1.目录规划
/opt/mongodb
/opt/mongo_27017/{conf,log,pid}
/data/mongo_27017
2.安装步骤
安装依赖
yum install libcurl openssl -y
#wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-4.0.14.tgz
tar zxf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.14.tgz -C /opt/
cd /opt/
mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.14 mongodb
#方法1：将可执行命令复制到/usr/local/bin/下
cp /opt/mongodb/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
检查命令补全
#方法2：写入环境变量
echo 'export PATH=/opt/mongodb/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
3.创建目录
mkdir -p /opt/mongo_27017/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /data/mongo_27017
4.配置文件
cat > /opt/mongo_27017/conf/mongodb.conf << EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/mongo_27017/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/mongo_27017
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/mongo_27017/pid/mongod.pid
net:
port: 27017
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,10.0.0.51
EOF
5.配置文件注释
systemLog:
destination: file #Mongodb 日志输出的目的地，指定一个file或者syslog，如果指定file，必须指定
logAppend: true #当实例重启时，不创建新的日志文件， 在老的日志文件末尾继续添加
path: /opt/mongo_27017/logs/mongodb.log #日志路径
storage:
journal: #回滚日志
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/mongo_27017 #数据存储目录
directoryPerDB: true #默认，false不适用inmemoryengine
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5 #将用于所有数据缓存的最大小，也可以改成1表示为1G
directoryForIndexes: true #默认false索引集合storage.dbPath存储在数据单独子目录
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement: #使用处理系统守护进程的控制处理
fork: true #后台运行
pidFilePath: /opt/mongo_27017/pid/mongod.pid #创建 pid 文件
net:
port: 27017 #监听端口
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,10.0.0.51 #绑定ip
6.启动
[root@db-51 ~]# mongod -f /opt/mongo_27017/conf/mongodb.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 17694
child process started successfully, parent exiting
7.检查
[root@db-51 ~]# ps -ef|grep mongo
root 17694 1 1 14:55 ? 00:00:00 mongod -f /opt/mongo_27017/conf/mongodb.conf
root 17727 17486 0 14:56 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mongo
[root@db-51 ~]# tree /opt/
/opt/
├── mongo_27017
│ ├── conf
│ │ └── mongodb.conf
│ ├── log
│ │ └── mongodb.log
│ └── pid
│ └── mongod.pid
└── mongodb
└── bin
├── bsondump
├── install_compass
├── mongo
├── mongod
├── mongodump
├── mongoexport
├── mongofiles
├── mongoimport
├── mongoreplay
├── mongorestore
├── mongos
├── mongostat
└── mongotop
8.登陆
mongo
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
2.mongodb优化启动警告
1.数据库没有开启访问控制
** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
解决方法：
后面章节讲解，暂时不用管
2.root启动不安全
** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
解决方法：
mongod -f /opt/mongo_27017/conf/mongodb.conf --shutdown
查看警告
修复警告
groupadd mongo -g 777
useradd mongo -g 777 -u 777 -M -s /sbin/nologin
id mongo
cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service< [Unit] Description=MongoDB Database Server Documentation=https://docs.mongodb.org/manual After=network.target [Service] User=mongo Group=mongo ExecStart=/opt/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /opt/mongo_27017/conf/mongodb.conf ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown -R mongo:mongo /opt/mongo_27017/ ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown -R mongo:mongo /data/mongo_27017/ PermissionsStartOnly=true PIDFile=/opt/mongo_27017/pid/mongod.pid Type=forking # file size LimitFSIZE=infinity # cpu time LimitCPU=infinity # virtual memory size LimitAS=infinity # open files LimitNOFILE=64000 # processes/threads LimitNPROC=64000 # locked memory LimitMEMLOCK=infinity # total threads (user+kernel) TasksMax=infinity TasksAccounting=false # Recommended limits for for mongod as specified in # http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/ulimit/#recommended-settings [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start mongod.service ps -ef|grep mongo mongo 注意：修改配置的时候要先停掉mongo 检查：少了第一条报错 3.关闭大内存页功能 ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. ** We suggest setting it to 'never' ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 解决方法： echo 'never' > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled echo 'never' > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag systemctl restart mongod.service mongo 4.关闭云监控功能 --- Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc). The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you. To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring() To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring() --- 解决方法： mongo > db.disableFreeMonitoring() 03 mongo数据库基础知识 1.mongo数据库相关概念 mysql mongodb 库 库 database 表 集合 collection 字段 键 key 行数据 文档 document mysql里的数据 user库 user_info表 name age job oldzhang 24 IT cookzhang 28 cook xiaozhang 26 IT mongo里的数据 user 库 user_info 集合 db.user_info.insert { name:"oldzhang", age:"24", job:"IT" } 文档 { name:"cookzhang", age:"28", job:"cook" } 文档 { name:"xiaozhang", age:"26", job:"IT" } 文档 { name:"cookya", age:"23", job:"cook" , host:"XZ" } 文档 2.查看数据库命令 #查看所有数据库 > show databases admin 0.000GB config 0.000GB local 0.000GB > show dbs admin 0.000GB config 0.000GB local 0.000GB #查看当前所在的库 > db test #切换库 > use zhangya > db zhangya 3.默认数据库作用 test: 登陆的时默认的库 admin: 系统预留库，Mongodb的系统管理库 local: 本地预留库，存储关键日志 config: 配置信息库 4.mongo特别的地方 mongo默认登陆的时候是在test库下 mongo不需要提前创建库和表，直接use切换就是创建库，直接插入数据就会创建表 使用use切换到的库，如果没有任何数据，实际上并不会真正创建，是个虚的库，所以show dbs并不会显现 04 mongodb插入命令 插入命令 1.官网地址 https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/crud/ 2.语法格式 db.集合名称.操作函数({数据}) 3.插入单条数据 use user db.user_info.insertOne({name: "贺明",age: 26,host: "深圳"}) db.user_info.insertOne({name: "zhang",age: 29,host: "北京"}) db.user_info.insertOne({name: "yazhang",age: 29,host: "上海"}) db.user_info.insertOne({name: "lixiaojie",age: 25,host: "深圳"}) 查询插入数据的结果 4.插入多条数据 db.user_info.insertMany([ {name: "laoliu",age: 24,host: "深圳"}, {name: "laozhang",age: 30,host: "深圳"}, {name: "yijie",age: 19,host: "深圳"}, {name: "yijie",age: 19,host: "深圳",job: "IT"} ]) db.user_info.find({}) 05 mongodb查询命令 mongo查询语句 1.查询单条 select * from user_info limit 1; db.user_info.findOne() 2.查询所有 select * from user_info; db.user_info.find() 3.简单条件查询 select * from user_info where name='yijie'; db.user_info.find({name: "yijie"}) db.user_info.find({age: 29}) 4.只返回想要的字段 select name,age from user_info where name='yijie'; db.user_info.find({查询条件},{控制字段显示}) db.user_info.find({name:"yijie"},{name:1,age:1,_id:0}) db.user_info.find( {name:"yijie"}, { name:1, age:1, _id:0 } ) 5.嵌套查询 #测试数据 db.inventory.insertMany([ { item: "journal", qty: 25, size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" }, { item: "notebook", qty: 50, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "A" }, { item: "paper", qty: 100, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "D" }, { item: "planner", qty: 75, size: { h: 22.85, w: 30, uom: "cm" }, status: "D" }, { item: "postcard", qty: 45, size: { h: 10, w: 15.25, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" } ]) 查询所在库表 #嵌套查询命令，查询uom为cm的数据 db.inventory.find({"size.uom":"cm"}) db.inventory.find({"size.uom":"cm"},{item:1,status:1,_id:0}) 6.运算查询 https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query-comparison/ select * from inventory where status='A' AND qty < 30; db.inventory.find( { status: "A", qty: { $lt: 30 } } ) db.inventory.find( { status: "A", qty: { $lt: 30 } } ) 7.逻辑查询-and db.inventory.find( { status: "A", "size.h": { $gt: 10 } } ) db.inventory.find( { status: "A", "size.h": { $gt: 10 } }, { item: 1, "size.h": 1, status: 1, _id: 0 } ) 8.逻辑查询-or db.inventory.find( { $or: [ { status: "A" }, { qty: { $lt: 30 } } ] } ) db.inventory.find( { $or: [ { status: "A" }, { qty: { $lt: 30 } } ] } ) 9.逻辑查询+或+and+正则表达式 db.inventory.find({ status: "A", $or: [ { qty: { $lt: 30 } }, { item: /^p/ } ] }) 跟新数据 先查找数据 db.inventory.updateOne( { item: /^P/}, { $set: { status: "B" } } ) 查询修改后的结果 06 mongodb更新命令 更新数据 db.inventory.find({item: /^p/}) 1.更新单条 db.inventory.updateOne( { item: /^p/ }, { $set: { status: "P" } } ) 2.更新多条 db.inventory.updateMany( { item: /^p/ }, { $set: { status: "P" } } ) db.inventory.updateMany( { $or: [ { status: "A" }, { qty: { $lt: 30 } } ] }, { $set: { "size.uom":"mm",status: "F"} } ) 07 mongodb索引 1.查看当前集合的索引 db.inventory.getIndexes() 2.自建ID列 db.user_info.insertOne({id:1,name: "zhang",age: 29,host: "北京"}) db.user_info.insertOne({id:2,name: "yazhang",age: 29,host: "上海"}) db.user_info.insertOne({id:3,name: "yaya",age: 29,host: "深圳"}) db.user_info.find({id:1}).explain() 3.索引种类 COLLSCAN 全表扫描 IXSCAN 索引扫描 4.创建索引 db.user_info.createIndex( { id: 1 }, { background: true } ) #查询索引 > db.user_info.getIndexes() [ { "v" : 2, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "zhangya.user_info" }, { "v" : 2, "key" : { "id" : 1 }, "name" : "id_1", "ns" : "zhangya.user_info", "background" : true } ] > #查询计划 > db.user_info.find({id:1}).explain() 08 mongodb删除命令 1.删除索引 db.user_info.getIndexes() db.user_info.dropIndex("id_1") 查询索引 db.user_info.getIndexes() 2.删除数据 db.user_info.find({id:1}) db.user_info.deleteOne({id:1}) db.inventory.find( { $or: [ { status: "F" }, { qty: { $lt: 100 } } ] } ) db.inventory.deleteMany( { $or: [ { status: "F" }, { qty: { $lt: 100 } } ] } ) 3.删除集合 db.inventory.drop() db.user_info.drop() 4.删除库 db db.dropDatabase() 删除库之后，库下面的集合就不存在了