目录
67. 二进制求和 Add Binary
68. 文本左右对齐 Text Justification
69. x 的平方根 Sqrt x
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给你两个二进制字符串,返回它们的和(用二进制表示)。
输入为 非空 字符串且只包含数字 1
和 0
。
示例 1:
输入: a = "11", b = "1" 输出: "100"
示例 2:
输入: a = "1010", b = "1011" 输出: "10101"
提示:
'0'
或 '1'
组成。1 <= a.length, b.length <= 10^4
"0"
,就都不含前导零。代码1:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func addBinary(a string, b string) string {
n, m := len(a), len(b)
if n < m {
n, m = m, n
a, b = b, a
}
b = strings.Repeat("0", n-m) + b
res := make([]byte, n+1)
carry := byte(0)
for i := n - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
sum := carry + a[i] - '0' + b[i] - '0'
res[i+1] = sum%2 + '0'
carry = sum / 2
}
if carry > 0 {
res[0] = '1'
return string(res)
}
return string(res[1:])
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(addBinary("11", "1"))
fmt.Println(addBinary("1010", "1011"))
}
代码2:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strconv"
)
func addBinary(a string, b string) string {
n, m := len(a)-1, len(b)-1
carry, res := 0, ""
for n >= 0 || m >= 0 || carry > 0 {
if n >= 0 {
carry += int(a[n] - '0')
n--
}
if m >= 0 {
carry += int(b[m] - '0')
m--
}
res = strconv.Itoa(carry%2) + res
carry /= 2
}
return res
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(addBinary("11", "1"))
fmt.Println(addBinary("1010", "1011"))
}
输出:
100
10101
给定一个单词数组 words
和一个长度 maxWidth
,重新排版单词,使其成为每行恰好有 maxWidth
个字符,且左右两端对齐的文本。
你应该使用 “贪心算法” 来放置给定的单词;也就是说,尽可能多地往每行中放置单词。必要时可用空格 ' '
填充,使得每行恰好有 maxWidth 个字符。
要求尽可能均匀分配单词间的空格数量。如果某一行单词间的空格不能均匀分配,则左侧放置的空格数要多于右侧的空格数。
文本的最后一行应为左对齐,且单词之间不插入额外的空格。
注意:
words
至少包含一个单词。示例 1:
输入: words = ["This", "is", "an", "example", "of", "text", "justification."], maxWidth = 16 输出: [ "This is an", "example of text", "justification. " ]
示例 2:
输入:words = ["What","must","be","acknowledgment","shall","be"], maxWidth = 16 输出: [ "What must be", "acknowledgment ", "shall be " ] 解释: 注意最后一行的格式应为 "shall be " 而不是 "shall be", 因为最后一行应为左对齐,而不是左右两端对齐。 第二行同样为左对齐,这是因为这行只包含一个单词。
示例 3:
输入:words = ["Science","is","what","we","understand","well","enough","to","explain","to","a","computer.","Art","is","everything","else","we","do"],maxWidth = 20 输出: [ "Science is what we", "understand well", "enough to explain to", "a computer. Art is", "everything else we", "do " ]
提示:
1 <= words.length <= 300
1 <= words[i].length <= 20
words[i]
由小写英文字母和符号组成1 <= maxWidth <= 100
words[i].length <= maxWidth
代码1:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func fullJustify(words []string, maxWidth int) []string {
ans := []string{}
right, n := 0, len(words)
for {
left := right // 当前行的第一个单词在 words 的位置
sumLen := 0 // 统计这一行单词长度之和
// 循环确定当前行可以放多少单词,注意单词之间应至少有一个空格
for right < n && sumLen+len(words[right])+right-left <= maxWidth {
sumLen += len(words[right])
right++
}
// 最后一行特殊处理:单词左对齐,右侧补齐空格
if right == n {
s := strings.Join(words[left:], " ")
ans = append(ans, s+space(maxWidth-len(s)))
return ans
}
// 当前行是最后一行以外的其他行
numWords := right - left
numSpaces := maxWidth - sumLen
// 如果只有一个单词,特殊处理:左侧补齐空格
if numWords == 1 {
ans = append(ans, words[left]+space(numSpaces))
continue
}
// 普通情况:单词之间应均匀分配额外的空格
avgSpaces := numSpaces / (numWords - 1)
extraSpaces := numSpaces % (numWords - 1)
s1 := strings.Join(words[left:left+extraSpaces+1], space(avgSpaces+1))
s2 := strings.Join(words[left+extraSpaces+1:right], space(avgSpaces))
ans = append(ans, s1+space(avgSpaces)+s2)
}
}
// 返回长度为 n 的由空格组成的字符串
func space(n int) string {
return strings.Repeat(" ", n)
}
func main() {
words := []string{"This", "is", "an", "example", "of", "text", "justification."}
maxWidth := 16
for _, line := range fullJustify(words, maxWidth) {
fmt.Println(line)
}
fmt.Println()
words = []string{"What", "must", "be", "acknowledgment", "shall", "be"}
for _, line := range fullJustify(words, maxWidth) {
fmt.Println(line)
}
fmt.Println()
words = []string{"Science", "is", "what", "we", "understand", "well", "enough", "to", "explain", "to", "a", "computer.", "Art", "is", "everything", "else", "we", "do"}
maxWidth = 20
for _, line := range fullJustify(words, maxWidth) {
fmt.Println(line)
}
}
代码2:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func fullJustify(words []string, maxWidth int) []string {
ans := []string{}
n := len(words)
i := 0
for i < n {
left := i // 当前行的第一个单词在 words 中的位置
sumLen := 0 // 统计这一行单词长度之和
// 循环确定当前行可以放多少单词,注意单词之间应至少有一个空格
for i < n && sumLen+len(words[i])+i-left <= maxWidth {
sumLen += len(words[i])
i++
}
// 当前行是最后一行的特殊处理
if i == n {
s := strings.Join(words[left:], " ")
ans = append(ans, s+space(maxWidth-len(s)))
break
}
// 当前行不是最后一行的特殊处理
numWords := i - left
numSpaces := maxWidth - sumLen
// 如果只有一个单词,特殊处理:左侧补齐空格
if numWords == 1 {
ans = append(ans, words[left]+space(numSpaces))
continue
}
// 普通情况:单词之间应均匀分配额外的空格
avgSpaces := numSpaces / (numWords - 1)
extraSpaces := numSpaces % (numWords - 1)
s1 := strings.Join(words[left:left+extraSpaces+1], space(avgSpaces+1))
s2 := strings.Join(words[left+extraSpaces+1:i], space(avgSpaces))
ans = append(ans, s1+space(avgSpaces)+s2)
}
return ans
}
// 返回长度为 n 的由空格组成的字符串
func space(n int) string {
return strings.Repeat(" ", n)
}
func main() {
words := []string{"This", "is", "an", "example", "of", "text", "justification."}
maxWidth := 16
for _, line := range fullJustify(words, maxWidth) {
fmt.Println(line)
}
fmt.Println()
words = []string{"What", "must", "be", "acknowledgment", "shall", "be"}
for _, line := range fullJustify(words, maxWidth) {
fmt.Println(line)
}
fmt.Println()
words = []string{"Science", "is", "what", "we", "understand", "well", "enough", "to", "explain", "to", "a", "computer.", "Art", "is", "everything", "else", "we", "do"}
maxWidth = 20
for _, line := range fullJustify(words, maxWidth) {
fmt.Println(line)
}
}
输出:
This is an
example of text
justification.
What must be
acknowledgment
shall be
Science is what we
understand well
enough to explain to
a computer. Art is
everything else we
do
给你一个非负整数 x
,计算并返回 x
的 算术平方根 。
由于返回类型是整数,结果只保留 整数部分 ,小数部分将被 舍去 。
注意:不允许使用任何内置指数函数和算符,例如 pow(x, 0.5)
或者 x ** 0.5
。
示例 1:
输入:x = 4 输出:2
示例 2:
输入:x = 8 输出:2 解释:8 的算术平方根是 2.82842..., 由于返回类型是整数,小数部分将被舍去。
提示:
0 <= x <= 2^31 - 1
代码1:暴力枚举
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func mySqrt(x int) int {
i := 0
for i*i <= x {
i++
}
return i - 1
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(mySqrt(4))
fmt.Println(mySqrt(8))
fmt.Println(mySqrt(122))
}
代码2:牛顿迭代法
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math"
)
func mySqrt(x int) int {
if x == 0 {
return 0
}
x0 := float64(x)
eps := 1e-6
for {
x1 := 0.5 * (x0 + float64(x)/x0)
if math.Abs(x1-x0) < eps {
break
}
x0 = x1
}
return int(x0)
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(mySqrt(4))
fmt.Println(mySqrt(8))
fmt.Println(mySqrt(122))
}
代码3: 二分查找
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func mySqrt(x int) int {
left, right := 0, x
res := -1
for left <= right {
mid := left + (right-left)/2
guess := mid * mid
if guess <= x {
res = mid
left = mid + 1
} else {
right = mid - 1
}
}
return res
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(mySqrt(4))
fmt.Println(mySqrt(8))
fmt.Println(mySqrt(122))
}
输出:
2
2
11
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