1 tar
1.2 tar介绍
tar命令是linux系统中对文件和目录解压缩命令。tar命令可以用于对后缀名为.tar,tar.gz等常用文件。
1.3 tar参数
系统中通过tar --help查看：
Main operation mode:
-A, --catenate, --concatenate append tar files to an archive
-c, --create create a new archive
-d, --diff, --compare find differences between archive and file system
--delete delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)
-r, --append append files to the end of an archive
-t, --list list the contents of an archive
--test-label test the archive volume label and exit
-u, --update only append files newer than copy in archive
-x, --extract, --get extract files from an archive
Operation modifiers:
--check-device check device numbers when creating incremental
archives (default)
-g, --listed-incremental=FILE handle new GNU-format incremental backup
-G, --incremental handle old GNU-format incremental backup
--ignore-failed-read do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files
--level=NUMBER dump level for created listed-incremental archive
-n, --seek archive is seekable
--no-check-device do not check device numbers when creating
incremental archives
--no-seek archive is not seekable
--occurrence[=NUMBER] process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file
in the archive; this option is valid only in
conjunction with one of the subcommands --delete,
--diff, --extract or --list and when a list of
files is given either on the command line or via
the -T option; NUMBER defaults to 1
--sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR]
set version of the sparse format to use (implies
--sparse)
-S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently
Overwrite control:
-k, --keep-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting,
treat them as errors
--keep-newer-files don't replace existing files that are newer than
their archive copies
--no-overwrite-dir preserve metadata of existing directories
--overwrite overwrite existing files when extracting
--overwrite-dir overwrite metadata of existing directories when
extracting (default)
--recursive-unlink empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory
--remove-files remove files after adding them to the archive
--skip-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting,
silently skip over them
-U, --unlink-first remove each file prior to extracting over it
-W, --verify attempt to verify the archive after writing it
Select output stream:
--ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children
--no-ignore-command-error treat non-zero exit codes of children as
error
-O, --to-stdout extract files to standard output
--to-command=COMMAND pipe extracted files to another program
Handling of file attributes:
--atime-preserve[=METHOD] preserve access times on dumped files, either
by restoring the times after reading
(METHOD='replace'; default) or by not setting the
times in the first place (METHOD='system')
--delay-directory-restore delay setting modification times and
permissions of extracted directories until the end
of extraction
--group=NAME force NAME as group for added files
--mode=CHANGES force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files
--mtime=DATE-OR-FILE set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE
-m, --touch don't extract file modified time
--no-delay-directory-restore
cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore
option
--no-same-owner extract files as yourself (default for ordinary
users)
--no-same-permissions apply the user's umask when extracting permissions
from the archive (default for ordinary users)
--numeric-owner always use numbers for user/group names
--owner=NAME force NAME as owner for added files
-p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions
extract information about file permissions
(default for superuser)
--preserve same as both -p and -s
--same-owner try extracting files with the same ownership as
exists in the archive (default for superuser)
-s, --preserve-order, --same-order
sort names to extract to match archive
Handling of extended file attributes:
--acls Enable the POSIX ACLs support
--no-acls Disable the POSIX ACLs support
--no-selinux Disable the SELinux context support
--no-xattrs Disable extended attributes support
--selinux Enable the SELinux context support
--xattrs Enable extended attributes support
--xattrs-exclude=MASK specify the exclude pattern for xattr keys
--xattrs-include=MASK specify the include pattern for xattr keys
Device selection and switching:
-f, --file=ARCHIVE use archive file or device ARCHIVE
--force-local archive file is local even if it has a colon
-F, --info-script=NAME, --new-volume-script=NAME
run script at end of each tape (implies -M)
-L, --tape-length=NUMBER change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes
-M, --multi-volume create/list/extract multi-volume archive
--rmt-command=COMMAND use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt
--rsh-command=COMMAND use remote COMMAND instead of rsh
--volno-file=FILE use/update the volume number in FILE
Device blocking:
-b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record
-B, --read-full-records reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)
-i, --ignore-zeros ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)
--record-size=NUMBER NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512
Archive format selection:
-H, --format=FORMAT create archive of the given format
FORMAT is one of the following:
gnu GNU tar 1.13.x format
oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12
pax POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format
posix same as pax
ustar POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format
v7 old V7 tar format
--old-archive, --portability
same as --format=v7
--pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...
control pax keywords
--posix same as --format=posix
-V, --label=TEXT create archive with volume name TEXT; at
list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern
for volume name
Compression options:
-a, --auto-compress use archive suffix to determine the compression
program
-I, --use-compress-program=PROG
filter through PROG (must accept -d)
-j, --bzip2 filter the archive through bzip2
-J, --xz filter the archive through xz
--lzip filter the archive through lzip
--lzma filter the archive through lzma
--lzop
--no-auto-compress do not use archive suffix to determine the
compression program
-z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip filter the archive through gzip
-Z, --compress, --uncompress filter the archive through compress
Local file selection:
--add-file=FILE add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name
starts with a dash)
--backup[=CONTROL] backup before removal, choose version CONTROL
-C, --directory=DIR change to directory DIR
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files, given as a PATTERN
--exclude-backups exclude backup and lock files
--exclude-caches exclude contents of directories containing
CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself
--exclude-caches-all exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG
--exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing
CACHEDIR.TAG
--exclude-tag=FILE exclude contents of directories containing FILE,
except for FILE itself
--exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE
--exclude-tag-under=FILE exclude everything under directories
containing FILE
--exclude-vcs exclude version control system directories
-h, --dereference follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they
point to
--hard-dereference follow hard links; archive and dump the files they
refer to
-K, --starting-file=MEMBER-NAME
begin at member MEMBER-NAME in the archive
--newer-mtime=DATE compare date and time when data changed only
--no-null disable the effect of the previous --null option
--no-recursion avoid descending automatically in directories
--no-unquote do not unquote filenames read with -T
--null -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C
-N, --newer=DATE-OR-FILE, --after-date=DATE-OR-FILE
only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE
--one-file-system stay in local file system when creating archive
-P, --absolute-names don't strip leading `/'s from file names
--recursion recurse into directories (default)
--suffix=STRING backup before removal, override usual suffix ('~'
unless overridden by environment variable
SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX)
-T, --files-from=FILE get names to extract or create from FILE
--unquote unquote filenames read with -T (default)
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude patterns listed in FILE
File name transformations:
--strip-components=NUMBER strip NUMBER leading components from file
names on extraction
--transform=EXPRESSION, --xform=EXPRESSION
use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file
names
File name matching options (affect both exclude and include patterns):
--anchored patterns match file name start
--ignore-case ignore case
--no-anchored patterns match after any `/' (default for
exclusion)
--no-ignore-case case sensitive matching (default)
--no-wildcards verbatim string matching
--no-wildcards-match-slash wildcards do not match `/'
--wildcards use wildcards (default)
--wildcards-match-slash wildcards match `/' (default for exclusion)
Informative output:
--checkpoint[=NUMBER] display progress messages every NUMBERth record
(default 10)
--checkpoint-action=ACTION execute ACTION on each checkpoint
--full-time print file time to its full resolution
--index-file=FILE send verbose output to FILE
-l, --check-links print a message if not all links are dumped
--no-quote-chars=STRING disable quoting for characters from STRING
--quote-chars=STRING additionally quote characters from STRING
--quoting-style=STYLE set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE
values
-R, --block-number show block number within archive with each message
--show-defaults show tar defaults
--show-omitted-dirs when listing or extracting, list each directory
that does not match search criteria
--show-transformed-names, --show-stored-names
show file or archive names after transformation
--totals[=SIGNAL] print total bytes after processing the archive;
with an argument - print total bytes when this
SIGNAL is delivered; Allowed signals are: SIGHUP,
SIGQUIT, SIGINT, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2; the names
without SIG prefix are also accepted
--utc print file modification times in UTC
-v, --verbose verbosely list files processed
--warning=KEYWORD warning control
-w, --interactive, --confirmation
ask for confirmation for every action
Compatibility options:
-o when creating, same as --old-archive; when
extracting, same as --no-same-owner
Other options:
-?, --help give this help list
--restrict disable use of some potentially harmful options
--usage give a short usage message
--version print program version
挑选常用的参数说明：
- -c：创建新的压缩文件
- -x ：从压缩的文件中解压文件
- -v ：显示解压缩操作的过程
- -f ：指定压缩文件
- -z ：支持gzip解压文件
- -C ：切换到指定目录
- -r：添加文件至已压缩文件
- -u： 添加改变了和现有的文件到已经存在的压缩文件
- -t ：显示压缩文件的内容目录结构等
- -j ：支持bzip2解压文件
- -k ：解压时不覆盖当前目录下原有文件
- --delete：删除压缩包内的文件
1.4 tar压缩
1.4.1 压缩tar包
使用-c参数
多个文件压缩：
tar -cvf t.tar t1.txt t2.txt
目录压缩：
tar -cvf dir.tar dir1/
匹配压缩：
tar -cvf t.tar *.txt
1.4.2 压缩tar.gz包
使用-z参数
压缩为gizp
tar -zcvf t.tar.gz t1.txt t2.txt
1.4.3 压缩gar.bz2包
使用-j参数
压缩为bzip2
tar -jcvf t.tar.bz2 t1.txt t2.txt
1.4.4 查看压缩包内容
使用-t参数
tar -tvf t.tar
1.4.5 向压缩包添加/更新文件
使用-r参数
tar -rf t.tar newfile
1.4.6 删除压缩包内的文件
如t.tar内包含了t1.txt和其他文件，需删除t1.txt文件，使用--delete参数，需要注意删除文件的目录是全路径。
tar -f t.tar --delete /t/t1.txt
1.4.7 压缩时删除源文件
慎用，如果删除源文件较多时，可以使用这个命令。
tar -zcvf t.tar.gz t1.txt --remove-files
1.5 tar解压
1.5.1 直接解压到当前目录
使用-x参数
tar -xvf t.tar
1.5.2 解压到指定目录
使用-C参数
tar -xvf t.tar -C dir
1.5.3 解压包中的某些文件
tar -xvf t.tar t/t1.txt -C dir1
如上，将t.tar压缩包中的t1.txt解压至dir1目录。
1.5.4 解压不覆盖原有文件
使用-k参数
tar -xvkf t.tar
1.5.5 去除目录结构
使用--strip-components，如去掉一层目录
tar -xvf t.tar.gz --strip-components=1
2 zip/unzip
2.1 zip/unzip介绍
zip和unzip命令主要用于处理zip包，但是我们也可以用unzip去解压jar包。
2.2 zip/unzip参数
zip参数
zip [-options] [-b path] [-t mmddyyyy] [-n suffixes] [zipfile list] [-xi list]
The default action is to add or replace zipfile entries from list, which
can include the special name - to compress standard input.
If zipfile and list are omitted, zip compresses stdin to stdout.
-f freshen: only changed files -u update: only changed or new files
-d delete entries in zipfile -m move into zipfile (delete OS files)
-r recurse into directories -j junk (don't record) directory names
-0 store only -l convert LF to CR LF (-ll CR LF to LF)
-1 compress faster -9 compress better
-q quiet operation -v verbose operation/print version info
-c add one-line comments -z add zipfile comment
-@ read names from stdin -o make zipfile as old as latest entry
-x exclude the following names -i include only the following names
-F fix zipfile (-FF try harder) -D do not add directory entries
-A adjust self-extracting exe -J junk zipfile prefix (unzipsfx)
-T test zipfile integrity -X eXclude eXtra file attributes
-y store symbolic links as the link instead of the referenced file
-e encrypt -n don't compress these suffixes
-h2 show more help
常用：
- -f 与"-u"参数类似，更新/创建文件；
- -d 删除压缩文件内指定的文件；
- -r 递归处理指定目录及子目录；
- -j 只压缩该目录下的所有文件，不带目录名。
- -u 更换较新的文件到压缩文件内。
- -v 显示指令执行过程或显示版本信息。
- -y 直接保存符号连接，而非该连接所指向的文件，本参数仅在UNIX之类的系统下有效。
unzip参数
Usage: unzip [-Z] [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir]
Default action is to extract files in list, except those in xlist, to exdir;
file[.zip] may be a wildcard. -Z => ZipInfo mode ("unzip -Z" for usage).
-p extract files to pipe, no messages -l list files (short format)
-f freshen existing files, create none -t test compressed archive data
-u update files, create if necessary -z display archive comment only
-v list verbosely/show version info -T timestamp archive to latest
-x exclude files that follow (in xlist) -d extract files into exdir
modifiers:
-n never overwrite existing files -q quiet mode (-qq => quieter)
-o overwrite files WITHOUT prompting -a auto-convert any text files
-j junk paths (do not make directories) -aa treat ALL files as text
-U use escapes for all non-ASCII Unicode -UU ignore any Unicode fields
-C match filenames case-insensitively -L make (some) names lowercase
-X restore UID/GID info -V retain VMS version numbers
-K keep setuid/setgid/tacky permissions -M pipe through "more" pager
-O CHARSET specify a character encoding for DOS, Windows and OS/2 archives
-I CHARSET specify a character encoding for UNIX and other archives
See "unzip -hh" or unzip.txt for more help. Examples:
unzip data1 -x joe => extract all files except joe from zipfile data1.zip
unzip -p foo | more => send contents of foo.zip via pipe into program more
unzip -fo foo ReadMe => quietly replace existing ReadMe if archive file newer
常用参数说明：
- -l 显示压缩包内文件
- -j 只保存文件名称及其内容，而不存放任何目录名称。
- -o 以压缩文件内拥有最新更改时间的文件为准，将压缩文件的更改时间设成和该
- -v 显示指令执行过程或显示版本信息。
- -d 指定解压目录，目录不存在会创建
2.1 压缩 zip
2.1.1 压缩目录
使用-r参数
zip -r t.zip dir/
2.1.2 压缩目录下的文件，不带目录名
使用-j参数
zip -rj t.zip dir/
2.1.3 删除压缩包内的指定文件
使用-d参数，如删除t.zip中的t1.txt文件：
zip -d t.zip t1.txt
2.2 解压 unzip
2.2.1 查看解压包的文件信息
使用-l参数
unzip -l t.zip
2.2.2 查看解压包内的文件详细信息
使用-v参数
unzip -v t.zip
2.2.3 解压压缩包到当前目录
使用-o参数
unzip -o t.zip
2.2.4 解压压缩包到指定目录
使用-d参数
unzip -o t.zip -d test/
2.2.5 解压压缩包内的指定文件
unzip -o t.zip "t2.txt" -d t2_dir
2.2.6 解压jar包
unzip -o service-1.jar -d service_dir
示例
[test@linux01 t1]$ touch t2.txt
[test@linux01 t1]$ touch t3.txt
[test@linux01 t1]$ zip -r t.zip *.txt
adding: t2.txt (stored 0%)
adding: t3.txt (stored 0%)
[test@linux01 t1]$ ll
total 4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dsjtest dsjtest 0 Mar 19 12:15 t2.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dsjtest dsjtest 0 Mar 19 12:15 t3.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dsjtest dsjtest 302 Mar 19 12:15 t.zip
[test@linux01 t1]$
[test@linux01 t1]$
[test@linux01 t1]$ unzip -l t.zip
Archive: t.zip
Length Date Time Name
--------- ---------- ----- ----
0 03-19-2020 12:15 t2.txt
0 03-19-2020 12:15 t3.txt
--------- -------
0 2 files
[test@linux01 t1]$
[test@linux01 t1]$
[test@linux01 t1]$ unzip -v t.zip
Archive: t.zip
Length Method Size Cmpr Date Time CRC-32 Name
-------- ------ ------- ---- ---------- ----- -------- ----
0 Stored 0 0% 03-19-2020 12:15 00000000 t2.txt
0 Stored 0 0% 03-19-2020 12:15 00000000 t3.txt
-------- ------- --- -------
0 0 0% 2 files
[test@linux01 t1]$
[test@linux01 t1]$
[test@linux01 t1]$ unzip -o t.zip -d test
Archive: t.zip
extracting: test/t2.txt
extracting: test/t3.txt
[test@linux01 t1]$ ll
total 8
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dsjtest dsjtest 0 Mar 19 12:15 t2.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dsjtest dsjtest 0 Mar 19 12:15 t3.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 dsjtest dsjtest 4096 Mar 19 12:16 test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dsjtest dsjtest 302 Mar 19 12:15 t.zip
[test@linux01 t1]$
[test@linux01 t1]$
[test@linux01 t1]$ unzip -o t.zip "t2.txt" -d t2_dir
Archive: t.zip
extracting: t2_dir/t2.txt
[test@linux01 t1]$ ll
total 12
drwxrwxr-x 2 dsjtest dsjtest 4096 Mar 19 12:19 t2_dir
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dsjtest dsjtest 0 Mar 19 12:15 t2.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dsjtest dsjtest 0 Mar 19 12:15 t3.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 dsjtest dsjtest 4096 Mar 19 12:16 test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dsjtest dsjtest 302 Mar 19 12:15 t.zip
[test@linux01 t1]$