Python学习-学生信息管理系统
需求分析
系统设计
主函数设计
def menu():
print('=======================学生信息管理系统=======================')
print('-------------------------功能菜单----------------------------')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t5.排序')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t7.显示所有学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t0.退出')
print('------------------------------------------------------------')
def insert():
pass
def search():
pass
def delete():
pass
def modify():
pass
def sort():
pass
def total():
pass
def show():
pass
def main():
while True:
menu()
choice = int(input('请选择'))
if choice == 0: # 退出
answer = input('您确定要退出系统吗？y/n')
if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
print('谢谢您的使用')
break # 退出系统
else:
continue
elif choice == 1:
insert() # 录入学生信息
elif choice == 2:
search() # 查找学生信息
elif choice == 3:
delete() # 删除学生信息
elif choice == 4:
modify() # 修改学生信息
elif choice == 5:
sort() # 排序
elif choice == 6:
total() # 统计学生总人数
elif choice == 7:
show() # 显示所有学生信息
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
录入学生信息功能
def insert():
student_list = []
while True:
id = input('请输入ID（如1001）：')
if not id:
break
name = input('请输入姓名：')
if not name:
break
try:
english = input('请输入英语成绩：')
python = input('请输入Python成绩')
java = input('请输入Java成绩')
except:
print('输入无效，不是整数类型，请重新输入')
continue
# 将录入的学生信息保存到字典中
student = {'id': id, 'name': name, 'english': english, 'python': python, 'java': java}
# 将学生信息添加到列表中
student_list.append(student)
answer = input('是否继续添加？y/n\n')
if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
continue
else:
break
# 调用save（）函数
save(student_list)
print('学生信息录入完毕')
filename = 'students.txt'
def save(student_list):
try:
stu_txt = open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8')
except:
stu_txt = open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
for item in student_list:
stu_txt.write(str(item) + '\n')
stu_txt.close()
删除学生信息功能
import os
def delete():
while True:
student_id = input('请输入你要删除的学生ID')
if student_id != '':
if os.path.exists(filename): # 判断文件是否存在
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
else:
student_old = []
flag = False # 标记是否删除
if student_old:
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
d = {}
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item)) # 将字符串转成字典
if d['id'] != student_id:
wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
else:
flag = True
if flag:
print(f'id为{student_id}的学生信息已经删除')
else:
print(f'没有找到id为{student_id}的学生信息')
else:
print('无学生信息')
break
show() # 删除后重新显示所有学生信息
answer = input('是否继续删除？y/n\n')
if answer == 'y':
continue
else:
break
修改学生信息功能
def modify():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_old =rfile.readlines()
else:
return
student_id = input('请输入要修改的学生id：')
with open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item))
if d['id'] == student_id:
print('找到学生信息，可以修改相关信息了')
while True:
try:
d['name'] = input('请输入姓名：')
d['english'] = input('请输入english成绩：')
d['python'] = input('请输入python成绩：')
d['java'] = input('请输入java成绩：')
except:
print('您的输入有误，请重新输入!!!')
else:
break
wfile.write(str(d)+'\n')
print('修改成功！！！')
else:
wfile.write(str(d)+'\n')
answer = input('是否继续修改其他学生信息？y/n\n')
if answer == 'y':
modify()
运行结果：
查询学习信息功能
def search():
student_query = []
while True:
id = ''
name = ''
if os.path.exists(filename):
mode = input('按ID查找请输入1，按姓名查找请输入2：')
if mode == '1':
id = input('请输入学生ID：')
elif mode == '2':
name = input('请输入学生姓名：')
else:
print('您的输入有误，请重新输入')
search()
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student = rfile.readlines()
for item in student:
d = dict(eval(item))
if id != '':
if d['id'] == id:
student_query.append(d)
elif name != '':
if d['name'] == name:
student_query.append(d)
# 显示查询结果
show_student(student_query)
# 清空列表
student_query.clear()
answer = input('是否要继续查询？y/n\n')
if answer == 'y':
continue
else:
return
else:
print('暂未保存学生信息')
return
def show_student(lst):
if len(lst) == 0:
print('没有查询到学生信息，无数据显示！！！')
return
# 定义标题的显示格式
format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
print(format_title.format('ID', '姓名', '英语成绩', 'Python成绩', 'java成绩', '总成绩'))
# 定义内容的显示格式
format_date = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^8}\t{:^8}\t{:^8}'
for item in lst:
print(format_date.format(item.get('id'),
item.get('name'),
item.get('english'),
item.get('python'),
item.get('java'),
int(item.get('english')) + int(item.get('python')) + int(item.get('java'))))
运行演示：
统计学生总人数功能
def total():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students = rfile.readlines()
if students:
print(f'一共有{len(students)}名学生')
else:
print('还没有录入学生信息')
else:
print('暂未保持数据信息！！！')运行效果：
显示所有学生信息功能
def show():
student_lst = []
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students = rfile.readlines()
for item in students:
student_lst.append(eval(item))
if student_lst:
show_student(student_lst)
else:
print('暂未保持数据！！！')
运行效果：
排序模块设计
def sort():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_lst = rfile.readlines()
student_new=[]
for item in student_lst:
d = dict(eval(item))
student_new.append(d)
else:
return
asc_or_desc = input('请选择 0.表示升序 1.表示降序：')
if asc_or_desc == '0':
asc_or_desc_bool = False
elif asc_or_desc == '1':
asc_or_desc_bool = True
else:
print('您的输入有误，请重新输入')
sort()
mode = input('请选择排序方式：1.按英语成绩排序、2.按Python成绩排序、3.按Java成绩排序、0.按总成绩排序：')
if mode == '1':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['english']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '2':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['python']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '3':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['java']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '0':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['english'])+int(x['python'])+int(x['java']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
else:
print('您的输入有误请重新输入！！！')
sort()
show_student(student_new)
运行演示：
项目打包
保存在这个目录下
全部代码
def menu():
print('=======================学生信息管理系统=======================')
print('-------------------------功能菜单----------------------------')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t5.排序')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t7.显示所有学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t0.退出')
print('------------------------------------------------------------')
def insert():
student_list = []
while True:
id = input('请输入ID（如1001）：')
if not id:
break
name = input('请输入姓名：')
if not name:
break
try:
english = input('请输入英语成绩：')
python = input('请输入Python成绩')
java = input('请输入Java成绩')
except:
print('输入无效，不是整数类型，请重新输入')
continue
# 将录入的学生信息保存到字典中
student = {'id': id, 'name': name, 'english': english, 'python': python, 'java': java}
# 将学生信息添加到列表中
student_list.append(student)
answer = input('是否继续添加？y/n\n')
if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
continue
else:
break
# 调用save（）函数
save(student_list)
print('学生信息录入完毕')
filename = 'students.txt'
def save(student_list):
try:
stu_txt = open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8')
except:
stu_txt = open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
for item in student_list:
stu_txt.write(str(item) + '\n')
stu_txt.close()
def search():
student_query = []
while True:
id = ''
name = ''
if os.path.exists(filename):
mode = input('按ID查找请输入1，按姓名查找请输入2：')
if mode == '1':
id = input('请输入学生ID：')
elif mode == '2':
name = input('请输入学生姓名：')
else:
print('您的输入有误，请重新输入')
search()
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student = rfile.readlines()
for item in student:
d = dict(eval(item))
if id != '':
if d['id'] == id:
student_query.append(d)
elif name != '':
if d['name'] == name:
student_query.append(d)
# 显示查询结果
show_student(student_query)
# 清空列表
student_query.clear()
answer = input('是否要继续查询？y/n\n')
if answer == 'y':
continue
else:
return
else:
print('暂未保存学生信息')
return
def show_student(lst):
if len(lst) == 0:
print('没有查询到学生信息，无数据显示！！！')
return
# 定义标题的显示格式
format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
print(format_title.format('ID', '姓名', '英语成绩', 'Python成绩', 'java成绩', '总成绩'))
# 定义内容的显示格式
format_date = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^8}\t{:^8}\t{:^8}'
for item in lst:
print(format_date.format(item.get('id'),
item.get('name'),
item.get('english'),
item.get('python'),
item.get('java'),
int(item.get('english')) + int(item.get('python')) + int(item.get('java'))))
import os
def delete():
while True:
student_id = input('请输入你要删除的学生ID')
if student_id != '':
if os.path.exists(filename): # 判断文件是否存在
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
else:
student_old = []
flag = False # 标记是否删除
if student_old:
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
d = {}
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item)) # 将字符串转成字典
if d['id'] != student_id:
wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
else:
flag = True
if flag:
print(f'id为{student_id}的学生信息已经删除')
else:
print(f'没有找到id为{student_id}的学生信息')
else:
print('无学生信息')
break
show() # 删除后重新显示所有学生信息
answer = input('是否继续删除？y/n\n')
if answer == 'y':
continue
else:
break
def modify():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_old = rfile.readlines()
else:
return
student_id = input('请输入要修改的学生id：')
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item))
if d['id'] == student_id:
print('找到学生信息，可以修改相关信息了')
while True:
try:
d['name'] = input('请输入姓名：')
d['english'] = input('请输入english成绩：')
d['python'] = input('请输入python成绩：')
d['java'] = input('请输入java成绩：')
except:
print('您的输入有误，请重新输入!!!')
else:
break
wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
print('修改成功！！！')
else:
wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
answer = input('是否继续修改其他学生信息？y/n\n')
if answer == 'y':
modify()
def sort():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_lst = rfile.readlines()
student_new=[]
for item in student_lst:
d = dict(eval(item))
student_new.append(d)
else:
return
asc_or_desc = input('请选择 0.表示升序 1.表示降序：')
if asc_or_desc == '0':
asc_or_desc_bool = False
elif asc_or_desc == '1':
asc_or_desc_bool = True
else:
print('您的输入有误，请重新输入')
sort()
mode = input('请选择排序方式：1.按英语成绩排序、2.按Python成绩排序、3.按Java成绩排序、0.按总成绩排序：')
if mode == '1':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['english']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '2':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['python']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '3':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['java']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '0':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['english'])+int(x['python'])+int(x['java']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
else:
print('您的输入有误请重新输入！！！')
sort()
show_student(student_new)
def total():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students = rfile.readlines()
if students:
print(f'一共有{len(students)}名学生')
else:
print('还没有录入学生信息')
else:
print('暂未保持数据信息！！！')
def show():
student_lst = []
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students = rfile.readlines()
for item in students:
student_lst.append(eval(item))
if student_lst:
show_student(student_lst)
else:
print('暂未保持数据！！！')
def main():
while True:
menu()
choice = int(input('请选择'))
if choice == 0: # 退出
answer = input('您确定要退出系统吗？y/n')
if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
print('谢谢您的使用')
break # 退出系统
else:
continue
elif choice == 1:
insert() # 录入学生信息
elif choice == 2:
search() # 查找学生信息
elif choice == 3:
delete() # 删除学生信息
elif choice == 4:
modify() # 修改学生信息
elif choice == 5:
sort() # 排序
elif choice == 6:
total() # 统计学生总人数
elif choice == 7:
show() # 显示所有学生信息
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()