anaconda 的虚拟环境使用

一、环境配置

1.0 安装

1、官网:https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual#linux

2、国内镜像:https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/archive/

下载,https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86_64.sh

如果为debain或Ubuntu,则apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx libegl1-mesa libxrandr2 libxrandr2 libxss1 libxcursor1 libxcomposite1 libasound2 libxi6 libxtst6,安装依赖包。

如果为redhat或centos,则执行yum install libXcomposite libXcursor libXi libXtst libXrandr alsa-lib mesa-libEGL libXdamage mesa-libGL libXScrnSaver,安装依赖包。

安装:

bash Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86_64.sh 

由于使用非root用户,则安装在家目录下PREFIX=/home/thirsd/anaconda3

1.1 设置环境变量

假设anaconda部署在D:\Programs\Anaconda3,在环境变量中配置:

D:\Programs\Anaconda3;D:\Programs\Anaconda3\Scripts;D:\Programs\Anaconda3\Library\bin

输入 conda -V 检验是否安装以及当前conda的版本
查看anaconda的配置信息

conda config --show-sources

可以查看到.condarc的配置信息内容

1.2 验证环境变量

1)conda list 查看安装了哪些包

2)conda env list 或 conda info -e 查看当前存在哪些虚拟环境

3)conda update conda 检查更新当前conda

1.3 安装第三方库

1.3.1 直接安装

1、查询是否存在第三方包

anaconda search -t conda jieba`

d:\Programs\Anaconda5.3.1\Scripts>anaconda search -t conda jieba
Using Anaconda API: https://api.anaconda.org
Packages:
     Name                      |  Version | Package Types   | Platforms       | Builds
     ------------------------- |   ------ | --------------- | --------------- | ----------
     auto/jieba                |     0.32 | conda           | linux-64, linux-32 | py27_0
                                          : http://github.com/fxsjy
     conda-forge/jieba         |     0.39 | conda           | linux-64, win-32, osx-64, noarch, win-64 | py_1, py36_0, p
yh9f0ad1d_1, py35_0, py27_0
                                          : Chinese Words Segementation Utilities
     conda-forge/jieba3k       |   0.35.1 | conda           | linux-64, win-32, osx-64, win-64, noarch | py36_1001, py36
h9f0ad1d_1002, py37_1001, py38h32f6830_1002, py36_1, py37hc8dfbb8_1002, py36hc560c46_1002, py_0, py35_1001, py38_1001, p
y35_1
                                          : Chinese Words Segementation Utilities
     creditx/jieba             |     0.38 | conda           | linux-64        | py35_0, py27_0
     hargup/jieba              |          | conda           | linux-64        | py27_0
                                          : Chinese Words Segementation Utilities
     iilab/jieba               |   0.36.2 | conda           | linux-64, osx-64 | py34_0
                                          : Chinese Words Segementation Utilities

2、获取安装命令

anaconda show conda-forge/jieba

    d:\Programs\Anaconda5.3.1\Scripts>anaconda show conda-forge/jieba
    Using Anaconda API: https://api.anaconda.org
    Name:    jieba
    Summary: Chinese Words Segementation Utilities
    Access:  public
    Package Types:  conda
    Versions:
       + 0.38
       + 0.39

    To install this package with conda run:
         conda install --channel https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge jieba

根据安装jieba,执行最后一行的信息即可安装输入

3、执行安装

d:\Programs\Anaconda5.3.1\Scripts>conda install --channel https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge jieba
    Solving environment: done

1.3.2 使用源码安装

1、打开anaconda promote的窗口

2、切换至源码目录,并执行python setup.py install

二、虚拟环境创建

2.1 查看当前的虚拟环境

2.1.1 查看虚拟环境列表

conda env list ,输出:

(django_restful) C:\Users\thirsd>conda env list

conda environments:

base D:\Programs\Anaconda3
django_restful * D:\Programs\Anaconda3\envs\django_restful

2.1.2 设置国内源

命令:
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
信息配置在~/.condarc中,如:
thirsd@thirsd-16:~$ cat .condarc 
channels:
  - defaults
show_channel_urls: true
channel_alias: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda
default_channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
  conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud

运行 conda clean -i 清除索引缓存,保证用的是镜像站提供的索引

2.2 创建虚拟环境

创建虚拟环境:

conda create -n django_restful python=3.7

创建名字为django_restful的虚拟环境,指定的python版本为3.7

此时虚拟环境安装在:

anaconda的部署目录下的envs目录下,例如, /home/thirsd/anaconda3/envs/django_restful/

2.3 配置虚拟环境

2.3.1切换为虚拟环境

切换虚拟环境为django_restful
conda activate django_restful
此时命令提示符包含虚拟环境,如下所示:
(django_restful) thirsd@thirsd-16:~$ 

2.3.2 搜索需要安装的包

conda search django*
例如:
(django_restful) thirsd@thirsd-16:~$ conda search django*
Loading channels: done
# Name                       Version           Build  Channel             
django                         1.6.5          py26_0  anaconda/pkgs/free  
django                         1.6.5          py27_0  anaconda/pkgs/free  
django                         1.6.5          py33_0  anaconda/pkgs/free  
django                         1.6.5          py34_0  anaconda/pkgs/free  
django                         1.6.6          py26_0  anaconda/pkgs/free  

2.3.4 在虚拟环境中,安装指定包

在django_restful的虚拟环境中,安装djangorestframework
conda install djangorestframework -n django_restful
conda install markdown  -n django_restful     # Markdown support for the browsable API.
conda install django-filter -n django_restful  # Filtering support
conda install pygments  -n django_restful # We'll be using this for the code highlighting

2.3.5 查看虚拟环境中的安装包情况

查看虚拟环境django_restful中的安装包情况
(django_restful) thirsd@thirsd-16:~$ conda list -n django_restful

2.3.6 更新虚拟环境中的安装包

更新命令为:`conda update $package_name -n $ $your_env_name`
conda update markdown -n django_restful

2.3.6 删除虚拟机环境中的安装包

删除命令格式为:`conda remove --name $your_env_name  $package_name`

将markdown的包,从虚拟环境django_restful中删除
conda remove markdown -n django_restful

2.4 退出虚拟环境

从虚拟环境django_restful中,退出,执行`conda deactivate`
(django_restful) thirsd@thirsd-16:~$ conda deactivate
(base) thirsd@thirsd-16:~$ 

2.5 虚拟环境迁移

2.5.1导出虚拟环境

分享代码的时候,同时也需要将运行环境分享给大家
conda django_restful export > env.yaml

2.5.2 恢复虚拟环境

用对方分享的YAML文件来创建一模一样的运行环境
conda django_restful create -f env.yaml

2.6 删除虚拟环境

conda remove -n your_env_name(虚拟环境名称) --all

三、Djangorestfulframwork项目配置

3.1 手工配置

cd projects/ #进入项目保存的位置
django-admin startproject restful_demo  #创建项目
python manage.py startapp app   #创建web服务
目录结果如下:

(django_restful) thirsd@thirsd-16:~/projects/restful_demo ll
total 20
drwxrwxr-x 3 thirsd thirsd 4096 May 9 02:03 app/
-rwxrwxr-x 1 thirsd thirsd 632 May 9 02:02 manage.py*
drwxrwxr-x 3 thirsd thirsd 4096 May 9 02:02 restful_demo/

(django_restful) thirsd@thirsd-16:~/projects/restful_demo$ ll app/
total 32
-rw-rw-r-- 1 thirsd thirsd 63 May 9 02:03 admin.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 thirsd thirsd 81 May 9 02:03 apps.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 thirsd thirsd 0 May 9 02:03 init.py
drwxrwxr-x 2 thirsd thirsd 4096 May 9 02:03 migrations/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 thirsd thirsd 57 May 9 02:03 models.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 thirsd thirsd 60 May 9 02:03 tests.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 thirsd thirsd 63 May 9 02:03 views.py

将新建的app的web应用和rest_framework ,加入到配置~/projects/restful_demo/restful_demo/settings.py中:

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'rest_framework',
    'app.apps.appConfig',
]
app.apps.appConfig,实际为`${webname}.apps.${webname}Config`

实际存储情况为:
(django_restful) thirsd@thirsd-16:~/projects/restful_demo$ cat app/apps.py 
from django.apps import AppConfig


class AppConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'app'

3.2 通过pycharm来配置

为支持远程访问,在我们创建的项目里**修改setting.py文件**
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']  #在这里请求的host添加了*

你可能感兴趣的:(anaconda 的虚拟环境使用)