Django学习笔记：基于Django+sqlite简单实现学生信息管理系统（注册、登录、增删改查）

 

一、 功能

1. 实现对学生对个人信息的增删查改；
2. 实现后台对所有学生信息的操作；
3. 用户登录、注册。

二、内容及作用

学生信息管理系统 model： 学生基本信息表 学生登录信息表 学生专业成绩表

作用： 可用于初学者练习

三、开发工具

      Windows + Pycharm + sqlite + Django

四、github地址

   https://github.com/WenNicholas/StudentSystem

五、基本流程

 

六、代码实现

   1. model.py

    相关配置过程在此略过，文章底部有源码获取地址，可获取源码后再看。
    主要定义三个类，分别为课程表、学生信息表、登录信息表

from django.db import models
from datetime import datetime

# Create your models here.
# 课程表
class CourseModel(models.Model):
    stu_id = models.CharField(max_length=15, verbose_name='学生id')
    course = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='课程')
    grade = models.IntegerField(default=60, verbose_name='分数')
    class Meta():
        db_table = 'new_course'
    def __str__(self):
        return '学生Id：  课程：  分数： '.format(self.stu_id, self.course, self.grade)

# 学生信息表
class StudentInformationModel(models.Model):
    user_id = models.CharField(max_length=15, verbose_name='用户id')
    stu_id = models.CharField(max_length=15,verbose_name='学生id')
    stu_name = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='学生姓名')
    stu_phone = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='学生电话')
    stu_address = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='学生地址')
    stu_faculty = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='院系')
    stu_major = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='专业')
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建日期')
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='最后修改日期')
    time_test = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
    # 取消外键（外键是可用的）
    # stu_course = models.ForeignKey('CourseModel', on_delete=True)
    class Meta():
        db_table = 'new_studentinformation'

# 学生用户名密码表
class StudentModel(models.Model):
    user_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='用户名')
    password = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='密码')
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建日期')
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='最后修改日期')
    time_test = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
    class Meta():
        db_table = 'new_student'

2、views.py

各功能逻辑实现都在此处

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect, reverse
from .models import StudentModel, StudentInformationModel, CourseModel
from django.forms.models  import model_to_dict
# Create your views here.
import json
# 主界面
def index(request):
    context = {
        'status': '未登录状态'
    }
    return render(request, 'studentManage/index.html', context)

# 登录界面
def login(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get('username')
        password = request.POST.get('password')
        if not all([username, password]):
            context = {
                'status': '错误！用户名和密码不能为空！',
                'length': 0
            }
            return render(request, 'studentManage/login.html', context)
        else:
            student = StudentModel.objects.filter(username=username, password=password)
            if len(student):
                # 将用户的信息存放到session中，session在中间件中是默认启用的
                request.session['user'] = {
                    'user_id':student[0].user_id,
                    'username': username,
                    'password': password
                }
                context = {
                    'status': username,
                    'msg': '已登录',
                    'lenght': 1
                }
                return render(request, 'studentManage/index.html', context)

            else:
                context = {
                    'status': '用户名密码错误！请重新输入！如未注册，请先注册！'
                }
                return render(request, 'studentManage/login.html', context)
    else:
        context = {
            'status': '请输入用户名和密码',
            'length': 0
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/login.html', context)
#注册界面
def regist(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
        verif_password = request.POST.get("verif_password")
        student = StudentModel.objects.filter(username=username)
        # 注册验证错误信息汇总
        error_message = ""
        if not all([username,password,verif_password]):
            error_message+="注册信息不能为空;\n"
        if student:
            error_message+="该用户名已存在;\n"
        if password!=verif_password:
            error_message+="两次密码输入不一致;\n"
        # 如果存在注册信息则重定向到注册页面
        if error_message:
            context = {
                "error": error_message
            }
            return render(request, 'studentManage/regist.html', context)

        # 注册信息有效，注册成功
        stu_data = StudentModel()
        stu_data.username = username
        stu_data.password = password
        stu_data.save()
        context = {
            'status': '注册成功，请输入用户名密码登录！',
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/login.html', context)

    else:
        return render(request, 'studentManage/regist.html')


# 退出界面
def logout(request):
    # 注销掉用户，从删除session中保存的信息
    del request.session['user']
    return render(request, 'studentManage/index.html')


# 增加数据 增加只能root用户或者管理员才能操作
def add(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        root_information = request.session['user']
        user_id = root_information['user_id']
        root_id = StudentModel.objects.get(pk=user_id).user_id
        if user_id == root_id:
            stu_id = request.POST.get('stu_id')
            stu_name = request.POST.get('stu_name')
            if not all([stu_id, stu_name]):
                context = {
                    'msg': '学号和名字有遗漏',
                }
                return render(request, 'studentManage/add.html', context)
            stu_data = StudentInformationModel()
            stu_data.user_id = root_id
            stu_data.stu_id = stu_id
            stu_data.stu_name = stu_name
            stu_data.stu_phone = request.POST.get('stu_phone')
            stu_data.stu_address = request.POST.get('stu_address')
            stu_data.stu_faculty = request.POST.get('stu_faculty')
            stu_data.stu_major = request.POST.get('stu_major')
            stu_data.save()
            context = {
                'success': '增加成功',
            }
            return render(request, 'studentManage/add.html', context)
        else:
            context = {
                'error': '只用root用户和管理员才能操作'
            }
            return render(request, 'studentManage/add.html', context)
    else:
        return render(request, 'studentManage/add.html')


# 查询
def select(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        stu_id = request.POST.get('stu_id')
        # if id=='':
        #     id=request.session['user']['id']
        try:
            stu_data = StudentInformationModel.objects.get(stu_id=stu_id)
            # print(stu_data.stu_id, stu_data.stu_name, stu_data.stu_phone, stu_data.stu_address, stu_data.stu_faculty,
            #       stu_data.stu_major)
        except:
            context = {
                'error': "not found studnet id: "+str(stu_id),
            }
            return render(request, 'studentManage/select.html', context)

        stu_course = CourseModel.objects.filter(stu_id=stu_id)
        dct = {}
        for stu in stu_course:
            dct[stu.course] = stu.grade
        context = {
            'stu_id': stu_data.stu_id,
            'stu_name': stu_data.stu_name,
            'stu_phone': stu_data.stu_phone,
            'stu_address': stu_data.stu_address,
            'stu_faculty':  stu_data.stu_faculty,
            'stu_major':  stu_data.stu_major,
            'course_data': dct,
            'msg': True
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/select.html', context)
    else:
        root_information = request.session['user']
        user_id = root_information['user_id']
        stu_data = StudentInformationModel.objects.filter(user_id=user_id).first()
        context = {
            'msg': False,
            'stu_id': stu_data.stu_id
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/select.html', context)


# 删除
def delete(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        try:
            id = int(request.POST.get('stu_id'))
            # StudentInformationModel.objects.filter(stu_id=id).delete()
            stu_data = StudentInformationModel.objects.filter(stu_id=id)
            if len(stu_data):
                stu_data.delete()
                context = {
                    'msg': '成功删除'
                }
                return render(request, 'studentManage/delete.html', context)
            else:
                context = {
                    'msg': '学生学号输入错误，请确认后重新输入!'
                }
                return render(request, 'studentManage/delete.html', context)
        except:
            context = {
                'msg': '学生学号输入错误，请确认后重新输入!'
            }
            return render(request, 'studentManage/delete.html', context)
    else:
        root_information = request.session['user']
        user_id = root_information['user_id']
        stu_data = StudentInformationModel.objects.filter(user_id=user_id).first()
        context = {
            'stu_id': stu_data.stu_id
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/delete.html', context)


# 修改
def update(request):
    user_information = request.session['user']
    user_id = user_information['user_id']
    stu_data = StudentInformationModel.objects.filter(user_id=user_id).first()
    context = {
            'stu_id': stu_data.stu_id,
            'stu_name': stu_data.stu_name,
            'stu_phone': stu_data.stu_phone,
            'stu_address': stu_data.stu_address,
            'stu_faculty':  stu_data.stu_faculty,
            'stu_major':  stu_data.stu_major,
    }
    if request.method == "POST":
        stu_id = request.POST.get('stu_id')
        stu_name = request.POST.get('stu_name')
        stu_phone = request.POST.get('stu_phone')
        stu_address = request.POST.get('stu_address')
        stu_faculty = request.POST.get('stu_faculty')
        stu_major = request.POST.get('stu_major')
        # StudentInformationModel.objects.filter(stu_id=id).update(stu_id=stu_id, stu_name=stu_name, stu_phone=stu_phone, stu_address=stu_address, stu_faculty=stu_faculty, stu_major=stu_major)
        # 或者 以下这种，对单个数据进行修改
        stu_data = StudentInformationModel.objects.get(stu_id=stu_id)
        stu_data.stu_id = stu_id
        stu_data.stu_name = stu_name
        stu_data.stu_phone = stu_phone
        stu_data.stu_address = stu_address
        stu_data.stu_faculty = stu_faculty
        stu_data.stu_major = stu_major
        stu_data.save()
        context = {
            'stu_id': stu_id,
            'stu_name': stu_name,
            'stu_phone': stu_phone,
            'stu_address': stu_address,
            'stu_faculty': stu_faculty,
            'stu_major': stu_major,
            'msg': '修改成功'
        }
        return render(request, 'studentManage/update.html', context)
    else:
        return render(request, 'studentManage/update.html', context)

3、urls.py

from django.urls import path
from studentManagement import views
from django.conf.urls import url
app_name = 'studentManager'
urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index),
    path('index/', views.index, name='index'),
    path('login/', views.login, name='login'),
    path('regist/', views.regist, name='regist'),
    path('logout/', views.logout, name='logout'),
    path('add/', views.add, name='add'),
    path('select/', views.select, name='select'),
    path('delete/', views.delete, name='delete'),
    path('update/', views.update, name='update')
]

七、数据库

1、学生用户名密码表“new_student”  主要包括用户id、用户名、密码以及创建时间等

2、学生信息表“new_studentinformation”  主要包括用户id、学生id、姓名、电话、地址、院系、专业、创建时间以及修改时间等

3、课程成绩表“new_course”  主要包括 学生id、课程以及分数

八、templates静态文件以及目录结构

templates中放置html文件。这里仅仅展示一小部分代码

九、功能展示

首页：

登录页：

登录后：

添加：

删除：

修改：

查询：

十、后台管理

admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from studentManagement.models import StudentInformationModel, CourseModel, StudentModel
# Register your models here.

class StudentInformationLine(admin.TabularInline):
    model = CourseModel
    extra = 3


class StudentInformationAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 显示的字段，先后顺序表示显示顺序
    list_display = ['user_id', 'stu_id', 'stu_name', 'stu_phone', 'stu_address', 'stu_faculty', 'stu_major', 'create_time', 'update_time']
    # 以哪个来过滤
    list_filter = ['stu_id', 'stu_name']
    # 以哪个字段来搜索，admin中就会出现一个搜索栏
    search_fields = ['stu_name', 'stu_address', 'stu_faculty', 'stu_major']
    list_per_page = 5


class CourseAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['stu_id', 'course', 'grade']
    # inlines = [StudentInformationLine, ]  # 谁的外键就写在哪边


class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['user_id', 'username', 'password', 'create_time', 'update_time']
    search_fields = ['user_id', 'username']
    actions_on_top = False
    actions_on_bottom = True

admin.site.register(StudentInformationModel, StudentInformationAdmin)
admin.site.register(CourseModel, CourseAdmin)
admin.site.register(StudentModel, StudentAdmin)

 

github链接：https://github.com/WenNicholas/StudentSystem

参考链接：

https://github.com/Gscsd8527/StudentSystem

https://github.com/Yourdaylight/Django-Projects/tree/master/StudentSystem-master

https://blog.csdn.net/Demonslzh/article/details/107858450