HTTP补充
URL 统一资源定位符 网址
URI 统一资源标识符 范围更广|------------URL------------------|
www.oldboyedu.com/images/lidao.jpg
|-------URI------|
Http状态码301和302概念简单区别及企业应用案例
https://blog.51cto.com/oldboy/1774260生产环境常见HTTP状态码的博客文章见
http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com/2561410/716294。
SEM 百度竞价
SEO 搜索引擎优化
- 伪装成静态页面：伪静态
Nginx ( engine x ）基础
功能
- 1.web服务器 （http请求 http响应）
- 2.nginx负载均衡
- 3.nginx缓存
nginx apache
tengine (淘宝基于nginx2次开发） web服务器
nginx apache主要区别：
nginx 异步模型 epoll
apache 同步模型 select
nginx安装方式：
- 1.安装Nginx软件所需依赖包
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf pcre pcre-devel make automake wget httpd-tools vim tree
- 2.配置nginx官方 yum源
[root@web ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
- 3.安装nginx
[root@web01 ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
nginx | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
nginx/x86_64/primary_db | 46 kB 00:00:01
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,019
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,221
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 409
nginx/x86_64 nginx repo 152
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 1,982
repolist: 25,783
[root@web01 ~]# yum list nginx
[root@web01 ~]# yum list nginx
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Packages
nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.0-1.el7.ngx ngin
- 4.检查及有关文件简介
[root@web01 ~]# rpm -qa nginx
nginx-1.16.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64
[root@web01 ~]# rpm -ql nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx #nginx日志切割的配置文件
/etc/nginx
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf #nginx主配置文件
/etc/nginx/conf.d
/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf #nginx.conf一样
/etc/nginx/mime.types #媒体类型 （http协议中的文件类型）
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/koi-utf
/etc/nginx/koi-win
/etc/nginx/modules
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
/etc/nginx/win-utf
/etc/sysconfig/nginx #systemctl 管理 nginx的使用的文件
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service #systemctl 管理nginx（开 关 重启 reload） 配置文件
/usr/sbin/nginx #nginx命令
/usr/sbin/nginx-debug
/usr/share/nginx/html #站点目录 网站的根目录 www.oldboyedu.com/oldboy.jpg
/usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html
/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
/var/cache/nginx
/var/log/nginx #nginx日志 access.log 访问日志
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.16.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'
- 5.启动
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@web01 ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root 8398 1 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx 8399 8398 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 8425 7482 0 10:51 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
systemctl start nginx ===== nginx
systemctl reload nginx ===== nginx -s reload
systemctl stop nginx ===== nginx -s stop
- 6.nginx -t #检查语法
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@web01 ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root 8512 1 0 11:15 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx 8513 8512 0 11:15 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 8516 7482 0 11:15 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@web01 ~]# ss -lntup |grep nginx
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users:(("nginx",pid=8399,fd=6),("nginx",pid=8398,fd=6))
[root@web01 ~]# nginx
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
- 7.配置文件
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
测试
www.oldboy.com
显示
www.oldboy.com
- 配置www.oldboy.com 的hosts解析
[root@web01 /etc/nginx]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.1.5 lb01
172.16.1.6 lb02
172.16.1.7 web01 www.oldboy.com #配置www.oldboy.com 的hosts解析
172.16.1.8 web02
172.16.1.31 nfs01
172.16.1.41 backup
172.16.1.51 db01 db01.etiantian.org
172.16.1.61 m01
- 检查解析是否成功
[root@web01 /etc/nginx]# ping www.oldboy.com
PING web01 (172.16.1.7) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from web01 (172.16.1.7): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.036 ms
64 bytes from web01 (172.16.1.7): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
^C
--- web01 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.036/0.045/0.055/0.011 ms
[root@web01 /etc/nginx]# echo www.oldboy.com >/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@web01 /etc/nginx]#
[root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl www.oldboy.com
www.oldboy.com
[root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl -v www.oldboy.com
* About to connect() to www.oldboy.com port 80 (#0)
* Trying 172.16.1.7...
* Connected to www.oldboy.com (172.16.1.7) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
> Host: www.oldboy.com
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: nginx/1.16.0
< Date: Tue, 04 Jun 2019 04:09:23 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html
< Content-Length: 15
< Last-Modified: Tue, 04 Jun 2019 04:09:09 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< ETag: "5cf5eee5-f"
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
<
www.oldboy.com
- Connection #0 to host www.oldboy.com left intact
到此为止Linux命令行测试ok
测试windows浏览器访问
- windows hosts解析（写法与linux一致） C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
浏览器访问即可
tcp三次握手
http
nginx 多个网站
nginx 访问日志格式
nginx location
curl
-v
-I
-L