一个词的前后,跟上了介词短语: ... + word + ...
表示:时间、地点、条件
常见操作:of 、for 、with、 as、 about
如何解:从句尾往句首,倒着解析句意
首先一点,有动词没有连接词
形式:doing / done / to do , 没有其他形式了!
作定语: 直接修饰前面的名词
作状语:直接修饰整个句子
分割准确,一定要找准修饰的对象
所谓“倒装”就是把一个句子正常的顺序颠倒。倒装可分成很多种,如主谓倒装、主表倒装、主宾倒装等。
在考研英语中,大家只需要掌握“主谓倒装”,主语和谓语动词顺序颠倒,即谓语动词被放到主语前。主谓倒装分为两种,全部倒装和部分倒装
。
例如:形容词、副词、介词短语位于句首时,句子可以全部倒装。
因为"There be句型"是一个倒装句。
例如:There is a girl.此句原本正常的语序是A girl is there 译成中文就是“一个女孩是在那里”,换句话来说就是“那儿有一个女孩”。
There be句型还可以把be变成不同的时态,来表示不同时间的“有”。be还可以结合情态,表示不同情态下的“有”或推测“可能有”。
there have been 、 There may be、There has been、There will
部分倒装是把谓语动词的一部分置于主语前。
它的结构非常简单,就是相当于变一般疑问句,只要大家把一个陈述句变为一般疑问句,那么这个一般疑问句的形式就是部分倒装。
有助动词、系动词、情态动词,就把它提前,但是主谓是正常顺序
only位于句首时,句子要部分倒装(only后可以是词、词组或句子)
虚拟条件句省略if,从句要部分倒装,主句不变。
把一个普通的句子拆分成两部分,把“想强调的部分”放到“it is… that”中间,把句子余下的部分放到that后, 就变成了强调句。
想强调时间only in recent years (只有在最近几年),而不是其他时间,所以把强调的部
分放入"it is… that…”,句子余下的部分放到that后,变为强调句。
强调从句
It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of themedical literature frequently was.
在考研真题中经常会岀现“it is… that…”结构,但并不一定是强调句,也有可能是主语从句(后置)。
两个方法:
一是根据强调句的构成原理,如果去掉“it is… that…”,余下部分可还原成一个完整的
句子,即为强调句;反之余下的部分不能还原成完整的句子则不是强调句,为主语从句
(后置)。
二是如果发现“it is… that…”中间是形容词或动词,则该句为主语从句,因为强调句不能
强调形容词或动词。
解释:
表达虚拟:“虚拟”就是谓语动词的一种特殊变化,通过把谓语动词“变态”(改变时态),即可表达虚拟。
if虚拟条件句
和名词性从句的虚拟
。if条件状语从句分为两种:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。
从句往前推,主句四加一,将来同现在。
不管是哪种名词性从句,只要是对应的主句中有表示“建议、命令、要求”的词(无论词性是什么),名词性从句都需要虚拟。
European ministers instantly demanded
that the International Accounting Standards
Board (IASB) do
likewise
This year, it was proposed
that the system (should)be changed..
Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels
of productivity were related to changes in lighting.
分析:
1) Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence that... was found
2)后移的 that 同位语从句:(evidence) that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting (was found).
Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court toensure guilty verdicts.
Concerns [that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure |
[guilty verdicts] were raised.
that同位语从句解释说明名词Concerns,本来应该跟在其后,但由于从句过长,主句过短, 所以从句后置造成分裂结构
What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would mimic |
| the way humans think」continues to elude scientists.
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that 匸 unlike the rises in the [970SJ
it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess
demand.
This [, he thought,] could not be true, because the "Origin of Species is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men.
For example, in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization|—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed— | was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so
It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to misleading interpretations of what happened
此句中,It作形式主that the peculiar way…为主语从句。主语从句中又包含了一个从句what happened,作介词of后的宾语从句
… , which is how we often think of them
… , which is why children can learn it so quickly.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR
who suggested that humans are born w让h an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.
Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the costumers.
解决分裂结构的关键是还原成连贯
解决分裂结构的关键就是先要把分裂的部分找到,然后把句子还原成原本连贯的形式,再进行长难句分析。
一般情况下,分裂结构的前后常常会岀现成对的逗号、破折号或括号,可以在极大程度上帮助同学们找到分裂结构。
解决嵌套结构的关键是分层次
嵌套结构,无非就是句子套句子,所以想看懂一定要分层次。
解决平行结构的关键是理清多个并列
平行结构,就是多个词、词组或句子并列在一起,共同作一个成分。平行结构最大的特点是:平行并列的各个成分间词性相同且形式一致,并且通常有并列连词(和逗号)连接。
因此,根据其特点,我们可以通过三步搞定平行结构:
“往后看”
,确定平行并列的成分是什么词性或什么形式;“往前找”
,找到与之相同的词性或一致的形式,则找到平行并列的各个成分