spring解决循环依赖为什么要用三级缓存?

也许有些朋友对spring的循环依赖问题并不了解,让我们先一起看看这个例子。

@Service
public class AService {
​
    private BService bService;
​
    public AService(BService bService) {
        this.bService = bService;
    }
​
    public void doA() {
        System.out.println("call doA");
    }
}
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@Service
public class BService {
​
    private AService aService;
​
    public BService(AService aService) {
        this.aService = aService;
    }
​
    public void doB() {
        System.out.println("call doB");
    }
}
​
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@RequestMapping("/test")
@RestController
public class TestController {
​
    @Autowired
    private AService aService;
​
    @RequestMapping("/doSameThing")
    public String doSameThing() {
        aService.doA();
        return "success";
    }
}
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@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
​
    /**
     * 程序入口
     * @param args 程序输入参数
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class).web(WebApplicationType.SERVLET).run(args);
    }
}

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我们在运行Application类的main方法启动服务时,报了如下异常:

Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
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这里提示得很明显,出现了循环依赖。

什么是循环依赖?

循环依赖是实例a依赖于实例b,实例b又依赖于实例a。

spring解决循环依赖为什么要用三级缓存?_第1张图片

或者实例a依赖于实例b,实例b依赖于实例c,实例c又依赖于实例a。

spring解决循环依赖为什么要用三级缓存?_第2张图片

像这种多个实例之间的相互依赖关系构成一个环形,就是循环依赖。

为什么会形成循环依赖?

上面的例子中AService实例化时会调用构造方法 public AService(BService bService),该构造方法依赖于BService的实例。此时BService还没有实例化,需要调用构造方法public BService(AService aService)才能完成实例化,该构造方法巧合又需要AService的实例作为参数。由于AService和BService都没有提前实例化,在实例化过程中又相互依赖对方的实例作为参数,这样构成了一个死循环,所以最终都无法再实例化了。

spring要如何解决循环依赖?

只需要将上面的例子稍微调整一下,不用构造函数注入,直接使用Autowired注入。

@Service
public class AService {
​
    @Autowired
    private BService bService;
​
    public AService() {
    }
​
    public void doA() {
        System.out.println("call doA");
    }
}

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@Service
public class BService {
​
    @Autowired
    private AService aService;
​
    public BService() {
    }
​
    public void doB() {
        System.out.println("call doB");
    }
}
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我们看到可以正常启动了,说明循环依赖被自己解决了

spring为什么能循环依赖?

调用applicationContext.getBean(xx)方法,最终会调到AbstractBeanFactory类的doGetBean方法。由于该方法很长,我把部分不相干的代码省略掉了。

protected  T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class requiredType,
@Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException { final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);    Object bean;
​
    Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
    if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
       省略........
      bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
    } else {
       省略........
​
        if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
          sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
            try {
              return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
            }
            catch (BeansException ex) {
              destroySingleton(beanName);
              throw ex;
            }
          });
          bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
        }
​
        else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
          // It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
          Object prototypeInstance = null;
          try {
            beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
            prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
          }
          finally {
            afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
          }
          bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
        }
        else {
          String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
          final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
          if (scope == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
          }
          try {
            Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
              beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
              try {
                return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
              }
              finally {
                afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
              }
            });
            bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
          }
          catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
                "Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
                "defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
                ex);
          }
        }
      }
      catch (BeansException ex) {
        cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
        throw ex;
      }
    }
    省略........
    return (T) bean;
  }
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我们可以看到,该方法一进来会调用getSingleton方法从缓存获取实例,如果获取不到。会判断作用域是否为:单例,多列 或者 都不是,不同的作用域创建实例的规则不一样。接下来,我们重点看一下getSingleton方法。

  public Object getSingleton(String beanName) {
    return getSingleton(beanName, true);
  }
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  protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
    Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
    if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
      synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
        singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
        if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
          ObjectFactory singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
          if (singletonFactory != null) {
            singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
            this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
            this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return singletonObject;
  }
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我们发现有三个Map集合:

  /** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance */
  private final Map singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
​
  /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory */
  private final Map> singletonFactories = new HashMap<>(16);
​
  /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance */
  private final Map earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<>(16);
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singletonObjects对应一级缓存,earlySingletonObjects对应二级缓存,singletonFactories对应三级缓存。

上面getSingleton方法的逻辑是:

先从singletonObjects(一级缓存)中获取实例,如果可以获取到则直接返回singletonObject实例。

如果从singletonObjects(一级缓存)中获取不对实例,再从earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中获取实例,如果可以获取到则直接返回singletonObject实例。

如果从earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中获取不对实例,则从singletonFactories(三级缓存)中获取singletonFactory,如果获取到则调用getObject方法创建实例,把创建好的实例放到earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中,并且从singletonFactories(三级缓存)删除singletonFactory实例,然后返回singletonObject实例。

如果从singletonObjects、earlySingletonObjects和singletonFactories中都获取不到实例,则singletonObject对象为空。

获取实例需要调用applicationContext.getBean("xxx")方法,第一次调用getBean方法,代码走到getSingleton方法时返回的singletonObject对象是空的。然后接着往下执行,默认情况下bean的作用域是单例的,接下来我们重点看看这段代码:

createBean方法会调用doCreateBean方法,该方法同样比较长,我们把不相干的代码省略掉。

protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args)
      throws BeanCreationException {
​
    BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
    省略......
    
    if (instanceWrapper == null) {
      instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
    }
    final Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
    省略........
​
    boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
        isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
    if (earlySingletonExposure) {
      addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
    }
​
    Object exposedObject = bean;
    try {
      populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
      exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
      省略 .....
    }
    省略 .......
    return exposedObject;
  }

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该方法的主要流程是:

创建bean实例

判断作用域是否为单例,允许循环依赖,并且当前bean正在创建,还没有创建完成。如果都满足条件,则调用addSingletonFactory将bean实例放入缓存中。

调用populateBean方法进行依赖注入

调用initializeBean方法完成对象初始化和AOP增强

我们关注的重点可以先放到addSingletonFactory方法上。

  protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
    Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
    synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
      if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
        this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
        this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
        this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
      }
    }
  }
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该方法的逻辑是判断如果singletonObjects(一级缓存)中找不到实例,则将singletonFactory实例放到singletonFactories(三级缓存)中,并且移除earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中的实例。

createBean方法执行完之后,会调用外层的getSingleton方法

我们重点看看这个getSingleton方法

public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
    Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");
    synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
      Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
      if (singletonObject == null) {
        if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) {
          throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName,
              "Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction " +
              "(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");
        }
        beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
        boolean newSingleton = false;
        boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);
        if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
          this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
        }
        try {
          singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
          newSingleton = true;
        }
        catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
​
          singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
          if (singletonObject == null) {
            throw ex;
          }
        }
        catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
          if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
            for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) {
              ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);
            }
          }
          throw ex;
        }
        finally {
          if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
            this.suppressedExceptions = null;
          }
          afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
        }
        if (newSingleton) {
          addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
        }
      }
      return singletonObject;
    }
  }
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该方法逻辑很简单,就是先从singletonObjects(一级缓存)中获取实例,如果获取不到,则调用singletonFactory.getObject()方法创建一个实例,然后调用addSingleton方法放入singletonObjects缓存中。

if (earlySingletonExposure) {
    addSingletonFactory(beanName, () ->       getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}

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getObject方法最终会调用到getEarlyBeanReference方法

	protected Object getEarlyBeanReference(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object bean) {
		Object exposedObject = bean;
		if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
			for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
				if (bp instanceof SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
					SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
					exposedObject = ibp.getEarlyBeanReference(exposedObject, beanName);
				}
			}
		}
		return exposedObject;
	}

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该方法让实体bean可以生成代理对象。

再看看addSingleton方法

  protected void addSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) {
    synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
      this.singletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
      this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
      this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
      this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
    }
  }
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该方法会将实例放入singletonObjects(一级缓存),并且删除singletonFactories(二级缓存),这样以后再调用getBean时,都能从singletonObjects(一级缓存)中获取到实例了。

说了这么多,再回到示例中的场景。

spring为什么要用三级缓存,而不是二级缓存?

像示例的这种情况只用二级缓存是没有问题的。

但是假如有这种情况:a实例同时依赖于b实例和c实例,b实例又依赖于a实例,c实例也依赖于a实例。

spring解决循环依赖为什么要用三级缓存?_第3张图片

a实例化时,先提前暴露objectFactorya到三级缓存,调用getBean(b)依赖注入b实例。b实例化之后,提前暴露objectFactoryb到三级缓存,调用getBean(a)依赖注入a实例,由于提前暴露了objectFactorya,此时可以从三级缓存中获取到a实例, b实例完成了依赖注入,升级为一级缓存。a实例化再getBean(c)依赖注入c实例,c实例化之后,提前暴露objectFactoryc到三级缓存,调用getBean(a)依赖注入a实例,由于提前暴露了objectFactorya,此时可以从三级缓存中获取到a实例。注意这里又要从三级缓存中获取a实例,我们知道三级缓存中的实例是通过调用singletonFactory.getObject()方法获取的,返回结果每次都可能不一样。如果不用第二级缓存,这里会有问题,两次获取的a实例不一样。

此外,如果不用第三级缓存的话,不用singletonFactory.getObject()方法的话,对象不能生成扩展,当然生成代理对象是扩展的其中一种方式。

总结:

只有单例的情况下才能解决循环依赖问题,并且allowCircularReferences要设置成true。
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以下情况还是会出现循环依赖:

构造器注入

作用域非单例的情况,当然在自定义作用域,自己可以实现避免循环依赖的逻辑

allowCircularReferences参数设置为false

希望这篇文章可以对大家有帮助

也许有些朋友对spring的循环依赖问题并不了解,让我们先一起看看这个例子。

@Service
public class AService {
​
    private BService bService;
​
    public AService(BService bService) {
        this.bService = bService;
    }
​
    public void doA() {
        System.out.println("call doA");
    }
}
复制代码
@Service
public class BService {
​
    private AService aService;
​
    public BService(AService aService) {
        this.aService = aService;
    }
​
    public void doB() {
        System.out.println("call doB");
    }
}
​
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@RequestMapping("/test")
@RestController
public class TestController {
​
    @Autowired
    private AService aService;
​
    @RequestMapping("/doSameThing")
    public String doSameThing() {
        aService.doA();
        return "success";
    }
}
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@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
​
    /**
     * 程序入口
     * @param args 程序输入参数
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class).web(WebApplicationType.SERVLET).run(args);
    }
}

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我们在运行Application类的main方法启动服务时,报了如下异常:

Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
复制代码

这里提示得很明显,出现了循环依赖。

什么是循环依赖?

循环依赖是实例a依赖于实例b,实例b又依赖于实例a。 spring解决循环依赖为什么要用三级缓存?_第4张图片

或者实例a依赖于实例b,实例b依赖于实例c,实例c又依赖于实例a。

spring解决循环依赖为什么要用三级缓存?_第5张图片

像这种多个实例之间的相互依赖关系构成一个环形,就是循环依赖。

为什么会形成循环依赖?

上面的例子中AService实例化时会调用构造方法 public AService(BService bService),该构造方法依赖于BService的实例。此时BService还没有实例化,需要调用构造方法public BService(AService aService)才能完成实例化,该构造方法巧合又需要AService的实例作为参数。由于AService和BService都没有提前实例化,在实例化过程中又相互依赖对方的实例作为参数,这样构成了一个死循环,所以最终都无法再实例化了。

spring要如何解决循环依赖?

只需要将上面的例子稍微调整一下,不用构造函数注入,直接使用Autowired注入。

@Service
public class AService {
​
    @Autowired
    private BService bService;
​
    public AService() {
    }
​
    public void doA() {
        System.out.println("call doA");
    }
}

复制代码
@Service
public class BService {
​
    @Autowired
    private AService aService;
​
    public BService() {
    }
​
    public void doB() {
        System.out.println("call doB");
    }
}
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我们看到可以正常启动了,说明循环依赖被自己解决了

spring为什么能循环依赖?

调用applicationContext.getBean(xx)方法,最终会调到AbstractBeanFactory类的doGetBean方法。由于该方法很长,我把部分不相干的代码省略掉了。

protected  T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class requiredType,
@Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException { final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);    Object bean;
​
    Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
    if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
       省略........
      bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
    } else {
       省略........
​
        if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
          sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
            try {
              return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
            }
            catch (BeansException ex) {
              destroySingleton(beanName);
              throw ex;
            }
          });
          bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
        }
​
        else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
          // It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
          Object prototypeInstance = null;
          try {
            beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
            prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
          }
          finally {
            afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
          }
          bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
        }
        else {
          String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
          final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
          if (scope == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
          }
          try {
            Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
              beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
              try {
                return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
              }
              finally {
                afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
              }
            });
            bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
          }
          catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
                "Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
                "defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
                ex);
          }
        }
      }
      catch (BeansException ex) {
        cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
        throw ex;
      }
    }
    省略........
    return (T) bean;
  }
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我们可以看到,该方法一进来会调用getSingleton方法从缓存获取实例,如果获取不到。会判断作用域是否为:单例,多列 或者 都不是,不同的作用域创建实例的规则不一样。接下来,我们重点看一下getSingleton方法。

  public Object getSingleton(String beanName) {
    return getSingleton(beanName, true);
  }
复制代码
  protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
    Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
    if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
      synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
        singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
        if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
          ObjectFactory singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
          if (singletonFactory != null) {
            singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
            this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
            this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return singletonObject;
  }
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我们发现有三个Map集合:

  /** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance */
  private final Map singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
​
  /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory */
  private final Map> singletonFactories = new HashMap<>(16);
​
  /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance */
  private final Map earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<>(16);
复制代码

singletonObjects对应一级缓存,earlySingletonObjects对应二级缓存,singletonFactories对应三级缓存。

上面getSingleton方法的逻辑是:

先从singletonObjects(一级缓存)中获取实例,如果可以获取到则直接返回singletonObject实例。

如果从singletonObjects(一级缓存)中获取不对实例,再从earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中获取实例,如果可以获取到则直接返回singletonObject实例。

如果从earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中获取不对实例,则从singletonFactories(三级缓存)中获取singletonFactory,如果获取到则调用getObject方法创建实例,把创建好的实例放到earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中,并且从singletonFactories(三级缓存)删除singletonFactory实例,然后返回singletonObject实例。

如果从singletonObjects、earlySingletonObjects和singletonFactories中都获取不到实例,则singletonObject对象为空。

获取实例需要调用applicationContext.getBean("xxx")方法,第一次调用getBean方法,代码走到getSingleton方法时返回的singletonObject对象是空的。然后接着往下执行,默认情况下bean的作用域是单例的,接下来我们重点看看这段代码:

createBean方法会调用doCreateBean方法,该方法同样比较长,我们把不相干的代码省略掉。

protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args)
      throws BeanCreationException {
​
    BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
    省略......
    
    if (instanceWrapper == null) {
      instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
    }
    final Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
    省略........
​
    boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
        isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
    if (earlySingletonExposure) {
      addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
    }
​
    Object exposedObject = bean;
    try {
      populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
      exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
      省略 .....
    }
    省略 .......
    return exposedObject;
  }

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该方法的主要流程是:

创建bean实例

判断作用域是否为单例,允许循环依赖,并且当前bean正在创建,还没有创建完成。如果都满足条件,则调用addSingletonFactory将bean实例放入缓存中。

调用populateBean方法进行依赖注入

调用initializeBean方法完成对象初始化和AOP增强

我们关注的重点可以先放到addSingletonFactory方法上。

  protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
    Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
    synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
      if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
        this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
        this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
        this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
      }
    }
  }
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该方法的逻辑是判断如果singletonObjects(一级缓存)中找不到实例,则将singletonFactory实例放到singletonFactories(三级缓存)中,并且移除earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中的实例。

createBean方法执行完之后,会调用外层的getSingleton方法

我们重点看看这个getSingleton方法

public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
    Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");
    synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
      Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
      if (singletonObject == null) {
        if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) {
          throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName,
              "Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction " +
              "(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");
        }
        beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
        boolean newSingleton = false;
        boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);
        if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
          this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
        }
        try {
          singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
          newSingleton = true;
        }
        catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
​
          singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
          if (singletonObject == null) {
            throw ex;
          }
        }
        catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
          if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
            for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) {
              ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);
            }
          }
          throw ex;
        }
        finally {
          if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
            this.suppressedExceptions = null;
          }
          afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
        }
        if (newSingleton) {
          addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
        }
      }
      return singletonObject;
    }
  }
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该方法逻辑很简单,就是先从singletonObjects(一级缓存)中获取实例,如果获取不到,则调用singletonFactory.getObject()方法创建一个实例,然后调用addSingleton方法放入singletonObjects缓存中。

if (earlySingletonExposure) {
    addSingletonFactory(beanName, () ->       getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}

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getObject方法最终会调用到getEarlyBeanReference方法

	protected Object getEarlyBeanReference(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object bean) {
		Object exposedObject = bean;
		if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
			for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
				if (bp instanceof SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
					SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
					exposedObject = ibp.getEarlyBeanReference(exposedObject, beanName);
				}
			}
		}
		return exposedObject;
	}

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该方法让实体bean可以生成代理对象。

再看看addSingleton方法

  protected void addSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) {
    synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
      this.singletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
      this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
      this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
      this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
    }
  }
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该方法会将实例放入singletonObjects(一级缓存),并且删除singletonFactories(二级缓存),这样以后再调用getBean时,都能从singletonObjects(一级缓存)中获取到实例了。

说了这么多,再回到示例中的场景。

spring为什么要用三级缓存,而不是二级缓存?

像示例的这种情况只用二级缓存是没有问题的。

但是假如有这种情况:a实例同时依赖于b实例和c实例,b实例又依赖于a实例,c实例也依赖于a实例。

spring解决循环依赖为什么要用三级缓存?_第6张图片

a实例化时,先提前暴露objectFactorya到三级缓存,调用getBean(b)依赖注入b实例。b实例化之后,提前暴露objectFactoryb到三级缓存,调用getBean(a)依赖注入a实例,由于提前暴露了objectFactorya,此时可以从三级缓存中获取到a实例, b实例完成了依赖注入,升级为一级缓存。a实例化再getBean(c)依赖注入c实例,c实例化之后,提前暴露objectFactoryc到三级缓存,调用getBean(a)依赖注入a实例,由于提前暴露了objectFactorya,此时可以从三级缓存中获取到a实例。注意这里又要从三级缓存中获取a实例,我们知道三级缓存中的实例是通过调用singletonFactory.getObject()方法获取的,返回结果每次都可能不一样。如果不用第二级缓存,这里会有问题,两次获取的a实例不一样。

此外,如果不用第三级缓存的话,不用singletonFactory.getObject()方法的话,对象不能生成扩展,当然生成代理对象是扩展的其中一种方式。

总结:

只有单例的情况下才能解决循环依赖问题,并且allowCircularReferences要设置成true。
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以下情况还是会出现循环依赖:

构造器注入

作用域非单例的情况,当然在自定义作用域,自己可以实现避免循环依赖的逻辑

allowCircularReferences参数设置为false

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