http://blog.csdn.net/xzzppp/article/details/52317863#
#功能描述：生成多尺度、多宽高比的anchors。
# 尺度为：128,256,512; 宽高比为：1:2,1:1,2:1
import numpy as np #提供矩阵运算功能的库
#生成anchors总函数：ratios为一个列表，表示宽高比为：1:2,1:1,2:1
#2**x表示:2^x，scales:[2^3 2^4 2^5],即:[8 16 32]
def generate_anchors(base_size=16, ratios=[0.5, 1, 2],
scales=2**np.arange(3, 6)):
"""
Generate anchor (reference) windows by enumerating aspect ratios X
scales wrt a reference (0, 0, 15, 15) window.
"""
base_anchor = np.array([1, 1, base_size, base_size]) - 1 #新建一个数组：base_anchor:[0 0 15 15]
ratio_anchors = _ratio_enum(base_anchor, ratios) #枚举各种宽高比
anchors = np.vstack([_scale_enum(ratio_anchors[i, :], scales) #枚举各种尺度，vstack:竖向合并数组
for i in xrange(ratio_anchors.shape[0])]) #shape[0]:读取矩阵第一维长度，其值为3
return anchors
#用于返回width,height,(x,y)中心坐标(对于一个anchor窗口)
def _whctrs(anchor):
"""
Return width, height, x center, and y center for an anchor (window).
"""
#anchor:存储了窗口左上角，右下角的坐标
w = anchor[2] - anchor[0] + 1
h = anchor[3] - anchor[1] + 1
x_ctr = anchor[0] + 0.5 * (w - 1) #anchor中心点坐标
y_ctr = anchor[1] + 0.5 * (h - 1)
return w, h, x_ctr, y_ctr
#给定一组宽高向量，输出各个anchor，即预测窗口，**输出anchor的面积相等，只是宽高比不同**
def _mkanchors(ws, hs, x_ctr, y_ctr):
#ws:[23 16 11]，hs:[12 16 22],ws和hs一一对应。
"""
Given a vector of widths (ws) and heights (hs) around a center
(x_ctr, y_ctr), output a set of anchors (windows).
"""
ws = ws[:, np.newaxis] #newaxis:将数组转置
hs = hs[:, np.newaxis]
anchors = np.hstack((x_ctr - 0.5 * (ws - 1), #hstack、vstack:合并数组
y_ctr - 0.5 * (hs - 1), #anchor：[[-3.5 2 18.5 13]
x_ctr + 0.5 * (ws - 1), # [0 0 15 15]
y_ctr + 0.5 * (hs - 1))) # [2.5 -3 12.5 18]]
return anchors
#枚举一个anchor的各种宽高比，anchor[0 0 15 15],ratios[0.5,1,2]
def _ratio_enum(anchor, ratios):
""" 列举关于一个anchor的三种宽高比 1:2,1:1,2:1
Enumerate a set of anchors for each aspect ratio wrt an anchor.
"""
w, h, x_ctr, y_ctr = _whctrs(anchor) #返回宽高和中心坐标，w:16,h:16,x_ctr:7.5,y_ctr:7.5
size = w * h #size:16*16=256
size_ratios = size / ratios #256/ratios[0.5,1,2]=[512,256,128]
#round()方法返回x的四舍五入的数字，sqrt()方法返回数字x的平方根
ws = np.round(np.sqrt(size_ratios)) #ws:[23 16 11]
hs = np.round(ws * ratios) #hs:[12 16 22],ws和hs一一对应。as:23&12
anchors = _mkanchors(ws, hs, x_ctr, y_ctr) #给定一组宽高向量，输出各个预测窗口
return anchors
#枚举一个anchor的各种尺度，以anchor[0 0 15 15]为例,scales[8 16 32]
def _scale_enum(anchor, scales):
""" 列举关于一个anchor的三种尺度 128*128,256*256,512*512
Enumerate a set of anchors for each scale wrt an anchor.
"""
w, h, x_ctr, y_ctr = _whctrs(anchor) #返回宽高和中心坐标，w:16,h:16,x_ctr:7.5,y_ctr:7.5
ws = w * scales #[128 256 512]
hs = h * scales #[128 256 512]
anchors = _mkanchors(ws, hs, x_ctr, y_ctr) #[[-56 -56 71 71] [-120 -120 135 135] [-248 -248 263 263]]
return anchors
if __name__ == '__main__': #主函数
import time
t = time.time()
a = generate_anchors() #生成anchor（窗口）
print time.time() - t #显示时间
print a
from IPython import embed; embed()