BLE权限
首先，需要在manifest中声明使用蓝牙和操作蓝牙的权限
在应用程序清单文件中声明蓝牙权限。
如果您要声明自己的应用只适用于支持BLE的设备，请在应用清单中包含以下内容：
在android 6.0 以后，要想获得蓝牙扫描结果，还需要下面的权限
设置蓝牙
Get the BluetoothAdapter
// Use this check to determine whether BLE is supported on the device. Then
// you can selectively disable BLE-related features.
if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
// Initializes Bluetooth adapter.
mBluetoothManager =
(BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();
Enable Bluetooth
// Ensures Bluetooth is available on the device and it is enabled. If not,
// displays a dialog requesting user permission to enable Bluetooth.
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}
初始化广播
(1)广播的设置
(2)设置广播的数据
(3)设置响应的数据
(4)设置连接回调
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
private void initGATTServer() {
AdvertiseSettings settings = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder()
.setConnectable(true)
.build();
AdvertiseData advertiseData = new AdvertiseData.Builder()
.setIncludeDeviceName(true)
.setIncludeTxPowerLevel(true)
.build();
AdvertiseData scanResponseData = new AdvertiseData.Builder()
.addServiceUuid(new ParcelUuid(UUID_SERVER))
.setIncludeTxPowerLevel(true)
.build();
AdvertiseCallback callback = new AdvertiseCallback() {
@Override
public void onStartSuccess(AdvertiseSettings settingsInEffect) {
Log.d(TAG, "BLE advertisement added successfully");
showText("1. initGATTServer success");
println("1. initGATTServer success");
initServices(getContext());
}
@Override
public void onStartFailure(int errorCode) {
Log.e(TAG, "Failed to add BLE advertisement, reason: " + errorCode);
showText("1. initGATTServer failure");
}
};
BluetoothLeAdvertiser bluetoothLeAdvertiser = mBluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeAdvertiser();
bluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(settings, advertiseData, scanResponseData, callback);
}
在被BLE设备连接后，将触发 AdvertiseCallback 的 onStartSuccess，我们在这之后，初始化GATT的服务
初始化GATT的服务
(1) 通过 mBluetoothManager.openGattServer() 获得 bluetoothGattServer
(2) 添加 服务，特征，描述。这些内容要让客户端知道。
private void initServices(Context context) {
bluetoothGattServer = mBluetoothManager.openGattServer(context, bluetoothGattServerCallback);
BluetoothGattService service = new BluetoothGattService(UUID_SERVER, BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);
//add a read characteristic.
characteristicRead = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(UUID_CHARREAD, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_READ);
//add a descriptor
BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = new BluetoothGattDescriptor(UUID_DESCRIPTOR, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);
characteristicRead.addDescriptor(descriptor);
service.addCharacteristic(characteristicRead);
//add a write characteristic.
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristicWrite = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(UUID_CHARWRITE,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE |
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ |
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);
service.addCharacteristic(characteristicWrite);
bluetoothGattServer.addService(service);
Log.e(TAG, "2. initServices ok");
showText("2. initServices ok");
}
在 openGattServer 方法中，我们需要传入个回调
bluetoothGattServer = mBluetoothManager.openGattServer(context, bluetoothGattServerCallback);
配置数据交互回调
回调时间有：连接状态变化，收发消息，通知消息
/**
* 服务事件的回调
*/
private BluetoothGattServerCallback bluetoothGattServerCallback = new BluetoothGattServerCallback() {
/**
* 1.连接状态发生变化时
* @param device
* @param status
* @param newState
*/
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothDevice device, int status, int newState) {
Log.e(TAG, String.format("1.onConnectionStateChange：device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));
Log.e(TAG, String.format("1.onConnectionStateChange：status = %s, newState =%s ", status, newState));
super.onConnectionStateChange(device, status, newState);
currentDevice = device;
}
@Override
public void onServiceAdded(int status, BluetoothGattService service) {
super.onServiceAdded(status, service);
Log.e(TAG, String.format("onServiceAdded：status = %s", status));
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
Log.e(TAG, String.format("onCharacteristicReadRequest：device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));
Log.e(TAG, String.format("onCharacteristicReadRequest：requestId = %s, offset = %s", requestId, offset));
bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, characteristic.getValue());
// super.onCharacteristicReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, characteristic);
}
/**
* 3. onCharacteristicWriteRequest,接收具体的字节
* @param device
* @param requestId
* @param characteristic
* @param preparedWrite
* @param responseNeeded
* @param offset
* @param requestBytes
*/
@Override
public void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] requestBytes) {
Log.e(TAG, String.format("3.onCharacteristicWriteRequest：device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));
bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, requestBytes);
//4.处理响应内容
onResponseToClient(requestBytes, device, requestId, characteristic);
}
/**
* 2.描述被写入时，在这里执行 bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS... 收，触发 onCharacteristicWriteRequest
* @param device
* @param requestId
* @param descriptor
* @param preparedWrite
* @param responseNeeded
* @param offset
* @param value
*/
@Override
public void onDescriptorWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {
Log.e(TAG, String.format("2.onDescriptorWriteRequest：device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));
// Log.e(TAG, String.format("2.onDescriptorWriteRequest：requestId = %s, preparedWrite = %s, responseNeeded = %s, offset = %s, value = %s,", requestId, preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, OutputStringUtil.toHexString(value)));
// now tell the connected device that this was all successfull
bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
}
/**
* 5.特征被读取。当回复响应成功后，客户端会读取然后触发本方法
* @param device
* @param requestId
* @param offset
* @param descriptor
*/
@Override
public void onDescriptorReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor) {
Log.e(TAG, String.format("onDescriptorReadRequest：device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));
Log.e(TAG, String.format("onDescriptorReadRequest：requestId = %s", requestId));
// super.onDescriptorReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, descriptor);
bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, null);
}
@Override
public void onNotificationSent(BluetoothDevice device, int status) {
super.onNotificationSent(device, status);
Log.e(TAG, String.format("5.onNotificationSent：device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));
Log.e(TAG, String.format("5.onNotificationSent：status = %s", status));
}
@Override
public void onMtuChanged(BluetoothDevice device, int mtu) {
super.onMtuChanged(device, mtu);
Log.e(TAG, String.format("onMtuChanged：mtu = %s", mtu));
}
@Override
public void onExecuteWrite(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, boolean execute) {
super.onExecuteWrite(device, requestId, execute);
Log.e(TAG, String.format("onExecuteWrite：requestId = %s", requestId));
}
};
接收数据
/**
* 4.处理响应内容
*
* @param reqeustBytes
* @param device
* @param requestId
* @param characteristic
*/
private void onResponseToClient(byte[] reqeustBytes, BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
Log.e(TAG, String.format("4.onResponseToClient：device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));
Log.e(TAG, String.format("4.onResponseToClient：requestId = %s", requestId));
// String msg = OutputStringUtil.transferForPrint(reqeustBytes);
String msg = new String(reqeustBytes);
println("4.收到:" + msg);
showText("4.收到:" + msg);
currentDevice = device;
}
发送数据
BluetoothDevice currentDevice;
private void sendMessage(String message) {
characteristicRead.setValue(message.getBytes());
if (currentDevice != null)
bluetoothGattServer.notifyCharacteristicChanged(currentDevice, characteristicRead, false);
println("4.发送:" + message);
showText("4.发送:" + message);
}
交互流程：
(1) 当客户端开始写入数据时： 触发回调方法 onDescriptorWriteRequest
(2) 在 onDescriptorWriteRequest 方法中，执行下面的方法表示 写入成功 BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS
bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
执行 sendResponse后，会触发回调方法 onCharacteristicWriteRequest
(3) 在 onCharacteristicWriteRequest方法中
public void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] requestBytes) {
这个里可以获得 来自客户端发来的数据 requestBytes
(4) 处理响应内容,我写了这个方法：
onResponseToClient(requestBytes, device, requestId, characteristic);
在这个方法中，通过 bluetoothGattServer.notifyCharacteristicChanged()方法 回复数据
Android ble低功耗蓝牙开发-客户端
Android ble低功耗蓝牙开发-服务端
源码传送门
参考文章：
Android BLE 蓝牙开发入门
Android BLE开发之Android手机与BLE终端通信
GitHub参考