Swagger是一个规范和完整的框架,用于生成、描述、调用和可视化 RESTful 风格的 Web服务。总体目标是使客户端和文件系统作为服务器以同样的速度来更新。文件的方法,参数和模型紧密集成到服务器端的代码,允许API来始终保持同步。
Step | Description |
---|---|
1 | 引入Maven依赖 |
2 | 在Spring Boot中启用Swagger |
3 | 创建SwaggerConfig类 |
4 | 创建Docket Bean |
5 | 提供API信息 |
6 | 配置Swagger UI |
7 | 应用Swagger |
版本
SpringBoot 2.7.*
springfox 3.0
Maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2artifactId>
<version>3.0.0version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>3.0.0version>
dependency>
@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "swagger.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public class SwaggerAutoConfiguration
{
/**
* 默认的排除路径,排除Spring Boot默认的错误处理路径和端点
*/
private static final List<String> DEFAULT_EXCLUDE_PATH = Arrays.asList("/error", "/actuator/**");
private static final String BASE_PATH = "/**";
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties()
{
return new SwaggerProperties();
}
@Bean
public Docket api(SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties)
{
// base-path处理
if (swaggerProperties.getBasePath().isEmpty())
{
swaggerProperties.getBasePath().add(BASE_PATH);
}
// noinspection unchecked
List<Predicate<String>> basePath = new ArrayList<Predicate<String>>();
swaggerProperties.getBasePath().forEach(path -> basePath.add(PathSelectors.ant(path)));
// exclude-path处理
if (swaggerProperties.getExcludePath().isEmpty())
{
swaggerProperties.getExcludePath().addAll(DEFAULT_EXCLUDE_PATH);
}
List<Predicate<String>> excludePath = new ArrayList<>();
swaggerProperties.getExcludePath().forEach(path -> excludePath.add(PathSelectors.ant(path)));
ApiSelectorBuilder builder = new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).host(swaggerProperties.getHost())
.apiInfo(apiInfo(swaggerProperties)).select()
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage(swaggerProperties.getBasePackage()));
swaggerProperties.getBasePath().forEach(p -> builder.paths(PathSelectors.ant(p)));
swaggerProperties.getExcludePath().forEach(p -> builder.paths(PathSelectors.ant(p).negate()));
return builder.build().securitySchemes(securitySchemes()).securityContexts(securityContexts()).pathMapping("/");
}
/**
* 安全模式,这里指定token通过Authorization头请求头传递
*/
private List<SecurityScheme> securitySchemes()
{
List<SecurityScheme> apiKeyList = new ArrayList<SecurityScheme>();
apiKeyList.add(new ApiKey("Authorization", "Authorization", "header"));
return apiKeyList;
}
/**
* 安全上下文
*/
private List<SecurityContext> securityContexts()
{
List<SecurityContext> securityContexts = new ArrayList<>();
securityContexts.add(
SecurityContext.builder()
.securityReferences(defaultAuth())
.operationSelector(o -> o.requestMappingPattern().matches("/.*"))
.build());
return securityContexts;
}
/**
* 默认的全局鉴权策略
*
* @return
*/
private List<SecurityReference> defaultAuth()
{
AuthorizationScope authorizationScope = new AuthorizationScope("global", "accessEverything");
AuthorizationScope[] authorizationScopes = new AuthorizationScope[1];
authorizationScopes[0] = authorizationScope;
List<SecurityReference> securityReferences = new ArrayList<>();
securityReferences.add(new SecurityReference("Authorization", authorizationScopes));
return securityReferences;
}
private ApiInfo apiInfo(SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties)
{
return new ApiInfoBuilder()
.title(swaggerProperties.getTitle())
.description(swaggerProperties.getDescription())
.license(swaggerProperties.getLicense())
.licenseUrl(swaggerProperties.getLicenseUrl())
.termsOfServiceUrl(swaggerProperties.getTermsOfServiceUrl())
.contact(new Contact(swaggerProperties.getContact().getName(), swaggerProperties.getContact().getUrl(), swaggerProperties.getContact().getEmail()))
.version(swaggerProperties.getVersion())
.build();
}
}
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties("swagger")
public class SwaggerProperties
{
/**
* 是否开启swagger
*/
private Boolean enabled;
/**
* swagger会解析的包路径
**/
private String basePackage = "";
/**
* swagger会解析的url规则
**/
private List<String> basePath = new ArrayList<>();
/**
* 在basePath基础上需要排除的url规则
**/
private List<String> excludePath = new ArrayList<>();
/**
* 标题
**/
private String title = "";
/**
* 描述
**/
private String description = "";
/**
* 版本
**/
private String version = "";
/**
* 许可证
**/
private String license = "";
/**
* 许可证URL
**/
private String licenseUrl = "";
/**
* 服务条款URL
**/
private String termsOfServiceUrl = "";
/**
* host信息
**/
private String host = "";
/**
* 联系人信息
*/
private Contact contact = new Contact();
/**
* 全局统一鉴权配置
**/
private Authorization authorization = new Authorization();
public Boolean getEnabled()
{
return enabled;
}
public void setEnabled(Boolean enabled)
{
this.enabled = enabled;
}
public String getBasePackage()
{
return basePackage;
}
public void setBasePackage(String basePackage)
{
this.basePackage = basePackage;
}
public List<String> getBasePath()
{
return basePath;
}
public void setBasePath(List<String> basePath)
{
this.basePath = basePath;
}
public List<String> getExcludePath()
{
return excludePath;
}
public void setExcludePath(List<String> excludePath)
{
this.excludePath = excludePath;
}
public String getTitle()
{
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title)
{
this.title = title;
}
public String getDescription()
{
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description)
{
this.description = description;
}
public String getVersion()
{
return version;
}
public void setVersion(String version)
{
this.version = version;
}
public String getLicense()
{
return license;
}
public void setLicense(String license)
{
this.license = license;
}
public String getLicenseUrl()
{
return licenseUrl;
}
public void setLicenseUrl(String licenseUrl)
{
this.licenseUrl = licenseUrl;
}
public String getTermsOfServiceUrl()
{
return termsOfServiceUrl;
}
public void setTermsOfServiceUrl(String termsOfServiceUrl)
{
this.termsOfServiceUrl = termsOfServiceUrl;
}
public String getHost()
{
return host;
}
public void setHost(String host)
{
this.host = host;
}
public Contact getContact()
{
return contact;
}
public void setContact(Contact contact)
{
this.contact = contact;
}
public Authorization getAuthorization()
{
return authorization;
}
public void setAuthorization(Authorization authorization)
{
this.authorization = authorization;
}
public static class Contact
{
/**
* 联系人
**/
private String name = "";
/**
* 联系人url
**/
private String url = "";
/**
* 联系人email
**/
private String email = "";
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public String getUrl()
{
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url)
{
this.url = url;
}
public String getEmail()
{
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email)
{
this.email = email;
}
}
public static class Authorization
{
/**
* 鉴权策略ID,需要和SecurityReferences ID保持一致
*/
private String name = "";
/**
* 需要开启鉴权URL的正则
*/
private String authRegex = "^.*$";
/**
* 鉴权作用域列表
*/
private List<AuthorizationScope> authorizationScopeList = new ArrayList<>();
private List<String> tokenUrlList = new ArrayList<>();
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthRegex()
{
return authRegex;
}
public void setAuthRegex(String authRegex)
{
this.authRegex = authRegex;
}
public List<AuthorizationScope> getAuthorizationScopeList()
{
return authorizationScopeList;
}
public void setAuthorizationScopeList(List<AuthorizationScope> authorizationScopeList)
{
this.authorizationScopeList = authorizationScopeList;
}
public List<String> getTokenUrlList()
{
return tokenUrlList;
}
public void setTokenUrlList(List<String> tokenUrlList)
{
this.tokenUrlList = tokenUrlList;
}
}
public static class AuthorizationScope
{
/**
* 作用域名称
*/
private String scope = "";
/**
* 作用域描述
*/
private String description = "";
public String getScope()
{
return scope;
}
public void setScope(String scope)
{
this.scope = scope;
}
public String getDescription()
{
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description)
{
this.description = description;
}
}
/**
* swagger 资源映射路径
*
*/
@Configuration
public class SwaggerWebConfiguration implements WebMvcConfigurer
{
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry)
{
/** swagger-ui 地址 */
registry.addResourceHandler("/swagger-ui/**")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/");
}
}
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Failed to start bean 'documentationPluginsBootstrapper'; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.doStart(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:181)
at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.access$200(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:54)
at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor$LifecycleGroup.start(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:356)
at java.lang.Iterable.forEach(Iterable.java:75)
at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.startBeans(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:155)
at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.onRefresh(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:123)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishRefresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:935)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:586)
at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:147)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:734)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:408)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:308)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1306)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1295)
at *Application.main(Application.java:22)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartLauncher.run(RestartLauncher.java:49)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: null
at springfox.documentation.spring.web.WebMvcPatternsRequestConditionWrapper.getPatterns(WebMvcPatternsRequestConditionWrapper.java:56)
at springfox.documentation.RequestHandler.sortedPaths(RequestHandler.java:113)
at springfox.documentation.spi.service.contexts.Orderings.lambda$byPatternsCondition$3(Orderings.java:89)
at java.util.Comparator.lambda$comparing$77a9974f$1(Comparator.java:469)
at java.util.TimSort.countRunAndMakeAscending(TimSort.java:355)
at java.util.TimSort.sort(TimSort.java:234)
at java.util.Arrays.sort(Arrays.java:1512)
at java.util.ArrayList.sort(ArrayList.java:1454)
at java.util.stream.SortedOps$RefSortingSink.end(SortedOps.java:387)
at java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258)
at java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258)
at java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258)
at java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:482)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.WebMvcRequestHandlerProvider.requestHandlers(WebMvcRequestHandlerProvider.java:81)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193)
at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1374)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.withDefaults(AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:107)
at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.buildContext(AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:91)
at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.bootstrapDocumentationPlugins(AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:82)
at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.start(DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:100)
at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.doStart(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:178)
... 19 common frames omitted
从报错顺序跟踪源码查看执行步骤
step | 操作 |
---|---|
1 | SpringBoot 启动同时Bean初始化完毕 |
2 | 初始化DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper同时将RequestHandlerProvider通过构造器驻入 |
3 | 调用DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper start 方法加载Docket插件 |
4 | 解析RequestHandlerProvider并将数据存到DocumentationCache中 |
5 | 请求Swagger2Controller 的v2/api-docs接口,通过groupName从DocumentationCache中将数据取出,在将数据统一封装到Swagger类中,序列化成json返回给 |
SpringBoot 2.6.0开始,请求路径与SpringMVC处理映射匹配的默认策略已从AntPathMatcher更改为PathPatternParser。可以通过设置spring.mvc.pathmatch.matching-strategy为ant-path-matcher来改变。
除了basePackage包路径配错以外。以下方案可解决以上问题。
/**
* swagger 在 springboot 2.6.x 不兼容问题的处理
*
*/
@Component
public class SwaggerBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor
{
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException
{
if (bean instanceof WebMvcRequestHandlerProvider || bean instanceof WebFluxRequestHandlerProvider)
{
customizeSpringfoxHandlerMappings(getHandlerMappings(bean));
}
return bean;
}
private <T extends RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping> void customizeSpringfoxHandlerMappings(List<T> mappings)
{
List<T> copy = mappings.stream().filter(mapping -> mapping.getPatternParser() == null)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
mappings.clear();
mappings.addAll(copy);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private List<RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping> getHandlerMappings(Object bean)
{
try
{
Field field = ReflectionUtils.findField(bean.getClass(), "handlerMappings");
field.setAccessible(true);
return (List<RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping>) field.get(bean);
}
catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException e)
{
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
}
}
配置:
spring:
mvc:
pathmatch:
matching-strategy: ant_path_matcher
心如欲壑,后土难填。