[root@localhost]# df -h
显示如下:
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 36G 36G 20K 100% /
……
接下来给root挂载点进行扩容
首先需要关闭操作系统,然后在设置中将磁盘调整到需要的容量。
如果选项是灰色的,说明虚拟机有快照,将其快照删除再操作。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
磁盘 /dev/sda:4398.0 GB, 4398046511104 字节,8589934592 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:gpt
Disk identifier: 297499F1-D0BD-4171-8C06-6FF7B30C0385
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 4095 1M BIOS boot
2 4096 2101247 1G Microsoft basic
3 2101248 4294965247 2T Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root:53.7 GB, 53687091200 字节,104857600 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap:4160 MB, 4160749568 字节,8126464 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-home:2140.1 GB, 2140093284352 字节,4179869696 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
显示信息: /dev/sda:4398.0 GB, 4398046511104 字节,8589934592 个扇区
说明增加了空间的磁盘是 / dev/sda
添加新的磁盘分区
[root@localhost]# fdisk /dev/sda
分别键入以下参数:
p 查看已分区数量(我看到有两个 /dev/sda1 和/dev/sda2)
n 新增加一个分区
p 分区类型,选择主分区
分区号选4(1、2、3已占用,见上)
回车 默认选择(起始扇区)
回车 默认选择(结束扇区)
t 修改分区类型
选分区4
31 修改为LVM(31就是LVM的id,通过l命令查看此id)
w 写分区表,完成后退出fdisk命令
使用partprobe重新读取分区表,或者重启机器。
[root@localhost]# partprobe
实际操作过程
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中,直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
磁盘 /dev/sda:4398.0 GB, 4398046511104 字节,8589934592 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:gpt
Disk identifier: 297499F1-D0BD-4171-8C06-6FF7B30C0385
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 4095 1M BIOS boot
2 4096 2101247 1G Microsoft basic
3 2101248 4294965247 2T Linux LVM
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
分区号 (4-128,默认 4):
第一个扇区 (34-8589934558,默认 4294965248):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (4294965248-8589934558,默认 8589934558):
已创建分区 4
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
分区号 (1-4,默认 4):
分区类型(输入 L 列出所有类型):l
1 EFI System C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
2 MBR partition scheme 024DEE41-33E7-11D3-9D69-0008C781F39F
3 Intel Fast Flash D3BFE2DE-3DAF-11DF-BA40-E3A556D89593
4 BIOS boot 21686148-6449-6E6F-744E-656564454649
5 Sony boot partition F4019732-066E-4E12-8273-346C5641494F
6 Lenovo boot partition BFBFAFE7-A34F-448A-9A5B-6213EB736C22
7 PowerPC PReP boot 9E1A2D38-C612-4316-AA26-8B49521E5A8B
8 ONIE boot 7412F7D5-A156-4B13-81DC-867174929325
9 ONIE config D4E6E2CD-4469-46F3-B5CB-1BFF57AFC149
10 Microsoft reserved E3C9E316-0B5C-4DB8-817D-F92DF00215AE
11 Microsoft basic data EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
12 Microsoft LDM metadata 5808C8AA-7E8F-42E0-85D2-E1E90434CFB3
13 Microsoft LDM data AF9B60A0-1431-4F62-BC68-3311714A69AD
14 Windows recovery environment DE94BBA4-06D1-4D40-A16A-BFD50179D6AC
15 IBM General Parallel Fs 37AFFC90-EF7D-4E96-91C3-2D7AE055B174
16 Microsoft Storage Spaces E75CAF8F-F680-4CEE-AFA3-B001E56EFC2D
17 HP-UX data 75894C1E-3AEB-11D3-B7C1-7B03A0000000
18 HP-UX service E2A1E728-32E3-11D6-A682-7B03A0000000
19 Linux swap 0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4F
20 Linux filesystem 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4
21 Linux server data 3B8F8425-20E0-4F3B-907F-1A25A76F98E8
22 Linux root (x86) 44479540-F297-41B2-9AF7-D131D5F0458A
23 Linux root (ARM) 69DAD710-2CE4-4E3C-B16C-21A1D49ABED3
24 Linux root (x86-64) 4F68BCE3-E8CD-4DB1-96E7-FBCAF984B709
25 Linux root (ARM-64) B921B045-1DF0-41C3-AF44-4C6F280D3FAE
26 Linux root (IA-64) 993D8D3D-F80E-4225-855A-9DAF8ED7EA97
27 Linux reserved 8DA63339-0007-60C0-C436-083AC8230908
28 Linux home 933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915
29 Linux RAID A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911E
30 Linux extended boot BC13C2FF-59E6-4262-A352-B275FD6F7172
31 Linux LVM E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928
32 FreeBSD data 516E7CB4-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
33 FreeBSD boot 83BD6B9D-7F41-11DC-BE0B-001560B84F0F
34 FreeBSD swap 516E7CB5-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
35 FreeBSD UFS 516E7CB6-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
36 FreeBSD ZFS 516E7CBA-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
37 FreeBSD Vinum 516E7CB8-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
38 Apple HFS/HFS+ 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
39 Apple UFS 55465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
40 Apple RAID 52414944-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
41 Apple RAID offline 52414944-5F4F-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
42 Apple boot 426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
43 Apple label 4C616265-6C00-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
44 Apple TV recovery 5265636F-7665-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
45 Apple Core storage 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
46 Solaris boot 6A82CB45-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
47 Solaris root 6A85CF4D-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
48 Solaris /usr & Apple ZFS 6A898CC3-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
49 Solaris swap 6A87C46F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
50 Solaris backup 6A8B642B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
51 Solaris /var 6A8EF2E9-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
52 Solaris /home 6A90BA39-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
53 Solaris alternate sector 6A9283A5-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
54 Solaris reserved 1 6A945A3B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
55 Solaris reserved 2 6A9630D1-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
56 Solaris reserved 3 6A980767-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
57 Solaris reserved 4 6A96237F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
58 Solaris reserved 5 6A8D2AC7-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
59 NetBSD swap 49F48D32-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
60 NetBSD FFS 49F48D5A-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
61 NetBSD LFS 49F48D82-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
62 NetBSD concatenated 2DB519C4-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
63 NetBSD encrypted 2DB519EC-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
64 NetBSD RAID 49F48DAA-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
65 ChromeOS kernel FE3A2A5D-4F32-41A7-B725-ACCC3285A309
66 ChromeOS root fs 3CB8E202-3B7E-47DD-8A3C-7FF2A13CFCEC
67 ChromeOS reserved 2E0A753D-9E48-43B0-8337-B15192CB1B5E
68 MidnightBSD data 85D5E45A-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
69 MidnightBSD boot 85D5E45E-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
70 MidnightBSD swap 85D5E45B-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
71 MidnightBSD UFS 0394EF8B-237E-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
72 MidnightBSD ZFS 85D5E45D-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
73 MidnightBSD Vinum 85D5E45C-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
74 Ceph Journal 45B0969E-9B03-4F30-B4C6-B4B80CEFF106
75 Ceph Encrypted Journal 45B0969E-9B03-4F30-B4C6-5EC00CEFF106
76 Ceph OSD 4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-062C0CEFF05D
77 Ceph crypt OSD 4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-5EC00CEFF05D
78 Ceph disk in creation 89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-F3AD0CEFF2BE
79 Ceph crypt disk in creation 89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-5EC00CEFF2BE
80 OpenBSD data 824CC7A0-36A8-11E3-890A-952519AD3F61
81 QNX6 file system CEF5A9AD-73BC-4601-89F3-CDEEEEE321A1
82 Plan 9 partition C91818F9-8025-47AF-89D2-F030D7000C2C
分区类型(输入 L 列出所有类型):31
已将分区“Linux filesystem”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
正在同步磁盘。
执行mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda格式化上一步新建的分区
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda
sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: 完成
warning: 251 blocks unused.
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
134479872 inodes, 536870912 blocks
26843545 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
16384 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8208 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
[root@localhost]# lvm
进入 lvm 管理
以下命令都是在 lvm > 下
(1)初始化刚才的分区
(2)查看卷组名称
记下”VG Name”,这里为 centos
(3)将初始化过的分区加入到虚拟卷组
vgextend centos /dev/sda4
(4)扩展已有卷的容量。
查看卷组剩余空间。
记下”Free PE/Size” 的大小,例如这里为 524288 ,然后扩展已有卷的容量
lvextend -l +524288 /dev/mapper/centos-root
lvextend 指令用于在线扩展逻辑卷的空间大小,而不中断应用程序对逻辑卷的访问。其后有两个选项
选项 | 说明 |
---|---|
-L | 指定逻辑卷的大小,单位为 “kKmMgGtT” 字节,也就是 Size |
-l | 指定逻辑卷的大小,单位为 PE 数 |
其余两个参数:524288 是上边通过 vgdisplay 查看的 free 的大小,后边的目录参数 / dev/mapper/centos-root 可以通过 df 命令查看
(5)查看卷容量
(6)退出
实际执行过程
[root@localhost]# lvm
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda4
WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sda4 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext3 signature on /dev/sda4.
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <2.00 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 524031
Alloc PE / Size 524030 / <2.00 TiB
Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB
VG UUID i6tOPT-HnWZ-8hs2-cMM9-S5d9-MCfC-cFfDB8
lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sda4
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <4.00 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 1048318
Alloc PE / Size 524030 / <2.00 TiB
Free PE / Size 524288 / 2.00 TiB
VG UUID i6tOPT-HnWZ-8hs2-cMM9-S5d9-MCfC-cFfDB8
lvm> lvextend -l +524288 /dev/mapper/centos-root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 50.00 GiB (12800 extents) to <2.05 TiB (537088 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
lvm> pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name centos
PV Size <2.00 TiB / not usable 0
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 524031
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 524031
PV UUID KgrGMY-LFD7-3my5-AL94-c17Z-SKoT-ZTeRmX
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name centos
PV Size 2.00 TiB / not usable 4.98 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 524287
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 524287
PV UUID L3uQBd-RJKn-j0py-Qx9s-GbOH-3UNl-OR2cix
lvm>
以上只是卷扩容了,还要对文件系统实现真正扩容
CentOS 7 下面 由于使用的是 XFS,所以要用
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=3276800 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=13107200, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=6400, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 13107200 to 549978112
CentOS 6 下面 要用
resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 9.8G 0 9.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 9.8G 0 9.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 9.8G 12M 9.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 9.8G 0 9.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 2.1T 11G 2.1T 1% /
/dev/sda2 1014M 194M 821M 20% /boot
.......