VMware ESXi 中 CentOS7 扩展磁盘容量

一、查看挂载点信息

[root@localhost]# df -h
显示如下: 
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 
/dev/mapper/centos-root 36G 36G 20K 100% / 
……

接下来给root挂载点进行扩容

二、 扩展 VMWare 硬盘空间

首先需要关闭操作系统,然后在设置中将磁盘调整到需要的容量。

如果选项是灰色的,说明虚拟机有快照,将其快照删除再操作。

三、对新增加的硬盘进行分区、格式化

1. 查看一下调整后的磁盘状态

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

磁盘 /dev/sda:4398.0 GB, 4398046511104 字节,8589934592 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:gpt
Disk identifier: 297499F1-D0BD-4171-8C06-6FF7B30C0385


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048         4095      1M  BIOS boot       
 2         4096      2101247      1G  Microsoft basic 
 3      2101248   4294965247      2T  Linux LVM       

磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root:53.7 GB, 53687091200 字节,104857600 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap:4160 MB, 4160749568 字节,8126464 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-home:2140.1 GB, 2140093284352 字节,4179869696 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节


显示信息: /dev/sda:4398.0 GB, 4398046511104 字节,8589934592 个扇区

说明增加了空间的磁盘是 / dev/sda

2. 磁盘分区

添加新的磁盘分区

[root@localhost]# fdisk /dev/sda
分别键入以下参数:
p       查看已分区数量(我看到有两个 /dev/sda1 和/dev/sda2) 
n       新增加一个分区 
p       分区类型,选择主分区 
        分区号选4(1、2、3已占用,见上) 
回车     默认选择(起始扇区) 
回车     默认选择(结束扇区) 
t       修改分区类型 
       选分区4
31     修改为LVM(31就是LVM的id,通过l命令查看此id) 
w       写分区表,完成后退出fdisk命令

使用partprobe重新读取分区表,或者重启机器。
[root@localhost]# partprobe

实际操作过程

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。

更改将停留在内存中,直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。



命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p

磁盘 /dev/sda:4398.0 GB, 4398046511104 字节,8589934592 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:gpt
Disk identifier: 297499F1-D0BD-4171-8C06-6FF7B30C0385


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048         4095      1M  BIOS boot       
 2         4096      2101247      1G  Microsoft basic 
 3      2101248   4294965247      2T  Linux LVM       

命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
分区号 (4-128,默认 4):
第一个扇区 (34-8589934558,默认 4294965248):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (4294965248-8589934558,默认 8589934558):
已创建分区 4

命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
分区号 (1-4,默认 4):
分区类型(输入 L 列出所有类型):l
  1 EFI System                     C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
  2 MBR partition scheme           024DEE41-33E7-11D3-9D69-0008C781F39F
  3 Intel Fast Flash               D3BFE2DE-3DAF-11DF-BA40-E3A556D89593
  4 BIOS boot                      21686148-6449-6E6F-744E-656564454649
  5 Sony boot partition            F4019732-066E-4E12-8273-346C5641494F
  6 Lenovo boot partition          BFBFAFE7-A34F-448A-9A5B-6213EB736C22
  7 PowerPC PReP boot              9E1A2D38-C612-4316-AA26-8B49521E5A8B
  8 ONIE boot                      7412F7D5-A156-4B13-81DC-867174929325
  9 ONIE config                    D4E6E2CD-4469-46F3-B5CB-1BFF57AFC149
 10 Microsoft reserved             E3C9E316-0B5C-4DB8-817D-F92DF00215AE
 11 Microsoft basic data           EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
 12 Microsoft LDM metadata         5808C8AA-7E8F-42E0-85D2-E1E90434CFB3
 13 Microsoft LDM data             AF9B60A0-1431-4F62-BC68-3311714A69AD
 14 Windows recovery environment   DE94BBA4-06D1-4D40-A16A-BFD50179D6AC
 15 IBM General Parallel Fs        37AFFC90-EF7D-4E96-91C3-2D7AE055B174
 16 Microsoft Storage Spaces       E75CAF8F-F680-4CEE-AFA3-B001E56EFC2D
 17 HP-UX data                     75894C1E-3AEB-11D3-B7C1-7B03A0000000
 18 HP-UX service                  E2A1E728-32E3-11D6-A682-7B03A0000000
 19 Linux swap                     0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4F
 20 Linux filesystem               0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4
 21 Linux server data              3B8F8425-20E0-4F3B-907F-1A25A76F98E8
 22 Linux root (x86)               44479540-F297-41B2-9AF7-D131D5F0458A
 23 Linux root (ARM)               69DAD710-2CE4-4E3C-B16C-21A1D49ABED3
 24 Linux root (x86-64)            4F68BCE3-E8CD-4DB1-96E7-FBCAF984B709
 25 Linux root (ARM-64)            B921B045-1DF0-41C3-AF44-4C6F280D3FAE
 26 Linux root	(IA-64)             993D8D3D-F80E-4225-855A-9DAF8ED7EA97
 27 Linux reserved                 8DA63339-0007-60C0-C436-083AC8230908
 28 Linux home                     933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915
 29 Linux RAID                     A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911E
 30 Linux extended boot            BC13C2FF-59E6-4262-A352-B275FD6F7172
 31 Linux LVM                      E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928
 32 FreeBSD data                   516E7CB4-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 33 FreeBSD boot                   83BD6B9D-7F41-11DC-BE0B-001560B84F0F
 34 FreeBSD swap                   516E7CB5-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 35 FreeBSD UFS                    516E7CB6-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 36 FreeBSD ZFS                    516E7CBA-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 37 FreeBSD Vinum                  516E7CB8-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 38 Apple HFS/HFS+                 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 39 Apple UFS                      55465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 40 Apple RAID                     52414944-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 41 Apple RAID offline             52414944-5F4F-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 42 Apple boot                     426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 43 Apple label                    4C616265-6C00-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 44 Apple TV recovery              5265636F-7665-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 45 Apple Core storage             53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 46 Solaris boot                   6A82CB45-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 47 Solaris root                   6A85CF4D-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 48 Solaris /usr & Apple ZFS       6A898CC3-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 49 Solaris swap                   6A87C46F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 50 Solaris backup                 6A8B642B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 51 Solaris /var                   6A8EF2E9-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 52 Solaris /home                  6A90BA39-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 53 Solaris alternate sector       6A9283A5-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 54 Solaris reserved 1             6A945A3B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 55 Solaris reserved 2             6A9630D1-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 56 Solaris reserved 3             6A980767-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 57 Solaris reserved 4             6A96237F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 58 Solaris reserved 5             6A8D2AC7-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 59 NetBSD swap                    49F48D32-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
 60 NetBSD FFS                     49F48D5A-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
 61 NetBSD LFS                     49F48D82-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
 62 NetBSD concatenated            2DB519C4-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
 63 NetBSD encrypted               2DB519EC-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
 64 NetBSD RAID                    49F48DAA-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
 65 ChromeOS kernel                FE3A2A5D-4F32-41A7-B725-ACCC3285A309
 66 ChromeOS root fs               3CB8E202-3B7E-47DD-8A3C-7FF2A13CFCEC
 67 ChromeOS reserved              2E0A753D-9E48-43B0-8337-B15192CB1B5E
 68 MidnightBSD data               85D5E45A-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
 69 MidnightBSD boot               85D5E45E-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
 70 MidnightBSD swap               85D5E45B-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
 71 MidnightBSD UFS                0394EF8B-237E-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
 72 MidnightBSD ZFS                85D5E45D-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
 73 MidnightBSD Vinum              85D5E45C-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
 74 Ceph Journal                   45B0969E-9B03-4F30-B4C6-B4B80CEFF106
 75 Ceph Encrypted Journal         45B0969E-9B03-4F30-B4C6-5EC00CEFF106
 76 Ceph OSD                       4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-062C0CEFF05D
 77 Ceph crypt OSD                 4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-5EC00CEFF05D
 78 Ceph disk in creation          89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-F3AD0CEFF2BE
 79 Ceph crypt disk in creation    89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-5EC00CEFF2BE
 80 OpenBSD data                   824CC7A0-36A8-11E3-890A-952519AD3F61
 81 QNX6 file system               CEF5A9AD-73BC-4601-89F3-CDEEEEE321A1
 82 Plan 9 partition               C91818F9-8025-47AF-89D2-F030D7000C2C

分区类型(输入 L 列出所有类型):31
已将分区“Linux filesystem”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”

命令(输入 m 获取帮助):w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
正在同步磁盘。

3. 格式化分区

执行mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda格式化上一步新建的分区

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda
sda   sda1  sda2  sda3  sda4  
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: 完成                            
warning: 251 blocks unused.

文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
134479872 inodes, 536870912 blocks
26843545 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
16384 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8208 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
	102400000, 214990848, 512000000

Allocating group tables: 完成                            
正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 

4. 添加新 LVM 到已有的 LVM 组,实现扩容

[root@localhost]# lvm

进入 lvm 管理

以下命令都是在 lvm > 下

(1)初始化刚才的分区

(2)查看卷组名称

记下”VG Name”,这里为 centos

(3)将初始化过的分区加入到虚拟卷组

vgextend centos /dev/sda4

(4)扩展已有卷的容量。

查看卷组剩余空间。

记下”Free PE/Size” 的大小,例如这里为 524288 ,然后扩展已有卷的容量

lvextend -l +524288 /dev/mapper/centos-root

lvextend 指令用于在线扩展逻辑卷的空间大小,而不中断应用程序对逻辑卷的访问。其后有两个选项

选项 说明
-L 指定逻辑卷的大小,单位为 “kKmMgGtT” 字节,也就是 Size
-l 指定逻辑卷的大小,单位为 PE 数

其余两个参数:524288 是上边通过 vgdisplay 查看的 free 的大小,后边的目录参数 / dev/mapper/centos-root 可以通过 df 命令查看

(5)查看卷容量

(6)退出

实际执行过程

[root@localhost]# lvm
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda4
WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sda4 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping ext3 signature on /dev/sda4.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.
lvm> vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <2.00 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              524031
  Alloc PE / Size       524030 / <2.00 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               i6tOPT-HnWZ-8hs2-cMM9-S5d9-MCfC-cFfDB8
   
lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sda4
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
lvm> vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               <4.00 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1048318
  Alloc PE / Size       524030 / <2.00 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       524288 / 2.00 TiB
  VG UUID               i6tOPT-HnWZ-8hs2-cMM9-S5d9-MCfC-cFfDB8
   
lvm> lvextend -l +524288 /dev/mapper/centos-root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 50.00 GiB (12800 extents) to <2.05 TiB (537088 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
lvm> pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <2.00 TiB / not usable 0   
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              524031
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          524031
  PV UUID               KgrGMY-LFD7-3my5-AL94-c17Z-SKoT-ZTeRmX
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda4
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               2.00 TiB / not usable 4.98 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              524287
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          524287
  PV UUID               L3uQBd-RJKn-j0py-Qx9s-GbOH-3UNl-OR2cix
   
lvm> 

5. 文件系统扩容

以上只是卷扩容了,还要对文件系统实现真正扩容

CentOS 7 下面 由于使用的是 XFS,所以要用

[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=3276800 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=13107200, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=6400, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 13107200 to 549978112

CentOS 6 下面 要用

resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root

6. 查看新的磁盘空间

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                                                容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                                                9.8G     0    9.8G    0%   /dev
tmpfs                                                      9.8G     0    9.8G    0%   /dev/shm
tmpfs                                                      9.8G   12M  9.8G    1%   /run
tmpfs                                                      9.8G     0      9.8G    0%   /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root                        2.1T    11G    2.1T    1%   /
/dev/sda2                                               1014M  194M  821M  20% /boot
.......

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