软件管理 基础配置(运维笔记)

软件管理 基础配置(运维笔记)

配置IP地址

这里以CentOS为例

进入系统网络设置目录:

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ #进入目录
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls  #查看配置文件
ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ippp   ifup-routes       network-functions
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-isdn    ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ipv6   ifup-sit          network-functions-ipv6
ifdown       ifdown-post    ifup             ifup-isdn   ifup-Team
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-ppp     ifup-aliases     ifup-plip   ifup-TeamPort
ifdown-eth   ifdown-routes  ifup-bnep        ifup-plusb  ifup-tunnel
ifdown-ib    ifdown-sit     ifup-eth         ifup-post   ifup-wireless
ifdown-ippp  ifdown-Team    ifup-ib          ifup-ppp    init.ipv6-global

查看默认网关:

[root@localhost network-scripts]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.126.2   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
192.168.126.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33

Gateway下的192.168.126.2就是默认网关

设置静态IP:

进入ens33网卡配置文件

[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-ens33

使用NAT模式配置网络,根据生成的IP地址和上述命令查看网关,编辑:

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static #设置静态模式
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=6c9cafc0-eb4f-40ca-b7b1-630547eadd40
DEVICE=ens33  #设备名称
ONBOOT=yes    #开机是否激活网卡
IPADDR=192.168.126.129 #IP地址 你自己虚拟机的IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.126.2 #网关

重启网络服务

添加网卡

添加一张网卡,需要一个封闭的网络环境,选择仅主机模式

进入VMware,步骤:

上方选项 虚拟机->网络适配器->下方添加->网络适配器->仅主机模式

仅主机模式通过网络适配器VMnet1连接,打开其IPV4属性,如果自动获取的话,IP地址默认为10.1.1.1

我们将虚拟网卡地址设置为10.1.1.254

子网掩码:255.255.255.0

查看网卡信息:

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig -a

发现多了一张网卡ens36即为仅主机模式下网卡

新建ens36配置文件

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens36

编辑ens-36配置文件:

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=6c9cafc0-eb4f-40ca-b7b1-630547eadd40
DEVICE=ens36  #设备名称
ONBOOT=yes    #开机是否激活网卡
IPADDR=10.1.1.250  #IP地址 随便写 只要不与vmnet1配置相同即可
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #掩码

重启网络:

[root@localhost network-scripts]# service network restart              Restarting network (via systemctl):
                                                           [  确定  ]

测试网络环境:

#外网ping通
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (180.101.50.188) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.101.50.188 (180.101.50.188): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=632 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.50.188 (180.101.50.188): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=595 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.50.188 (180.101.50.188): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=194 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2234ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 194.210/473.872/632.320/198.334 ms
#内网vmnet1 ping通
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping 10.1.1.254
PING 10.1.1.254 (10.1.1.254) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.1.1.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.880 ms
64 bytes from 10.1.1.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=1.35 ms
64 bytes from 10.1.1.254: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=1.97 ms
64 bytes from 10.1.1.254: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=1.64 ms
^C

修改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
# Created by anaconda
HOSTNAME=RKUN18  #自己任意设定

退出重新登录生效

绑定主机名与IP地址

# vi /etc/hosts
# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.126.129 RKUN18
10.1.1.250 RKUN18


防火墙与SELinux关闭

临时关闭防火墙,方便服务搭建:

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service

永久关闭防火墙:

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

关闭SELinux

临时关闭:

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

设置始终关闭:

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

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